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Sodium bicarbonate

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	Sodium bicarbonate
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	Topics Sodium bicarbonate Topic Home Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compoundChemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a ... with the formula NaHCO₃. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalFacts About Crystal In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regular... line but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slight alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda. It is a component of the mineral natronNatron Natron is a white, crystalline hygroscopic mineral salt, primarily a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate with... and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. The natural mineral form is known as nahcoliteNahcolite Nahcolite, NaHCO3, is a soft, colourless or white carbonate mineral also called sodium bicarbonate, Baking Soda or Thermo... . It is also produced artificially. Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, bicarbonate of soda. Colloquially, its name is shortened to *sodium bicarb. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus* meaning "aerated saltSalt In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of cations and anions so that the product is neutral .... ", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonatePotassium bicarbonate *Potassium bicarbonate, is a colorless, odorless, slightly basic, salty substance.... . The term has now fallen out of common usage. History The ancient Egyptians used natural deposits of natronNatron Natron* is a white, crystalline hygroscopic mineral salt, primarily a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate with... , a mixture consisting mostly of sodium carbonateSodium carbonate Sodium carbonate, , is a sodium salt of carbonic acid.... decahydrate and sodium bicarbonate. The natron was used as a cleansing agent like soapSOAP Summary SOAP is a protocol for exchanging XML-based messages over a computer network, normally using [].... . In 1791 a French chemist produced sodium bicarbonate, as we know it today. But it was only in 1846 that two New York bakers, John Dwight and Austin Church, developed the process of making baking soda from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Summary Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... . Each started a company, and the two companies later merged to form Church & Dwight, the makers of Arm & HammerArm & Hammer Arm & Hammer is a registered trademark of Church and Dwight, an American manufacturer of household products.... baking soda. Production NaHCO₃ is mainly prepared by the Solvay processSolvay process The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process used in the productio... , which is the reaction of calcium carbonateFacts About Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3.... , sodium chlorideSodium chloride Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl.... , ammoniaAmmonia Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.... , and carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... in water. It is produced on the scale of about 100,000 ton/year (as of 2001). NaHCO₃ may be obtained by the reaction of carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide , also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base.... . The initial reaction produces sodium carbonateSodium carbonate Overview Sodium carbonate, , is a sodium salt of carbonic acid.... : CO₂ + 2NaOH ? Na₂CO₃ + H₂O Further addition of carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... produces sodium bicarbonate, which at sufficiently high concentration will precipitate out of solution: Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O ? 2NaHCO₃ Commercial quantities of baking soda are also produced by a similar method: soda ash, mined in the form of the ore tronaTrona Trona, hydrated sodium bicarbonate carbonate, is an evaporite mineral.... , is dissolved in water and treated with carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates as a solid from this method: Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O ? 2NaHCO₃ Chemistry Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound. It has a pK_a of 6.3 in water which causes aqueous solutions to be mildly alkaline: HCO₃^- + H₂O ? H₂CO₃ + OH^-Hydroxide Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen:... Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a wash to remove any acidic impurities from a "crude" liquid, producing a more pure sample. Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acidAcid Overview An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH of less ... to give a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water: NaHCO₃ + HCl ? NaCl + H₂CO₃ H₂CO₃ ? H₂O + CO₂ Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid: NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOHAcetic acid Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour ... ? CH₃COONaSodium acetate Sodium acetate, also known as sodium ethanoate, is used in a number of industries:... + H₂O + CO₂ (gas) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with baseBase (chemistry) DefinitionA base is a substance which has a free pair of electrons to bind a proton .... s: NaHCO₃ + NaOHSodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide , also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base.... ? Na₂CO₃ + H₂O Thermal decomposition Above 60 °C, it gradually decomposes into sodium carbonateSodium carbonate Sodium carbonate, , is a sodium salt of carbonic acid.... , waterWater Summary Water is a tasteless, odorless substance that is essential to all known forms of life and is known as the universal solve... and carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Overview Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... . The conversion is fast at 200 °C: 2NaHCO₃ ? Na₂CO₃Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate, , is a sodium salt of carbonic acid.... + H₂O + CO₂ Most bicarbonates undergo this dehydration reactionDehydration reaction In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule.... . Further heating converts the carbonate into the oxide (at around 1000°C): Na₂CO₃ ? Na₂OSodium oxide Sodium oxide has formula Na2O. It is also called sodium oxide, disodium oxide, sodium monoxide, and soda.... + CO₂ These conversions are relevant to the use of NaHCO₃ as a fire-suppression agent ("BC powder") in some dry powder fire