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Society of Automotive Engineers
 
 
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SAE International (SAE) is a professional organization for mobility engineering professionals in the aerospace
Aerospace

Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding outer space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through Aircraft and Space exploration....
, automotive, and commercial vehicle
Vehicle

Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, vehiculum, are non-living means of transport. Most often they are manufactured , although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks....
 industries. The Society is a standards development organization for the engineering
Engineering

Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying Technology and science knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and process that safely realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria....
 of powered vehicle
Vehicle

Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, vehiculum, are non-living means of transport. Most often they are manufactured , although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks....
s of all kinds, including car
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
s, truck
Truck

File:Red truck USA.JPGA truck is a type of motor vehicle commonly used for carrying goods and materials. Some light trucks are relatively small, similar in size to a passenger automobile....
s, boat
Boat

A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water, and provide transport over it. Usually this water will be inland or in protected coastal areas....
s, aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
, and others. Membership is open to the public for those particularly interested in Human Factors and Ergonomic Standards.

History
In the early 20th century there were dozens of automobile manufacturers in the United States.






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SAE International (SAE) is a professional organization for mobility engineering professionals in the aerospace
Aerospace

Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding outer space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through Aircraft and Space exploration....
, automotive, and commercial vehicle
Vehicle

Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, vehiculum, are non-living means of transport. Most often they are manufactured , although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks....
 industries. The Society is a standards development organization for the engineering
Engineering

Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying Technology and science knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and process that safely realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria....
 of powered vehicle
Vehicle

Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, vehiculum, are non-living means of transport. Most often they are manufactured , although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks....
s of all kinds, including car
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
s, truck
Truck

File:Red truck USA.JPGA truck is a type of motor vehicle commonly used for carrying goods and materials. Some light trucks are relatively small, similar in size to a passenger automobile....
s, boat
Boat

A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water, and provide transport over it. Usually this water will be inland or in protected coastal areas....
s, aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
, and others. Membership is open to the public for those particularly interested in Human Factors and Ergonomic Standards.

History


In the early 20th century there were dozens of automobile manufacturers in the United States. Many of these manufacturers joined trade groups that allowed them to promote the industry and raise public awareness related to the automobile. A need for patent protection and the development of engineering standards emerged during this time.

Two magazine men of the era: Peter Heldt of The Horseless Age, and Horace Swetland of The Automobile advocated the creation of SAE. Heldt wrote an editorial in June 1902 in which he said, "Now there is a noticeable tendency for automobile manufacturers to follow certain accepted lines of construction, technical questions constantly arise which seek solution from the cooperation of the technical men connected with the industry. These questions could best be dealt with by a technical society. The field of activity for this society would be the purely technical side of automobiles." Likewise, Swetland used his editorial power to drum up support for the creation of an organization like SAE. Swetland went on to become one of the founding officers in the organization.

Starting out as the Society of Automobile Engineers in 1905, SAE's original purpose was to promote the use of standards in the nascent automobile industry (initially in the United States) and to promote the better interchange of ideas and expertise, in a similar manner to many other technical societies.

Although beginnings were modest with only 30 inaugural members (Andrew L. Riker
Andrew L. Riker

Andrew Lawrence Riker was an early automobile designer. He began experimenting with electric vehicles in 1884. He formed the Riker Electric Motor Company in 1888 to make electric motors, and 1898 formed the Riker Motor Vehicle Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey....
 was the inaugural president, and Henry Ford
Henry Ford

Henry Ford was the United States founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T History of the automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry....
 the inaugural vice-president), SAE's numbers grew steadily. Membership reached approximately 1800 by 1916, at which point the society expanded its mission to cover all forms of self-powered transport, including aircraft, boats, agricultural machinery, and others. The new word automotive (from Greek for autos, meaning "self" and motivus, meaning "of motion") was coined by the Society to describe all self-powered vehicles, and the name was changed. Other notable supporters of the new organization included Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb....
, Glenn Curtiss, Glenn Martin, and Orville Wright.

Charles Kettering presided over SAE during World War I and saw membership pass the 5,000 mark. During this time, SAE emphasized the importance of developing member activity through local chapters - called Sections.

After World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the Society established links with other standards bodies and automotive engineering societies worldwide, and since then has founded sections in a number of countries formerly lacking such organizations, including: Brasil, India, China, Russia, Romania, and Egypt.

By 1980 membership had grown to 35,000+. And today more than a quarter of the Society's membership today is from outside of North America.

