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Solovetsky Monastery

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	Topics Solovetsky Monastery Topic Home Solovetsky Monastery was the greatest citadelCitadel A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes with a castle in its middle.... of ChristianityChristianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New... in the Russian North before being turned into a special Soviet prison and labor camp (1926–1939), which served as a prototype for the GULAGGulag Gulag is an acronym for ??????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ? ???????, "Glavnoye... system. Situated on the Solovetsky IslandsSolovetsky Islands Solovetsky Islands, also known as Solovki, are a group of islands in the White Sea in the Onega Bay.... in the White SeaWhite Sea The White Sea is an inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia.... , the monasteryFacts About Monastery Monastery, a term derived from the Greek word ??ast????? monasterion, denotes the habitation-and-workplace of a communit... braved many changes of fortune and military sieges. Its most important structures date from the 16th century, when Filip Kolychev was its hegumenHegumen Hegumen, hegumenos, or ihumen is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church, similar t... . History Solovetsky Monastery was founded in the late 1429 by monkMonk A monk is a person who practices asceticism, the conditioning of mind and body in favor of the spirit.... s Gherman (Herman) and SavvatiySavvatiy Savvatiy was one of the founders of the Solovetsky Monastery.... (Sabbatius) of Kirillo-Belozersky MonasteryKirillo-Belozersky Monastery The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, properly translated in English as the Assumption monastery of St Cyril, used to be the... . In the 15th and 16th centuries, when Novgorodian Marfa BoretskayaMarfa Boretskaya Marfa Boretskaya was the wife of Isak Boretsky, Novgorod's posadnik.... donated her lands at KemiKemi Kemi is a town and municipality of Finland.... and SumaSuma Suma may mean:* the Suma people, bison hunters and traders that lived in Mexico and Texas... to the monastery in 1450, the monastery quickly enlarged its estateEstate (house) An estate comprises the houses and outbuildings and supporting farmland and woods that surround the gardens and grounds of a... , which was situated on the shores of the White Sea and the rivers falling into it. Solovetsky Monastery extended its producing and commercial activity, becoming an economic and political center of the White Sea region. Archmandrites of the monastery were appointed by the tsarTsar Tsar , occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term des... himself and the patriarchPatriarch For other senses, see Patriarch.Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias... . Peter the Great visited the Solovki in 1694. Solovetsky Monastery's "business" activity included saltworks (in the 1660s, it owned 54 of them), seafoodSeafood Summary Seafood is any sea animal or seaweed that is served as food or is suitable for eating.... production, trappingTrapping (Animal) The human activity of animal trapping has two separate but related meanings.... , fisheryFishery A fishery is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing.... , micaMica The mica group of sheet silicate minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage.... works, ironworksIronworks An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and/or steel products are ... , pearlPearl A pearl is a hard, rounded object produced by certain animals, primarily mollusks such as oysters.... works etc., which had engaged many people dependent on the monastery. By the 17th century, Solovetsky Monastery had already had some 350 monks, 600-700 servants, artisanArtisan An artisan, also called a craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.... s and peasantPeasant A peasant, from 15th century French pasant meaning one from the pays, the countryside or region, is an agricultural ... s. In the 1650s and 1660s, the monastery was one of the strongholdStronghold A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structure.... s of the RaskolRaskol Raskol was the event of splitting of the Russian Orthodox Church into the official church and the Old Believers movement in ... . The Solovetsky Monastery UprisingSolovetsky Monastery Uprising Solovetsky Monastery Uprising was an anti-feudal uprising in the Solovetsky Monastery in 1668-1676.... of 1668–1676 was aimed at NikonFacts About Patriarch Nikon Nikon, born Nikita Minin, was the seventh patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church.... 's ecclesiastic reform and took on an anti-feudal nature. In 1765, Solovetsky Monastery became stauropegicStauropegic Stauropegic or stauropegial is an epithet applied to the monasteries subordinated directly to the Patriarch or Synod.... (from the GreekGreek language Greek has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language within the Indo-European family.... stauros meaning "crossCross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars intersecting each other at a 90 angle, dividing one or two ... " and pegio meaning "to affirm"), i.e. it subordinated directly to the SynodSynod A synod is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or app... . Together with the Sumskoy and KemskyKem (town) Kem is a historic town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the railroad leading from Petrozavodsk to Murmansk.... stockadeStockade A stockade is an enclosure of palisades and tall walls made of logs placed side by side vertically with the tops