Sorus

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Sorus

"Sori" redirects here. For the commune in Italy, see Sori, Italy
Sori, Italy

Sori is a comune in the Province of Genoa in the Italy region Liguria, located about 17 km southeast of Genoa. Together with Camogli, Pieve Ligure, Bogliasco and Recco, it is part of the so-called Golfo Paradiso in the Riviera di Levante....
; for the villages in Azerbaijan see Soru
Soru

Soru is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,238.References ...
and Sors, Azerbaijan
Sors, Azerbaijan

Sors is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 735.References ...
; for the festival in Assam
Assam

Assam ) is a North-East India state of India with its capital at Dispur, in the outskirts of the city Guwahati. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra and the Barak River river valleys and the Karbi Anglong District and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles ....
see Bhatheli
Bhatheli

Bhatheli synchronizes with Bohag Bihu is a one-day festival held on different fixed days of Vaisakha at different places of lower Assam. It is confined to the Western districts of Kamrup and Goalpara and also to certain parts of Darrang district, adjacent to Kamrup, where it is known as Deul....
.

A sorus (pl.

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A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia

Sporangium

A sporangium is a plant or fungus structure producing and containing spores. Sporangia occur in Flowering plant, gymnosperms, ferns, fern allies, bryophytes, Algaee, and Fungus....
.

In fungi and lichens, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae it may take the form of a depression into the thallus.

In ferns, these form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond

Frond

A frond is a large leaf with many divisions to it, and the term is typically used for the leaves of Arecaceaes, ferns or cycads. A frond is the leaf- like structure of a fern or alga....
. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium, which forms an umbrella-like cover.

Sori occur on the sporophyte

Sporophyte

All land plants, and some algae, have life cycles in which a haploid gametophyte generation alternates with a diploid sporophyte, the generation of a plant or alga that has a double set of chromosomes....
generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospore

Spore

In biology, a spore is a reproduction structure that is adapted for biological dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions....
s. As the sporongia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores.

The shape, arrangement, and location of the sori are often valuable clues in the identification of fern taxa. Sori may be circular or linear. They may be arranged in rows, either parallel or oblique to the costa, or randomly. Their location may be marginal or set away from the margin on the frond lamina. The presence or absence of indusium is also used to identify fern taxa.

Sorus

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