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Sodium hydrosulfide

 

 
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Sodium hydrosulfide
 
 
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Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
  with the formula NaHS. This compound is the product of the half -neutralization of hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence....
 with a sodium-derived base. NaHS is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. It is a colorless solid that typically smells like H2S due to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. In contrast with Na2S, which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaHS, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.






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Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
  with the formula NaHS. This compound is the product of the half -neutralization of hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence....
 with a sodium-derived base. NaHS is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. It is a colorless solid that typically smells like H2S due to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. In contrast with Na2S, which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaHS, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble. Alternatively, in place of NaHS, H2S can be treated with an organic amine to generate an ammonium
Ammonium

The ammonium cation is a positively electric charge polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by protonation of ammonia ....
 salt. Solutions of SH- are sensitive to oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
, converting mainly to polysulfide
Polysulfide

Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds containing chains of sulfur atoms. In their simplest form, polysulfides are anions with the general formula Sn2- and the structure -SSn-2S-....
s, indicated by the appearance of yellow.

Structure and properties

Crystalline NaHS undergoes two phase transition
Phase transition

In thermodynamics, a phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another.At phase-transition point, physical properties may undergo abrupt change- for instance, volume of the two phases may be vastly different....
s. At temperatures above 360K, NaHS adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the HS- behaves as a spherical anion due to its rapid rotation leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions. Below 360K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the HS- sweeps out a discoidal shape. Below 114K, the structure becomes monoclinic. The analogous rubidium and potassium compounds behave similarly.

NaHS has a relatively low melting point of 350 °C. In addition to the aforementioned anhydrous forms, it can be obtained as two different hydrates, NaHS.2H2O and NaHS.3H2O. These three species are all colorless and behave similarly, but not identically.

Preparation

The usual laboratory synthesis entails treatment of NaOMe
Methoxide

Methoxide is an organic salt, and the simplest alkoxide.In Organic chemistry, the methoxide ion has a formula of CH3O- and is the conjugate base of methanol....
 with hydrogen sulfide:
NaOMe + H2S ? NaHS + MeOH
Industrially, NaOH is employed as the base. The quality of the NaHS can be assayed by iodometric titration, exploiting the ability of HS– to reduce I2.

Applications

Thousands of tons of NaHS are produced annually. Its main uses are in paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the Kraft process
Kraft process

The kraft process describes a technology for conversion of wood into wood pulp consisting of almost pure cellulose fibers. The process entails treatment of wood chips with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide that break the bonds that link lignin to the cellulose....
, as a flotation
Froth flotation

Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. This is used in several processing industries. Historically this was first used in the mining industry....
 agent in copper mining
Copper extraction

Currently, the most common source of copper ore is the mineral chalcopyrite , which accounts for about 50% of copper production. The focus of this article is on the process of copper extraction from chalcopyrite ore into pure metal....
 where it is used to activate oxide mineral
Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through Geology processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties....
 species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.