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Socialist Party (Portugal)
Encyclopedia
The Socialist Party abbreviated to PS, is a social-democratic
political party in Portugal
. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German
city of Bad Münstereifel
, by militants from Portuguese Socialist Action .
The current leader is António José Seguro. José Sócrates
, the former Prime Minister of Portugal
, was the leader of the leader of the party until 5 June 2011. The party has currently 74 of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament and lost the June 2011 election
. The Socialist Party stands out as about a third of its members in the Assembly of the Republic are women.
Sócrates resigned as General Secretary on election night of 5 June 2011, due to having lost the general election by a margin higher that expected. Seguro was elected as leader of the party on July 23, winning 68% of the vote against his challenger, Francisco Assis
, who got 32%.
PS is a member of the Socialist International
and the Party of European Socialists
, and has seven members in the European Parliament
within the Socialists & Democrats
(S&D) Group during the seventh parliament.
in West Germany
. The twenty-seven delegates decided to found a party of socialism
and freedom, making an explicit reference to a classless society and without Marxism
, redesigned as a source of principal inspiration.
On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution
brought down the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo, established in 1933, and democracy was restored. The general secretary of the PS, Mário Soares, returned to Portugal after being in exile in France, and became foreign minister, and António de Almeida Santos
was appointed Minister of interjurisdictional coordination in one of the first provisional governments.
After the Revolution, elections were called for the 25 April 1975 and the Socialist Party (PS) won the 1975 election for the Constituent Assembly and the 1976 elections for the National Assembly
, then losing to the centre-right
Democratic Alliance
(AD) in the 1979 elections.
In 1980, the PS made an electoral alliance called the Republican and Socialist Front
(FRS), between the Independent Social Democrats (ASDI), led by Sousa Franco, and the Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy
(UEDS), led by Lopes Cardoso. The alliance failed to defeat the AD.
They won the 1983 general elections, but without an absolute majority, the Socialists made a coalition with the centre-right Social Democratic Party
(PSD), forming a "Central Block
". The new government began negotiations for Portugal to enter the EEC. In 1985 the Central Block broke down and the PS at the time led by Almeida Santos, lost the 1985 election. Cavaco Silva's PSD won the 1985 elections and again in 1987 and 1991 with absolute majority. The PS was in opposition for more than ten years.
In 1995, the Socialist Party, then led by António Guterres
, won the general elections for the first time in ten years, and in 1999, they failed to obtain what would have been an historic absolute majority for the party by only one MP. In 2001, after a massive defeat in the 2001 local elections, António Guterres resigned as Prime Minister and called for new elections in 2002. The Socialist Party lost the 2002 general elections
by a small margin to the Social Democratic Party.
In June 2004, the PS won the European Parliament elections
by a landslide, and a few weeks later, Durão Barroso, leader of the PSD and Prime Minister, resigned to become President of the European Commission. In December 2004, Jorge Sampaio, President of the Republic, called fresh elections for February 2005. These elections resulted in a landslide victory for the PS, winning for the first time since its foundation an absolute majority. José Sócrates
, leader of the PS, became Prime Minister.
In 2009, after four-and-a-half years in power, the PS lost the European Parliament elections
to the PSD. However, they won the general elections
held on 27 September but failed to renew the absolute majority they won in 2005
.
The financial crisis of 2011 hit Portugal very hard, prompting Sócrates' government to impose harsh austerity measures. On 23 March 2011, the entire opposition in Parliament said no to new measures proposed by the government. As a result of this, José Sócrates resigned as Prime Minister and early elections
will take place on 5 June.
In the elections, the PS suffered a huge setback, with 28.1% of the vote, ten points behind the PSD, who will form a coalition with the People's Party. Sócrates resigned as General Secretary on election night after the PS's worst result since 1987. On 23 July, António José Seguro was elected as his successor.