sharpened t... s, Solovetsky Monastery represented an important frontierFrontier Summary United StatesIn the United States, the frontier was the term applied to the zone of unsettled land outside the region of ex... fortress with dozens of cannonCannon A cannon is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance.... s and a strong garrisonGarrison Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now oft... . In the 16th to 17th centuries, the monastery succeeded a number of times in repelling the attacks of the Livonian Brothers of the SwordLivonian Brothers of the Sword The Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Livonian Order was a military order organized in 1202 by Albert of Buxhoeveden a... and the SwedesSweden The Kingdom of Sweden is a Nordic country in Scandinavia.... (in 1571, 1582 and 1611). During the Crimean WarCrimean War The Crimean War lasted from 28 March 1853 until 1 April 1856 and was fought between Imperial Russia on one side and an allia... , Solovetsky Monastery was attacked by three EnglishFacts About England England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... ships. After 9 hours of shelling on the 6th and 7th July, the vesselShip A ship is a large, sea-going watercraft.... s left with nothing. Between the 16th and the early 20th centuries, the monastery was also a place of exileExile Exile can be a form of punishment, or a self-imposed leaving of ones homeland.... for the opponents of autocracyAutocracy An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a single individual.... and official OrthodoxyOrthodoxy The word *orthodoxy, from the Greek ortho* and doxa, is typically used to refer to the correct theological or doct... and a center of ChristianizationChristianization this is complete bull shit christianism iscomplete bull shitThe historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of... in the north of RussiaRussia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... . The monastery also had a huge depository of manuscriptManuscript A manuscript is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way.... s and old books. The pride of the monks was the monastery´s garden which had many exotic flora, such as the Tibetan wild roses presented to the monks by Agvan Dorzhij, a famous Buryatian lama who was a member of Tibetan Karshog (Government) during the days of the Great 13th Dalai LamaDalai Lama In Tibetan Buddhism, the successive Dalai Lamas form a tulku lineage of Gelugpa leaders which trace back to 1391.... . After the Bolshevik Revolution, the Soviet authorities closed down the monastery and incorporated many of the buildings into SolovkiSolovki Solovki is a shortened name for the Solovetsky Islands, White Sea, Russia.... , one of the earliest forced-labor camps of the GULAGGulag Gulag is an acronym for ??????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ? ???????, "Glavnoye... during the 1920s and 1930s. The camp was mainly used for cutting trees, and when the trees were gone, the camp was closed. Before the Second World War, a sea cadet school was opened on the island. Layout The architectural ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery is located on the shores of the Prosperity Bay (????? ????????????) on Solovetsky Island. The territory of the Solovetsky Monastery is surrounded by massive walls (height 8 to 11 m, thickness 4 to 6 m) with 7 gates and 8 towers (built in 1584–1594 by an architectArchitect An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a building's construction.... named Trifon), made mainly of huge boulderBoulder In geology, a boulder is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 256 mm diameter.... s up to 5 m in length. There are also religious buildings on the monastery's grounds (the principal ones are interconnected with roofed and arched passages), surrounded by multiple household buildings and living quarters, including a refectoryRefectory Overview A refectory is a dining room, especially in monasteries, boarding schools and academic institutions.... (a 500 m²Square metre The square meter is the SI derived unit of area, with symbol m².... chamberChamber Chamber may refer to:Chambers of commerce, a business network with local, regional, national, international and bi-lateral... ) with the Uspensky CathedralCathedral A cathedral* is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican... (built in 1552-1557), Preobrazhensky Cathedral (1556–1564), Church of AnnunciationAnnunciation In Christianity, the Annunciation is the revelation to Mary, the mother of Jesus by the archangel Gabriel that she would con... (1596–1601), stone chambers (1615), watermillWatermill A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber producti... (early 17th century), bell towerBell tower A tower containing one or more bells, typically part of a church is a bell tower; attached to a city hall or other civil bui... (1777), and Church of Nicholas (1834). Today, the Solovetsky Monastery is a historical and architectural museumMuseum A *museum* is typically a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, whi... . It was one of the first Russian sites to have been inscribed in the UNESCOUNESCO UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945.... World Heritage List. A small brothership of monks appeared in the monastery again and now it has about ten monks. During last several years the monastery was strongly repaired, but it is still under reconstruction. External links Photo album at NYPL Digital Gallery WebcamWebcam A web camera is a real-time camera whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web, instant messaging, or a PC video ... s: