Sound ranging
Overview
 
In land warfare, sound ranging is a method of determining the coordinates of a hostile artillery battery
Artillery battery
In military organizations, an artillery battery is a unit of guns, mortars, rockets or missiles so grouped in order to facilitate better battlefield communication and command and control, as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems...

 using data derived from the sound of its guns (or mortar or rockets) firing. The same methods can also be used to direct artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...

 fire at a position with known coordinates.

Sound ranging is sometimes confused with sound locating
Sound localization
Sound localization refers to a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. It may also refer to the methods in acoustical engineering to simulate the placement of an auditory cue in a virtual 3D space .The sound localization mechanisms of the...

, which refers to techniques used to locate the source of other sounds that may originate in the air, on the ground or on or below the sea's surface.
 
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