Songs of the Great Dominion
Encyclopedia
Songs of the Great Dominion was a pioneering anthology of Canadian poetry
Canadian poetry
- Beginnings:The earliest works of poetry, mainly written by visitors, described the new territories in optimistic terms, mainly targeted at a European audience...

 published in 1889
1889 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature .-Canada:* William Wilfred Campbell, Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).-Canada:* William Wilfred Campbell, Nationality...

. The book's full title was Songs of the Great Dominion: Voices from the Forests and Waters, the Settlements and Cities of Canada. The collection was selected and edited by William Douw Lighthall
William Douw Lighthall
William Douw Lighthall , K.C., LL.D., F.R.S.C. , can be and has been described as a Canadian "lawyer, historian, novelist, poet, philosopher, anthologist, and editor."...

 of Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...

. It was published in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 by the firm of Walter Scott, as part of its "Windsor Series" of anthologies.

The book introduced Canadian
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 and English audiences to a new generation of Canadian writers. It marked the first publication in book form for several poets, including Bliss Carman
Bliss Carman
Bliss Carman FRSC was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years....

, Pauline Johnson
Pauline Johnson
Emily Pauline Johnson , commonly known as E. Pauline Johnson or just Pauline Johnson, was a Canadian writer and performer popular in the late 19th century...

, and Duncan Campbell Scott
Duncan Campbell Scott
Duncan Campbell Scott was a Canadian poet and prose writer. With Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, and Archibald Lampman, he is classed as one of Canada's Confederation Poets....

.

History

Lighthall was asked to put together an anthology for Walter Scott by poet William Sharp
William Sharp (writer)
William Sharp was a Scottish writer, of poetry and literary biography in particular, who from 1893 wrote also as Fiona MacLeod, a pseudonym kept almost secret during his lifetime...

, who was working as an editor for the firm. Independently, freelance editor Ernest Rhys
Ernest Rhys
Ernest Percival Rhys was an English writer, best known for his role as founding editor of the Everyman's Library series of affordable classics. He wrote essays, stories, poetry, novels and plays...

 made the same proposal on behalf of Walter Scott to Canadian poet Charles G.D. Roberts
Charles G.D. Roberts
Sir Charles George Douglas Roberts, was a Canadian poet and prose writer who is known as the Father of Canadian Poetry. He was "almost the first Canadian author to obtain worldwide reputation and influence; he was also a tireless promoter and encourager of Canadian literature......

. When the mixup was revealed, Roberts withdrew, but promised Lighthall "whatever assistance you might permit me to be." Roberts suggested several writers for inclusion, including his cousin Barry Straton and his sister Elizabeth (both of whom were included).

"Supplied with a ringing introduction which echoes with patriotic sentiment and lyrical praise for Canada," says the Canadian Encyclopedia, "this is a collection of confident poetry truly representative of the national and literary self-respect of the emergent Dominion."

In his introduction, Lighthall was lavish in his praise of Roberts. "The foremost name in Canadian song at the present day is that of Charles George Douglas Roberts," he declared. Immediately after Roberts Lighthall talked of Charles Sangster
Charles Sangster
Charles Sangster was a Canadian poet whose 1856 volume, The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, "was received with unanimous acclaim as the best and most important book of poetry produced in Canada until that time." He was "the first poet who made appreciative use of Canadian subjects in his poetical...

, whom he called Canada's "first important national poet" and "a kind of Wordsworth."

Lighthall was also lavish in praising the reputation of Isabella Valancy Crawford
Isabella Valancy Crawford
Isabella Valancy Crawford was an Irish-born Canadian writer and poet. She was one of the first Canadians to make a living as a freelance writer....

, whose one book of poetry had failed to sell in 1884, and who had died neglected in 1887 (a "sad story of unrecognized genius and death," as he put it). While gently mocking her title, Lighthall pronounced Crawford's book, Old Spookse's Pass, Malcolm's Katie, and Other Poems, to be "the most striking volume" of Canadian poetry after Roberts's, and "even more boldly new" than his. After her death, he added, "Miss Crawford's work was, in fact, seen to be phenomenal."

