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Sodium bromide

 
Sodium Bromide

 
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Sodium bromide
 
 
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Sodium bromide, also known as sedoneural is a salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
 with the formula Na
Sodium

Sodium is an element which has the symbol Na , atomic number 11, atomic mass 23 amu , and a common oxidation number +1. Sodium is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive element and is a member of the alkali metals within "group 1" ....
Br
Bromine

Bromine , , meaning "stench " ), is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown Volatility liquid at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine....
, widely used as an anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsant

The anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmacology used in the treatment of epilepsy seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers....
 and a sedative
Sedative

A sedative is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.At higher doses it may result in slurred speech, staggering gait , poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes....
 in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion (potassium bromide
Potassium bromide

Potassium bromide is a salt , widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion ....
 is equally effective). It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride
Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion.

is widely used in organic synthesis
Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic_chemistry molecules can often contain a higher level of complexity compared to purely Inorganic_chemistry compounds, so the synthesis of organic compounds has developed into one of the most im...
 as a nucleophile
Nucleophile

In chemistry, a nucleophile is a reagent that forms a chemical bond to its reaction partner by donating both bonding electrons. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases ....
 to convert organochlorine compounds to organobromine derivatives, which are more usefully (selectively) reactive.
NaBr + RCl ? RBr + NaCl


Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 bromine
Bromine

Bromine , , meaning "stench " ), is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown Volatility liquid at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine....
.






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Sodium bromide, also known as sedoneural is a salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
 with the formula Na
Sodium

Sodium is an element which has the symbol Na , atomic number 11, atomic mass 23 amu , and a common oxidation number +1. Sodium is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive element and is a member of the alkali metals within "group 1" ....
Br
Bromine

Bromine , , meaning "stench " ), is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown Volatility liquid at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine....
, widely used as an anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsant

The anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmacology used in the treatment of epilepsy seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers....
 and a sedative
Sedative

A sedative is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.At higher doses it may result in slurred speech, staggering gait , poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes....
 in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion (potassium bromide
Potassium bromide

Potassium bromide is a salt , widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion ....
 is equally effective). It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride
Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
. It is a widely used source of the bromide ion.

Principal chemical reactions

NaBr is widely used in organic synthesis
Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic_chemistry molecules can often contain a higher level of complexity compared to purely Inorganic_chemistry compounds, so the synthesis of organic compounds has developed into one of the most im...
 as a nucleophile
Nucleophile

In chemistry, a nucleophile is a reagent that forms a chemical bond to its reaction partner by donating both bonding electrons. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases ....
 to convert organochlorine compounds to organobromine derivatives, which are more usefully (selectively) reactive.
NaBr + RCl ? RBr + NaCl


Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 bromine
Bromine

Bromine , , meaning "stench " ), is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown Volatility liquid at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine....
. This can be accomplished by bubbling chlorine
Chlorine

Chlorine...
 gas through an aqueous solution of NaBr. As a source of HBr
HBR

As a three letter acronym, HBR can be:*the former List of IOC country codes 3-letter country code for British Honduras*Harvard Business Review...
, NaBr is treated with a strong, non-volatile acid:
NaBr + H3PO4 ? HBr + NaH2PO4
HBr can also be oxidized to Br2 using MnO2 or concentrated H2SO4
Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
.

Other applications

  • as a hypnotic
    Hypnotic

    Hypnotic drugs induce sleep, used in the treatment of insomnia and in surgical anesthesia. Because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects, ranging from anxiolysis to production of unconsciousness, they are often referred to collectively as sedative-hypnotic drugs....
    , anticonvulsant
    Anticonvulsant

    The anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmacology used in the treatment of epilepsy seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers....
    , and sedative
    Sedative

    A sedative is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.At higher doses it may result in slurred speech, staggering gait , poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes....
     in medicine
    Medicine

    Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
    . As a source of the bromide ion, which is pharmacologically active, it is equivalent to potassium bromide
    Potassium bromide

    Potassium bromide is a salt , widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion ....
     (see this article for more complete discussion of this topic).
  • in photography
    Photography

    Photography is the process, activity and art of creating still or moving by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as a photographic film, or an ....
  • to establish a bromide
    Bromide

    A bromide ion is a bromine atom with electric charge of -1.Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides, and each individual chemical in this class can be called a bromide, as well....
     ion
    Ion

    An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
     reserve in a bromine
    Bromine

    Bromine , , meaning "stench " ), is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown Volatility liquid at Standard conditions for temperature and pressure that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine....
     spa (hot tub
    Hot tub

    File:Keystone Day 1 Photo 96.jpgA hot tub is a large home-made or manufactured tub or small pool full of heated water and used for soaking, Recreation, massage, or hydrotherapy....
    ) antimicrobial treatment regimen.


Safety

NaBr is harmful if swallowed or inhaled in large amounts, affecting the central nervous system, brain, and eyes (see potassium bromide
Potassium bromide

Potassium bromide is a salt , widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion ....
). The chemical compound causes irritation to the skin, eyes and respiratory system.

External links

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