Standards


SAE has established a number of standard
Standard

A technical standard is an established norm or requirement. It is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices....
s used in the automotive industry and elsewhere. The standards most familiar to the average American consumer probably include:

  • measuring automobile power in units of horsepower
    Horsepower

    Horsepower is the name of several non-International System of Units units of power . It was originally defined to allow the output of steam engines to be measured and compared with the power output of draft horses....
     (SAE Net Horsepower), which has been generally followed in the USA since the early 1970s
  • motor oil
    Motor oil

    Motor oil, or engine oil, is an oil used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. While the main function is to lubricate moving parts, motor oil also cleans, inhibits corrosion, improves sealing and engine cooling by carrying heat away from the moving parts....
     classification standards
  • tool measurement sizes
  • Modern vehicles are equipped with a diagnostic system known as On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD II). If a malfunction
    Malfunction

    A malfunction is when something functions wrongly or does not function at all.Some types of malfunctions are:*Malfunction , malfunction of a parachute...
     occurs, a Check Engine Light will alert the driver who must scan the system for stored fault codes. These fault codes are known as SAE Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs).


Furthermore, SAE encourages the design of vehicles in accordance with established Human Factors
Human factors

Human factors is a term that covers:* The science of understanding the properties of human capability .* The application of this understanding to the design and development of systems and services ....
 principles. SAE is one of the most influential organizations with respect to Ergonomics
Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with designing according to human needs, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance....
 work in Automotive Design. Human Factors and Ergonomic standards (Number: Title) published by SAE include the following:

  • J2094 200101: Vehicle and Control Modifications for Drivers with Physical Disabilities
  • J1139 199907: Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand Controls
  • J1903 199707: Automotive Adaptive Driver Controls, Manual
  • J941 200801: Motor Vehicle Drivers' Eye Locations
  • J287 200702: Driver Hand Control Reach
  • J1138 199902: Design Criteria Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars
  • J899 200705: Operator's Seat Dimensions
  • J1163 200612: Determining Seat Index Point
  • J209 200305: Instrument Face Design and Location
  • J1814 200303: Operator Controls
  • J1050 200301: Describing and Measuring the Driver's Field of View
  • J2119 199710: Manual Controls for Mature Drivers
  • J2331 200212: Operators Field of View--Engineering Evaluation
  • J153 198705: Operator Precautions
  • J2217 199110: Photometric Guidelines for Instrument Panel Displays That Accommodate Older Drivers


Conferences

SAE hold an annual conference and tradeshow, called Convergence.

Other Contributions


SAE holds 12 Collegiate Design Competitions - events challenge students to design and build functional vehicles in a competitive setting. These Design competitions host more than 4,500 students from 500 universities on every continent. SAE Colligate Design Contests include the following: Formula SAE
Formula SAE

Formula SAE is a student design competition organized by the Society of Automotive Engineers . The competition was started back in 1978 and was originally called ....
, Formula Hyrbid, SAE Mini Baja, and SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge.

SAE strives to encourage and support the development of youth skills related to math and science in the communities which it serves. The SAE Foundation raises funds to support math/science programs primarily for grades 4 through 8. Furthermore, SAE has developed curriculum to supplement learning in public schools.

Controversy Over Access to SAE Database


The SAE's extensive use of DRM
Digital rights management

Digital rights management refers to access control technologies used by publishers, copyright holders, and hardware manufacturers to limit usage of digital media or devices....
 to restrict access to online versions of their web-based database of technical papers has provoked controversy, leading MIT to cancel its online subscription in 2007. After much internal debate and conversation with customers and stakeholders, SAE changed its DRM policy.

Publications


SAE currently produces the following publications:

  • Automotive Engineering International
  • Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing
  • Off Highway Engineering
  • SAE Transactions


Notable Members

  • Horace Swetland
  • Andrew L. Riker
    Andrew L. Riker

    Andrew Lawrence Riker was an early automobile designer. He began experimenting with electric vehicles in 1884. He formed the Riker Electric Motor Company in 1888 to make electric motors, and 1898 formed the Riker Motor Vehicle Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey....
  • Henry Ford
    Henry Ford

    Henry Ford was the United States founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T History of the automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry....
  • Thomas Edison
    Thomas Edison

    Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb....
  • Glenn Martin
  • Orville Wright
  • Charles Kettering
    Charles Kettering

    Charles Franklin Kettering was an American inventor and the holder of over 300 patents. He was a founder of Delco Electronics, and was head of research for General Motors for 27 years from 1920 to 1947....
  • Harry Cheesbrough


See also


  • ARP4754
    ARP4754

    ARP4754 is a standard from Society of Automotive Engineers, dealing with the development processes and Type certificate of Avionics#Aircraft avionics....
  • ARP4761
    ARP4761

    ARP4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment is a standard from the Society of Automotive Engineers....
  • Automobile
    Automobile

    An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
  • Electronic control unit
    Electronic control unit

    In automotive electronics, an electronic control unit , also called a control unit, or control module, is an embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle....
  • IEEE
  • SAE J1269
    SAE J1269

    SAE J1269 is a standard test defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers to measure the rolling resistance of tires.The rolling resistance coefficient thus measured indicates the proportion of energy that is lost to the hysteresis of the material as the tire rolls....
  • SAE J2452
    SAE J2452

    SAE J2452 is a standard defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers to define the rolling resistance of tires.The rolling resistance coefficient indicates the amount of force required to overcome the hysteresis of the material as the tire rolls....
  • ISO 3411
  • FISITA


External links



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