In a review of Songs of the Great Dominion in the September 28, 1889, Athenæum, Theodore Watts-Dunton
Theodore Watts-Dunton
Theodore Watts-Dunton was an English critic and poet. He is often remembered as the friend and minder of Algernon Charles Swinburne, whom he rescued from alcoholism.-Birth and education:...

 singled out Pauline Johnson for special praise, calling her “the most interesting English poetess now living” and quoting her poem "In the Shadows" in full. Johnson (who had not yet published a book) considered this to be a big boost for her career, and felt herself "indebted" for the inclusion and the review.

One person who was unhappy with the selection was William Wilfred Campbell
William Wilfred Campbell
William Wilfred Campbell was a Canadian poet. He is often classed as one of the country's Confederation Poets, a group that included fellow Canadians Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott; he was a colleague of Lampman and Scott...

. "I have been cruelly misrepresented by a wilful choice of my poorest work," Campbell wrote to a friend."

"The anthology is noteworthy for its attempt to include some French Canadian poetry in the appendix as well as some folksongs in translation, and for its recognition of a distinct Indian element in Canadian writing."

Walter Scott republished the anthology in 1892 under the title, Canadian Poems and Lays: Selections of native verse reflecting the seasons, legends, and life of the Dominion.

Contents

Contents of the 1889 edition:
  • Introduction [William Douw Lighthall] /xxi
  • Entry of the Minstrels (from Masque of the Minstrels), Arthur J. Lockhart /xxxix


I. The Imperial Spirit
  • Hastings (from Merlin and Other Poems), John Reade
    John Reade
    John Reade was an Irish-born Canadian journalist, essayist, and poet once considered "the grand old man of Canadian letters." He is best known as the literary editor of the Montreal Gazette, a position he held for almost 50 years.-Life:John Reade was born in Ballyshannon, Donegal, Ireland, in...

     /3
  • Advance of the Empire (from Jubilee Poems), Mary Barry Smith /5
  • Canada to England, Anonymous /7
  • Empire First, Jean-Talon L'Espérance ("Laclède") /10
  • The Canadians on the Nile (from Poems), William Wye Smith /11


II. The New Nationality
  • Dominion Day, "Fidelis" / 15
  • Canada (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts
    Charles G.D. Roberts
    Sir Charles George Douglas Roberts, was a Canadian poet and prose writer who is known as the Father of Canadian Poetry. He was "almost the first Canadian author to obtain worldwide reputation and influence; he was also a tireless promoter and encourager of Canadian literature......

     /18
  • The Confused Dawn (from Thoughts, Moods, and Ideals), William Douw Lighthall
    William Douw Lighthall
    William Douw Lighthall , K.C., LL.D., F.R.S.C. , can be and has been described as a Canadian "lawyer, historian, novelist, poet, philosopher, anthologist, and editor."...

     /21
  • National Hymn (from Thoughts, Moods, and Ideals), William Douw Lighthall /22
  • From "'85", Barry Straton /24
  • Song for Canada, Charles Sangster
    Charles Sangster
    Charles Sangster was a Canadian poet whose 1856 volume, The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, "was received with unanimous acclaim as the best and most important book of poetry produced in Canada until that time." He was "the first poet who made appreciative use of Canadian subjects in his poetical...

     /25
  • Here's to the Land (from Poems), William Wye Smith /27
  • Canada Not Last (from Thoughts, Moods, and Ideals), William Douw Lighthall /28
  • An Ode to the Canadian Confederacy (from In Divers Tones, Charles G.D. Roberts /30
  • Collect for Dominion Day (from In Divers Tones, Charles G.D. Roberts /32


III. The Indian
  • A Blood-Red Ring Hung Round the Moon, John E. Logan ("Barry Dane") /35
  • The Departing of Clote Scarp (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts /36
  • Change on the Ottawa (from Marguerite), George Martin /38
  • From "Tecumseh" (Act I, Scene 2), Charles Mair
    Charles Mair
    Charles Mair was a Canadian poet and journalist. He was a fervent Canadian nationalist noted for his participation in the Canada First movement and his opposition to Louis Riel during the two Riel Rebellions in western Canada.-Life:Mair was born at Lanark, Upper Canada, to Margaret Holmes and...

     /42
  • The Arctic Indian's Faith (from Poems), Hon. Thomas D'Arcy McGee /44
  • Taapookaa: A Huron Legend (from Hesperus), Charles Sangster /45
  • The Caughnawaga Beadwork Seller, William Douw Lighthall /49
  • The Indian's Grave, Bishop George Jehoshaphat Mountain
    George Jehoshaphat Mountain
    George Jehoshaphat Mountain was a Canadian Anglican bishop , the first Principal of McGill College from 1824 to 1835, and the founder of Bishop's University.-Biography:...

     /51
  • Wahonomin: Indian Hymn to the Queen (from Soul's Quest), Frederick George Scott
    Frederick George Scott
    Frederick George Scott was a Canadian poet and author, known as the Poet of the Laurentians. He is sometimes associated with Canada's Confederation Poets, a group that included Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott. Scott published 13 books of Christian...

     /52
  • Wabanaki Song, tr. Charles G. Leland
    Charles Godfrey Leland
    Charles Godfrey Leland was an American humorist and folklorist, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Princeton University and in Europe....

     /59
  • Wabanaki Song, tr. Charles G. Leland /60
  • Caughnawaga Song, tr. John Waniente Jocks / 62


IV. The Voyageur and Habitant
  • The Old Régime (from Song of Welcome), Mrs. J.F.W. Harrison ("Seranus")
    Susie Frances Harrison
    Susan Frances Harrison née Riley was a Canadian poet, novelist, music critic and music composer who lived and worked in Ottawa and Toronto.-Life:...

     / 67
  • Malbrouck (Old Chanson), tr. William M'Lennan /71
  • A La Claire Fontaine (Old Chanson), tr. William Douw Lighthall /74
  • En Roulant Ma Boule (Old Chanson), tr. William M'Lennan /76
  • Gai le Rosier (Old Chanson), tr. William M'Lennan /78
  • Entre Paris et Saint-Denis (Old Chanson), tr. William M'Lennan /80
  • Marianson (Old Chanson), tr. William M'Lennan /83
  • The Resettlement of Acadia, Arthur Wentworth Eaton /87
  • At the Cedars, Duncan Campbell Scott
    Duncan Campbell Scott
    Duncan Campbell Scott was a Canadian poet and prose writer. With Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, and Archibald Lampman, he is classed as one of Canada's Confederation Poets....

     /91
  • Rose Latulippe (A French-Canadian Legend), Mrs. J.F.W. Harrison ("Seranus") / 94
  • Adieu to France (from Roberval), John Hunter-Duvar /104


V. Settlement Life
  • Song of the Axe (from Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford
    Isabella Valancy Crawford
    Isabella Valancy Crawford was an Irish-born Canadian writer and poet. She was one of the first Canadians to make a living as a freelance writer....

     /107
  • Fire in the Woods; or, the Old Settler's Story, Alexander M'Lachlan /109
  • Burnt Lands, Charles G.D. Roberts /114
  • Acres of Your Own (from Poems and Songs), Alexander M'Lachlan /115
  • From "Malcolm's Katie" (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /117
  • From "Malcolm's Katie" (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /119
  • The Second Concession of Deer (from Poems), William Wye Smith /125
  • The Scot Abroad (from Spring Flowers), Sir Daniel Wilson /127
  • The Farmer's Daughter Cherry (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /129
  • A Canadian Folk-Song, William Wilfred Campbell
    William Wilfred Campbell
    William Wilfred Campbell was a Canadian poet. He is often classed as one of the country's Confederation Poets, a group that included fellow Canadians Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott; he was a colleague of Lampman and Scott...

     /133
  • The Pioneers (A Ballad), William Douw Lighthall /134
  • "Rough Ben" (North-west Rebellion Incident), Kate B. Simpson /136
  • "The Injun" (Incident of Minnesota Massacre), John E. Logan ("Barry Dane") /142
  • Shakespeer at Dead-Hos' Crick (A North-west Romance), John E. Logan ("Barry Dane") /148


VI. Sports and Free Life
  • The Wraith of the Red Swan, Bliss Carman
    Bliss Carman
    Bliss Carman FRSC was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years....

     /157
  • Birch and Paddle (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts /163
  • The Nor-West Courier, John E. Logan ("Barry Dane") /166
  • The Hall of Shadows (from Poems and Songs), Alexander M'Lachlan /168
  • Canadian Hunter's Song, Mrs. Susanna (Strickland) Moodie
    Susanna Moodie
    Susanna Moodie, born Strickland , was an English-born Canadian author who wrote about her experiences as a settler in Canada, which was a British colony at the time.-Biography:...

     /172
  • Canadian Camping Song, James D. Edgar
    James David Edgar
    Sir James David Edgar, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician.In his twenties, Edgar was a law student, legal editor of the Toronto Globe, an alderman on Toronto's city council, and an organizer for the Liberal Party in Ontario. He was also rare among English Canadians of the time for his sympathy for...

     /173
  • The Fisherman's Light (A Song of the Backwoods), Mrs. Susanna (Strickland) Moodie /174
  • The Kingfisher, Charles Lee Barnes /175
  • The Canoe (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /177
  • Canoe Song (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /178
  • The Walker of the Snow, Charles Dawson Shanly /181
  • In the Shadows, E. Pauline Johnson /184
  • On the Creek (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts /187
  • The Rapid (St. Lawrence), Charles Sangster /190
  • The Winter Spirit (Origin of the Ice Palace), Helen Fairbairn /192
  • Snowshoeing Song, Arthur Weir /195
  • Skating, John Lowry Stuart /197
  • The Winter Carnival, John Reade /199
  • The Spirit of the Carnival, "Fleurance" /203
  • The Football Match, Anonymous /209


VII. The Spirit of Canadian History
  • Jacques Cartier (from Poems), Hon. Thomas D'Arcy McGee /213
  • L'Isle St. Croix, Arthur Wentworth Eaton /216
  • The Captured Flag (from Fleur de Lys) Arthur Weir /219
  • How Canada Was Saved, George Murray /222
  • Madeleine de Verchères, John Reade /228
  • The Battle of La Prairie (A Ballad), William Douw Lighthall /233
  • The Battle of Grand Pré, M.J. Katzmann Lawson /236
  • Spina Christi (from Canadian Idylls), William Kirby
    William Kirby
    Image sourcesPortraits of the Honorary Members of the Ipswich Museum ....

     /240
  • The Loyalists (from Laura Secord), Sarah Anne Curzon /253
  • Brock (from Hesperus), Charles Sangster /254
  • Capture of Fort Detroit, 1812, Charles Edwin Jakeway /256
  • Tecumseh's Death (from Tecumseh), Major Richardson
    John Richardson (author)
    John Richardson was a British Army officer and the first Canadian-born novelist to achieve international recognition....

     /260
  • A Ballad for Brave Women,Charles Mair /262
  • In the North-West, William Wilfred Campbell /267
  • The Veteran, J.A. Fraser /269
  • In Hospital, Annie Rothwell /270
  • In Memoriam (from The Soul's Quest), Frederick George Scott /275


VIII. Places
  • The Tantramar Revisited (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts /279
  • Low Tide on Grand Pré, Bliss Carman /283
  • The Indian Names of Acadia, attributed to DeMille /285
  • On Leaving the Coast of Nova Scotia, George Frederick Cameron
    George Frederick Cameron
    George Frederick Cameron was a Canadian poet, lawyer, and journalist, best known for the libretto for the operetta Leo, the Royal Cadet.-Life:...

     /287
  • The Fairies in Prince Edward Island, John Hunter-Duvar /288
  • The Vale of the Gaspereau (from Masque of Minstrels), Arthur J. Lockhart /290
  • In the Afternoon (from In Divers Tones), Charles G.D. Roberts /291
  • A Dream Fulfilled, Barry Straton /294
  • The Isle of Demons (from Marguerite), George Martin /297
  • The Secret of the Saguenay (from Fleur de Lys), Arthur Weir /303
  • Saguenay, L.H. Fréchette, tr. J.D. Edgar /306
  • Quebec (from St. Lawrence and Saguenay), Charles Sangster /307
  • Montreal, William M'Lennan /308
  • Montreal, William Douw Lighthall /309
  • The St. Lawrence, K.L. Jones /310
  • Night in the Thousand Isles (from St. Lawrence and Saguenay), Charles Sangster /312
  • Ottawa, Duncan Campbell Scott /314
  • At the Ferry, E. Pauline Johnson /315
  • Niagara, William Kirby /317
  • Lake Couchiching, W.A. Sherwood /320
  • The Heart of the Lakes (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /321
  • Vapour and Blue (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /322
  • Medwayosh (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /323
  • Manitou (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /324
  • To the Lakes (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /326
  • The Legend of Restless River (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /327
  • Morning on the Beach (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /330
  • Dawn in the Island Camp (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /331
  • Lake Huron (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /332
  • Indian Summer (from Lake Lyrics), William Wilfred Campbell /333
  • Sault Ste. Marie (from Poems of the Heart and Home), Pamela Vining Yule /334
  • Le Lac des Morts (from Songs of the Wilderness), Bishop George J. Mountain /337
  • The Buffalo Plains (from Tecumseh, Act IV, Scene 7), Charles Mair /339
  • The Last Bison, Charles Mair /342
  • A Prairie Year (from Eos: A Prairie Dream), Nicholas Flood Davin
    Nicholas Flood Davin
    Nicholas Flood Davin Nicholas Flood Davin was a lawyer, journalist and politician, born at Kilfinane, Ireland. The first MP for Assiniboia West , Davin was known as the voice of the North-West....

     /349
  • The Laurentides (from Western Life), H.R.A. Pocock /352
  • The Legend of Thunder (from Western Life), H.R.A. Pocock /357


IX. Seasons
  • Heat (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman
    Archibald Lampman
    Archibald Lampman, was a Canadian poet. "He has been described as 'the Canadian Keats;' and he is perhaps the most outstanding exponent of the Canadian school of nature poets." The Canadian Encyclopedia says that he is "generally considered the finest of Canada's late 19th-century poets in...

     /369
  • To a Humming-bird in a Garden, George Murray /371
  • In the Golden Birch, Elizabeth Gostwycke Roberts /374
  • The Fir Woods, Charles G.D. Roberts /376
  • Clouds (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman /377
  • Frogs, Charles G.D. Roberts /378
  • Twilight (from Jephthah's Daughter), Charles Heavysege
    Charles Heavysege
    Charles Heavysege was a Canadian poet and dramatist. "He was one of the first serious poets to emerge in Canada, and his play Saul was hailed on its appearance as the greatest verse drama in English since the time of Shakespeare." -Life and Writing:Born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England,...

     /379
  • The Whip-Poor-Will, "Fidelis" /380
  • A Canadian Summer Evening (from Poems), Mrs. Leprohon
    Rosanna Eleanor Leprohon
    Rosanna Eleanor Leprohon , born Rosanna Eleanor Mullins, was a Canadian writer and poet. She was "one of the first English-Canadian writers to depict French Canada in a way that earned the praise of, and resulted in her novels being read by, both anglophone and francophone Canadians."-Life:Leprohon...

     /382
  • Evening on the Marshes, Barry Straton /383
  • The Fire-Flies (from Dreamland), Charles Mair /385
  • Midsummer Night (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman /387
  • The Autumn Tree (from Jephthah's Daughter), Charles Heavysege /388
  • In Apple Time, Bliss Carman /389
  • The Aurora Borealis, John E. Logan ("Barry Dane") /390
  • The Maple (from Orion), Charles G.D. Roberts /391
  • October (from Poems and Songs), Alexander M'Lachlan /392
  • First Snow, Jean-Talon L'Espérance ("Laclède") /394
  • Indian Summer, Mrs. Susanna (Strickland) Moodie /396
  • Indian Summer (from Voices from the Hearth), Isidore G. Ascher /397
  • An Indian Summer Carol, "Fidelis" /399
  • To Winter (from Orion), Charles G.D. Roberts /401
  • A Mid-Winter Night's Dream (from Snowflakes and Sunbeams), William Wilfred Campbell /404
  • Winter Night (from Jephthah's Daughter), Charles Heavysege /405
  • Carnations in Winter, Bliss Carman /406
  • Icicle Drops, Arthur John Lockhart /407
  • The Silver Frost, Barry Straton /409
  • The Jewelled Trees, George Martin /411
  • March (from Old Spooks's Pass), Isabella Valancy Crawford /413
  • The Winds, John E. Logan ("Barry Lane") /417
  • April (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman /421
  • In Lyric Season, Bliss Carman /424
  • An Old Lesson from the Fields (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman /425
  • The Frogs (from In the Millet), Archibald Lampman /426
  • Bobolink (from Poems and Songs), Alexander M'Lachlan /429
  • The Canadian Song-Sparrow, J.D. Edgar /431
  • In June, E.W. Thomson /432


Appendix
  • I. The Old Chansons of the French Province /437
  • II. Leading Modern French-Canadian Poets /440
  • Notes Biographical and Bibliographical /449
  • Note of Thanks /464

External links

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