Social democracy
Social democracy is a political ideology of the center-left on the political spectrum. Social democracy is officially a form of evolutionary reformist socialism. It supports class collaboration as the course to achieve socialism...
political party in Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
city of Bad Münstereifel
Bad Münstereifel
Bad Münstereifel is a historical spa town in the district of Euskirchen, Germany, with about 19,000 inhabitants, situated in the far south of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia...
, by militants from Portuguese Socialist Action .
The current leader is António José Seguro. José Sócrates
José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011....
, the former Prime Minister of Portugal
Prime Minister of Portugal
Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
, was the leader of the leader of the party until 5 June 2011. The party has currently 74 of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament and lost the June 2011 election
Portuguese legislative election, 2011
A general election was held in Portugal on 5 June 2011 to elect all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. Pedro Passos Coelho led the center-right Social Democratic Party to victory over the Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates...
. The Socialist Party stands out as about a third of its members in the Assembly of the Republic are women.
Sócrates resigned as General Secretary on election night of 5 June 2011, due to having lost the general election by a margin higher that expected. Seguro was elected as leader of the party on July 23, winning 68% of the vote against his challenger, Francisco Assis
Francisco Assis
Francisco Assis is a Portuguese politician and was a Member of the European Parliament for the Socialist Party; part of the Party of European Socialists from 2004 to 2009.-References:...
, who got 32%.
PS is a member of the Socialist International
Socialist International
The Socialist International is a worldwide organization of democratic socialist, social democratic and labour political parties. It was formed in 1951.- History :...
and the Party of European Socialists
Party of European Socialists
The Party of European Socialists is a European political party led by Sergei Stanishev, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria. The PES comprises social-democratic national-level political parties primarily from Member state of the European Union, as well as other nations of the European continent. The...
, and has seven members in the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
within the Socialists & Democrats
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats is the social-democratic political group in the European Parliament, formed by MEPs of the Party of European Socialists and allied centre-left parties. The group dates its ancestry via various names back to the beginning of the European...
(S&D) Group during the seventh parliament.
History
The PS is created at a conference of the Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP), at that time in exile, on April 19, 1973 in Bad MünstereifelBad Münstereifel
Bad Münstereifel is a historical spa town in the district of Euskirchen, Germany, with about 19,000 inhabitants, situated in the far south of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia...
in West Germany
West Germany
West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....
. The twenty-seven delegates decided to found a party of socialism
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
and freedom, making an explicit reference to a classless society and without Marxism
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
, redesigned as a source of principal inspiration.
On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance...
brought down the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo, established in 1933, and democracy was restored. The general secretary of the PS, Mário Soares, returned to Portugal after being in exile in France, and became foreign minister, and António de Almeida Santos
António de Almeida Santos
António de Almeida Santos, GCL , is a Portuguese lawyer, politician, parliamentary and minister in several occasions.-Career:...
was appointed Minister of interjurisdictional coordination in one of the first provisional governments.
After the Revolution, elections were called for the 25 April 1975 and the Socialist Party (PS) won the 1975 election for the Constituent Assembly and the 1976 elections for the National Assembly
Portuguese legislative election, 1976
The Portuguese legislative election of 1976 took place on April 25, exactly one year after the previous election, and two years after the Carnation Revolution...
, then losing to the centre-right
Centre-right
The centre-right or center-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals, political parties, or organizations whose views stretch from the centre to the right on the left-right spectrum, excluding far right stances. Centre-right can also describe a coalition of centrist...
Democratic Alliance
Democratic Alliance (Portugal)
The Democratic Alliance was a coalition in Portugal between the Social Democratic Party , the Democratic Social Center and the People's Monarchist Party , including also a group of...
(AD) in the 1979 elections.
In 1980, the PS made an electoral alliance called the Republican and Socialist Front
Republican and Socialist Front
Republican and Socialist Front was an electoral alliance in Portugal, consisting of the Socialist Party , Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy and Independent Social Democratic Action . FRS contested the Portuguese legislative election, 1980...
