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Soranî
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Soranî (Kurdish: ??????) is the name of a Kurdish dialect that is spoken in Iran and Iraq and such is a member of the Iranian languages. Soranî belongs to one of the main Kurdish dialects that make up the Kurdish language.
efer to southern Kurmanji dialects as Soranî is a recent naming by linguists after the name of the former principality of Soran.
Mackenzie writes that the present Kurdish standard called Soranî is in fact an idealized version of the Silêmanî dialect, which uses the phonemic system of the Píjhdar and Mukrî dialects.
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Encyclopedia
Soranî (Kurdish: ??????) is the name of a Kurdish dialect that is spoken in Iran and Iraq and such is a member of the Iranian languages. Soranî belongs to one of the main Kurdish dialects that make up the Kurdish language.
Name
To refer to southern Kurmanji dialects as Soranî is a recent naming by linguists after the name of the former principality of Soran.
Mackenzie writes that the present Kurdish standard called Soranî is in fact an idealized version of the Silêmanî dialect, which uses the phonemic system of the Píjhdar and Mukrî dialects. Objections have been made to the name Soranî on the grounds that the name of one dialect, Soranî, spoken in the region Soran should not be extended to cover a group of dialect (E. M. Rasul, Núserí Kurd, No. 4, Nov. 1971).
History
Ottoman Times
In Silemani(Sulaymaniyah), the Ottoman Empire had created a secondary school (Rushdíye), the graduates from which could go to Istanbul to continue to study there. This allowed Soranî, which was spoken in Silémaní, to progressively replace Hewrami as the literary vehicle.
Modern
Since the the fall of the Bathist regime in Iraq, there has been more opportunity to publish work in the Kurdish language In Iraq than in any other countries in recent times.
as a result Sorani Kurdish has become the dominant written form of Kurdish.
Alphabet
Sorani Kurdish is written in a modified Arabic script; This is in contrast to the other Kurdish dialect, Kurmanji which is spoken mainly in Turkey and is usually written in the Latin alphabet.
However, since the recent decade, official TV in Iraqi Kurdistan mostly use Latin script for Sorani.
Demographics
The exact number of Sorani speakers is a hard thing to find but it is generally thought Sorani is spoken by a total of approximately 7-15 million people in Iraq and Iran.It is the most widespread speech form of Kurds in Iran and Iraq.
- Around 3-7 Million of the Kurds in Iran. Located south of the Urmia Lake that stretches roughly to the city of Kermanshah.
- Around 3.5 million of the Kurds in Iraq, including the Soran clan. Most of the Kurds who use it are found in the vicinity of Hewlêr (Arbil) , Sulaymaniyah (Silêmanî) , Kerkuk and Diyala governates.
Colloquial subdivisions
Following includes a traditional internal subdivisions of Soranî however nowadays due to media and communications most of them are regarded as an accent of standard Soranî:
- Mukrî; it is the language spoken in south of Lake Urmia with Mehabad as its center including cities: Bokan, Sardasht, Piranshahr, Oshnowiya, Naxede. A region traditionally called Mukrian.
- Erdelanî, the region corresponding to modern Kurdistan province of Iran
- Germíyanî, Kirkuk area
- Xosnaw
- Píjhder
- Wermawe
- Hewlêrî, It is spoken around in the city of Hewlêr (Arbil) in Iraqi Kurdistan. Its main particularity is changing consonant /l/ into /r/ in many words.
As an official language
A recent proposal was made for Soranî to be the official language of the Kurdistan Regional Government. This idea has been favoured by Soranî-speaking Kurds but it has disappointed Kurmanjis.
Grammatical features
In Sorani the basic word order in a sentence is: subject:-verb-object (SVO) .There are also no pronouns to distinguish between masculine and feminine
and no verb inflection to signal gender.
After publishing The Persian Today Corpus (The Most Frequent Words of Today's Persian), as a main program, the writer, Iranian Kurdish-language scholar, Hamid Hassani, is supposed to prepare a Soranî Kurdish Language Corpus, consisting of one-million words.
Sorani and Kurmanji(Northern Kurdish) comparison
See also
External links
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