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Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
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HistoryBetween 1928–1974, the Kemayoran Airfield intended for domestic flights was considered too close to an Indonesian military airfield, Halim Perdanakusuma. The civil airspace in the area became narrow, while air traffic increased rapidly, which risked international air traffic. In 1969, a Senior Communication Officers meeting in Bangkok expressed this concern.
In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang airspace was chosen and it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile the Indonesian government started to upgrade the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield to be used for domestic flights.
Between 1974–1975, a Canadian consultant consortium consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974 with a total cost of 1 million Canadian Dollars. The one-year project proceed with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, a perforated road, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975–1981 with a cost of US$ 465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 with a cost of US$ 126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng (code: JIA-C), began.
Project Phases1975 – 1977
To dispense the land and also set up the province border was time needed. Schipol, Amsterdam was asked for opinion which according to them is rather expensive and over design. The cost raised up high because of using decentralization system. The Centralization system was a suitable one.
The Team decided on a decentralization system like the one used at Orly West Airfield, Lyon Satolas,, Langen-Hagen-Hanover and Kansas City Airport module system was adopted because it is simple and effective.
12 November 1976
The building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.
18 May 1977
The Final contract design was agreed on by the Indonesian Government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner.
The result was:
• 2 inline runways including taxiways
• Perforate roads: 1 at the east, another at the west for airport services. The west was closed to public use.
• 3 terminals which can accommodate 3 million passengers per year.
• 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic.
• An Airport inside a garden was selected as an image.
20 May 1980
A four year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya as the developer. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the JIA-C Project Director, responsible for the airport's construction.
1 December 1980
The Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384,8 billion with developers. The structure cost would be: Rp. 140,450,513,000 from APBN (national budget), 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$ 15,898,251 from the USA.
1 December 1984
The airport structure was complete.
1 May 1985
The second terminal was started and launched on 11 May 1992.
Volume of PassengersThis table was based on data from the Airport Council International organization. These statistics are from the movements of passengers, freight and aircraft in CGK.
| Year | Passenger
Movements | Air-freight
(tons) | Aircraft
Movements |
|---|
| 2001 | 11,818,047 | 281,765 | 123,540 | | 2002 | 14,830,994 | 306,252 | 144,765 | | 2003 | 19,702,902 | 310,131 | 186,695 | | 2004 | 26,083,267 | 322,582 | 233,501 | | 2005 | 27,947,482 | 336,113 | 241,846 | | 2006 | 30,863,806 | 384,050 | 250,303 |
TerminalsTerminal 1Terminal 1 is only for domestic flights except Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines as they operate their domestic flights in Terminal 2. This terminal has 3 sub-terminal. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates.
Terminal 2Terminal 2 operates international flights as well as domestic flights of Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines only. Terminal 2 has 3 sub-terminals. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates.
Terminal 3Terminal 3 plans to operate low-cost carriers. The terminal would be different from Terminal 1 and 2. It would also be able to operate A380 aircraft. It will be finished in September-October 2008.
Terminal 4Terminal 4 is opposite of Terminal 3. It is in Phase 2.