extinguisherFire extinguisher A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device to extinguish or control a fire, often in emergency situations.... s. Applications Cooking Sodium bicarbonate is primarily used in cookingCooking Cooking is an act of preparing food for eating.... where it reacts with other components to release carbon dioxide, that helps doughDough Dough is a paste made out of any cereals or leguminous crops by grinding it with a small amount of water.... "rise". The acidic compounds that induce this reaction include phosphates, cream of tartar, lemon juiceLemon The lemon is a hybrid citrus tree of cultivated origin.... , yogurt, buttermilkButtermilk Buttermilk is the liquid left over after producing butter from full-cream milk by the churning process.... , cocoaCocoa Overview Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.... , vinegarVinegar Vinegar is a sour-tasting liquid made from the oxidation of ethanol in wine, cider, beer, fermented fruit juice, or nearly a... , etc., hence sodium bicarbonate can be substituted for baking powderFacts About Baking powder Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent used in baking.... provided sufficient acid reagent is also added to the recipe. Many forms of baking powderBaking powder Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent used in baking.... contain sodium bicarbonate combined with one or more acidic phosphates or cream of tartar. Neutralization of acids and bases Many laboratories keep a bottle of sodium bicarbonate powder within easy reach, because sodium bicarbonate is amphoteric, reacting with acids and basesPH pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution, in terms of activity of hydrogen ions .... . (See Chemistry) Furthermore, as it is relatively innocuous in most situations there is no harm in using excess sodium bicarbonate. Lastly, sodium bicarbonate powder may be used to smother a small fire. A wide variety of applications follow from its neutralization properties including ameliorating the effects of white phosphorus in incendiary bullets from spreading inside an afflicted soldier's wounds. Sodium bicarbonate can be added as a simple solution for raising the pH balance of water that has a high level of chlorine, such as in swimming pools and aquariums. Medical uses Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacidAntacid An antacid is any substance, generally a base, which counteracts stomach acidity.... to treat acid indigestionAcid indigestion Acid indigestion is a type of indigestion involving an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.... and heartburnHeartburn Heartburn or pyrosis is a painful or burning sensation in the esophagus, just below the breastbone caused by regurgit... An aqueous solution is administered intravenously for cases of acidosisAcidosis Overview Acidosis is an increased acidity of blood plasma.... , or when there is insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions in the blood. This compound has also been used as for patients who have had a ureterosigmoidostomyUreterosigmoidostomy A ureterosigmoidostomy is a surgical procedure where the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys, are diverted into the s... . Adverse reactions to emergency administration include congestive heart failureCongestive heart failure Congestive heart failure, also called congestive cardiac failure or just heart failure, is a condition that can ... , with edema secondary to sodium overload, and the metabolic complication of hyperosmolarity, metabolic alkalosisMetabolic alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of the blood is elevated beyond the normal range.... , and hypernatremia. As a cleaning agent A paste from baking soda can be very effective when used in cleaning and scrubbing. For cleaning of aluminium objects it is to be discouraged as it attacks the thin unreactive protective oxide layer of this otherwise very reactive metal. A solution in warm water will remove the tarnishFacts About Tarnish Tarnish is a layer of corrosion that develops over copper,... from silverSilver Overview Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag .... when the silver is in contact with a piece of aluminium foilAluminium foil Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets.... . Miscellanea Sodium bicarbonate is used in BC Dry Chemical fire extinguishers as an alternative to the corrosive ammonium phosphateAmmonium phosphate Ammonium phosphate. The normal ammonium phosphate,3PO4, is obtained as a crystalline powder, on mixing concentrated solution... in ABC extinguishers. The alkali nature of sodium bicarbonate makes it the only dry powder agent, besides Purple-KPurple-K Purple-K is a dry chemical fire suppression agent used in some dry powder fire extinguishers.... , allowed for use on commercial deep fat fryers. The agent forms a crust over the surface similar to the effects of a wet chemical. It is used in a process for cleaning paint called sodablastingSodablasting Sodablasting is a process where sodium bicarbonate is applied against a surface using compressed air.... . It can be used as a carbon sequestrationCarbon capture and storage Carbon capture and storage is an approach to mitigating climate change by capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources ... agent to trap carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms.... greenhouse gasGreenhouse gas Greenhouse gases are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the "greenhouse effect".... emissions in solid form, as one potential tool against global warmingGlobal warming Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans in recent decades.... . It can be administered to garden ponds to raise pH levels. See also NatronNatron Natron is a white, crystalline hygroscopic mineral salt, primarily a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate with... NahcoliteNahcolite Summary Nahcolite, NaHCO3, is a soft, colourless or white carbonate mineral also called sodium bicarbonate, Baking Soda or Thermo... List of mineralsList of minerals This is a List of minerals for which there are Wikipedia articles.... Carbonic acidCarbonic acid Carbonic acid is the only inorganic carbon acid, and has the formula H2CO3.... Further reading Bishop, D., J. Edge, C. Davis, and C. Goodman. Induced Metabolic AlkalosisAlkalosis Alkalosis refers to a condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma.... Affects Muscle Metabolism and Muscle Metabolism and Repeated-Sprint Ability. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 807-813, 2004. External links