Airlines and destinationsThe following airlines operate from (Jakarta) Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (as of July 2008):
Passenger Terminals Airlines that operates flights in and out of Soekarno Hatta International Airport Passenger Terminals | Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|
AirAsia
| Kuala LumpurBangkok-Suvarnabhumi | 2 | | Air China | Beijing, Xiamen | 2 | | Batavia Air (International) | Guangzhou, Kuching | 2 | | Batavia Air (Domestic) | Ambon, Bali, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Jambi, Kupang, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Tarakan, Yogyakarta | 1 | | Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong | 2 | | Cebu Pacific | Manila | 2 | | China Airlines | Hong Kong, Taipei-Taoyuan | 2 | | China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou | 2 | | Emirates Airline | Colombo [ends October 1], Dubai, Kuala Lumpur [ends October 1], Singapore [ends October 1] | 2 | | Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi | 2 | | EVA Air | Taipei-Taoyuan | 2 | | Garuda Indonesia (Domestic) | Bali, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Batam, Biak, Jayapura, Makassar, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Timika, Yogyakarta | 2 | | Garuda Indonesia (International) | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Perth, Riyadh, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita | 2 | | Indonesia AirAsia (Domestic) | Bali, Balikpapan, Batam, Medan, Padang, Solo, Surabaya | 1 | | Indonesia AirAsia (International) | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu [ends 25 August 2008], Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Penang | 2 | | Japan Airlines | Tokyo-Narita | 2 | | Jetstar | Perth [begins December 2008] | 2 | | Kartika Airlines | Baikpapan, Batam, Medan, Surabaya, Tarakan | 1 | | KLM Royal Dutch Airlines | Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur | 2 | | Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon | 2 | | Kuwait Airways | Kuwait, Kuala Lumpur | 2 | | Lion Air (Domestic) | Ambon, Bali, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bau Bau, Bengkulu, Bima, Gorontalo, Jambi, Kaimana, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Padang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Sorong, Sumbawa, Surabaya, Tahuna, Tarakan, Tual, Yogyakarta | 1 | | Lion Air (International) | Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Penang | 2 | | Lufthansa | Frankfurt, Singapore | 2 | | Mandala Airlines | Bali, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Batam, Makassar, Malang, Medan, Padang, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Surabaya, Tarakan, Yogyakarta | 1 | | Merpati Nusantara Airlines | Kuala Lumpur & domestic routes | 2 | | Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur | 2 | | Philippine Airlines | Manila, Singapore | 2 | | Qatar Airways | Doha, Singapore | 2 | | Qantas | Perth [ends December 2008], Sydney | 2 | | Royal Brunei Airlines | Bandar Seri Begawan | 2 | | Saudi Arabian Airlines | Dammam, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Riyadh, Singapore | 2 | | Shenzhen Airlines | Nanning | 2 | | Singapore Airlines | Singapore | 2 | | Sriwijaya Air | Bali, Balikpapan, Banda Anceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jambi, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Malang, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang, Tarakan | 1 | | Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | 2 | | Valuair | Singapore | 2 | | Viva Macau | Macau | 2 | | Wings Air | Bali, Fak Fak, Luwuk, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Sorong, Ternate, Solo, Yogyakarta | 1 | | Yemenia | Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Sana’a | 2 |
Past airlines and routesthis section needs massive expansion.
Past international airlines with its destinations
International airlines still in operations with its terminated routes- Cathay Pacific (Singapore)
- Garuda Indonesia (Abu Dhabi, Amsterdam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Berlin-Tegel, Brussels, Cairo, Dammam, Frankfurt, Honolulu, Kota Kinabalu, London-Gatwick, Los Angeles, Madrid-Barajas, Manila, Munich, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, Rome-Fiumicino, Sydney, Vienna, Zurich)
- Japan Airlines (Bali, Osaka-Kansai)
- Kartika Airlines (Ipoh)
- KLM (Singapore)
- Lufthansa (Bangkok-Don Mueang)
- Malaysia Airlines (Penang)
- Qantas (Brisbane, Singapore)
- Thai Airways International (Singapore)
Terminal 3Terminal 3 is going to have 5 piers, and each pier has a capacity of 4 million. After Terminal 3 is built, the capacity of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport will be 38 million passengers from currently 18 million.
Terminal 3 Phase I (Pier 1) is currently under construction. When it is completed, Terminal 3 would be dedicated for low cost carriers and A380. Terminal 3 Phase I is under construction and will be finished in September-October 2008. Rendering can be found here . Currently Terminal 3 serves hajj pilgrimage flights and transnational migrant laborers.
In the newest masterplan, the airport will have 2 phases of development. Phase 1 development is to build the Terminal 3 and lengthen Runway 2 to 4,000 m. Phase 2 development is to build Terminal 4 and the third runway (4,000 m). A new elevated train that will connect the airport to the city is also included in the phase 1 development .
Airport FacilitiesSoekarno-Hatta International provides many facilities for the passengers' convenience and during transit. Some of the facilities it provides are:
- Automated teller machines (ATM).
- Bank and bureau de change.
- GMF AeroAsia's hangers
- Postal and Telecommunication service.
- Internet cafe.
- Medical Care Clinic.
- Tourist information
- Hotel and taxi booking facilities.
- Transit hotel.
- Lost and found
- Numerous shops and galleries at both terminals including a duty-free, gift shop, newsagents and book shops.
- Prayer rooms.
Before first security check (before check in counters) the airport has many foods and beverages counters spread along the area, including A&W, McDonalds, and many more.
Disabled passengers traveling though CGK have many facilities ready for them. Both terminals have toilets specially designed for the disabled and elevators. Airlines if told in advance can provide wheelchairs for disabled passengers.
The airport was designed to resemble the traditional Javanese house called Rumah Joglo and it was combined with a beautifully maintained garden located in every boarding area inside the airport.
LoungesThere are four first and business Lounges at the Transit Lounge in the departure area. Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Lufthansa, Eva Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines and Singapore Airlines.
Pura Indah Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Cathay Pacific and China Airlines.
Aerowisata Catering Services (ACS) first executive lounge, available only for international passengers of Garuda Indonesia. It also welcomes for GECC Cardholder.
The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for GA's business class passengers only, as well as GECC cardholder. This lounge is the most comprehensive lounge facility at the airport, including meeting room, shower facilities, quiet room and many more.
Beside these primary lounges, there are also other lounges that can be used as complimentary from many banks for their cardholders. Cafes can be found as well, including Starbucks.
Ground TransportationSoekarno-Hatta International Airport provides a shuttle bus which connects Terminal 1 and 2. CGK also provides parking lots however passengers should be noted that these parking lots are often over capacity.
Depending on traffic, Soekarno-Hatta is a 30 minute drive from Jakarta's city center. Currently a DAMRI Shuttle Bus route links CGK to Rawamangun, Blok M/Kebayoran, Gambir, Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Taxis are provided and is about 30 to 45 minutes into center city Jakarta. Car rental is provided by Avis, Bluebird, Goldenbird and Europcar.
PT RaiLink, subsidiary of PT KA plans to connect Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to Manggarai station by train service. The elevated train service construction started in March 2008 and finished in June 2009.
It is strongly recommended that you allow at least one hour to get to the airport from central Jakarta. If you are leaving the city after 4pm on any day, but especially a Friday, allow 90 minutes. Arriving into Jakarta from other cities you should plan to arrive after 9am so that you miss the heavy traffic. Morning commute from airport to the city can be as much as 2 to 3 hours depending on rain, inundation, incidents, roadworks or the toll operators randomly changing the payment methods or on/off ramp configurations. Furthermore, there is only one toll road servicing the airport, and as such you could miss your flight or be unavoidably delayed if not taking all these things into consideration.
ProblemsThis airport has experienced many problems. In terminal 1 (domestic), the airport often exceeds its capacity. This forces passengers to stand while waiting for their departure time. Currently the airport serves over 30 million passengers per annum whereas it was only designed for 18 million passengers per annum. In both terminals, some of the restrooms are in very poor condition.
The most recent problem is flooding. In recent years two cases of flooding stranded thousands of passengers at the airport. The only road to the airport got flooded so no vehicles can get through the tollway, with exceptions such as trucks and buses. Right now, there is a solution to this problem that is being researched by PT Jasa Marga Tbk.. The solution is to build a bridge over the last flood's water level so that the tollway will not be flooded again.
It seems that the 'bridge' project is now a dyke project. In June 2008 Jakarta was again threatened by seasonal tidal floods. Weather forecasters were predicting the worst tidal floods in 180 years. However only minor flooding was seen and the partly completed barriers seems to have some impact on keeping the road open.
At this stage (June 2008) the road seems to be some 2 metres below the top of the barrier, not very comforting at all. One wonders if the planners have decided that the 'one in a hundred years' floods, of which Jakarta has had at least 3 in the past 10 years, will not come again.
Areas further inland from the airport reported flooding at least 1 metre higher than ever before and many low laying homes were flooded almost to the ceiling. Most of this internal flooding (only 5 km from the airport) seems to be the result of unchecked residential development where there has been scant regard for the impact on existing areas and certainly without any improvements to the infrastructure.
PicturesExternal links
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