(FRS), between the Independent Social Democrats (ASDI), led by Sousa Franco, and the Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy
Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy
The Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy was a Portuguese leftwing party founded in January of 1978. The party has its origins in the Socialist Culture Association - Worker Brotherhood, a socialist organization and in groups of independent people linked to the Socialist Party.The party...
(UEDS), led by Lopes Cardoso. The alliance failed to defeat the AD.
They won the 1983 general elections, but without an absolute majority, the Socialists made a coalition with the centre-right Social Democratic Party
Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party...
(PSD), forming a "Central Block
Central Block
Central Bloc is the name given in Portugal to the grand coalition the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party which ruled from 1983 to 1985, and to any potential coalition between those two parties....
". The new government began negotiations for Portugal to enter the EEC. In 1985 the Central Block broke down and the PS at the time led by Almeida Santos, lost the 1985 election. Cavaco Silva's PSD won the 1985 elections and again in 1987 and 1991 with absolute majority. The PS was in opposition for more than ten years.
In 1995, the Socialist Party, then led by António Guterres
António Guterres
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
, won the general elections for the first time in ten years, and in 1999, they failed to obtain what would have been an historic absolute majority for the party by only one MP. In 2001, after a massive defeat in the 2001 local elections, António Guterres resigned as Prime Minister and called for new elections in 2002. The Socialist Party lost the 2002 general elections
Portuguese legislative election, 2002
The Portuguese legislative election of 2002 took place on March 17. These elections were called after the resignation of the former Prime-Minister, António Guterres after a defeat of the Socialist Party in the local election of 2001...
by a small margin to the Social Democratic Party.
In June 2004, the PS won the European Parliament elections
European Parliament election, 2004 (Portugal)
The European Parliament election of 2004 in Portugal was the election of MEP representing Portugal constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament. It was part of the wider 2004 European election...
by a landslide, and a few weeks later, Durão Barroso, leader of the PSD and Prime Minister, resigned to become President of the European Commission. In December 2004, Jorge Sampaio, President of the Republic, called fresh elections for February 2005. These elections resulted in a landslide victory for the PS, winning for the first time since its foundation an absolute majority. José Sócrates
José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011....
, leader of the PS, became Prime Minister.
In 2009, after four-and-a-half years in power, the PS lost the European Parliament elections
European Parliament election, 2009 (Portugal)
The European Parliament election of 2009 in Portugal was the election of the delegation from Portugal to the European Parliament in 2009.The lists are headed by*Socialist Party : Vital Moreira...
to the PSD. However, they won the general elections
Portuguese legislative election, 2009
Legislative elections in Portugal were held on 27 September 2009 to renew all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. The Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates, won the largest number of seats, but didn't repeat the overall majority they gained in 2005.The Socialist...
held on 27 September but failed to renew the absolute majority they won in 2005
Portuguese legislative election, 2005
The Portuguese legislative election of 2005 took place on February 20. These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on November 30, 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes in...
.
The financial crisis of 2011 hit Portugal very hard, prompting Sócrates' government to impose harsh austerity measures. On 23 March 2011, the entire opposition in Parliament said no to new measures proposed by the government. As a result of this, José Sócrates resigned as Prime Minister and early elections
Portuguese legislative election, 2011
A general election was held in Portugal on 5 June 2011 to elect all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. Pedro Passos Coelho led the center-right Social Democratic Party to victory over the Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates...
will take place on 5 June.
In the elections, the PS suffered a huge setback, with 28.1% of the vote, ten points behind the PSD, who will form a coalition with the People's Party. Sócrates resigned as General Secretary on election night after the PS's worst result since 1987. On 23 July, António José Seguro was elected as his successor.
Election results
| Year | Party Leader | Votes | % of votes | Seats in the Assembly of the Republic | Position in government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 Portuguese legislative election, 1976 The Portuguese legislative election of 1976 took place on April 25, exactly one year after the previous election, and two years after the Carnation Revolution... |
Mário Soares Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:... |
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| 1979 Portuguese legislative election, 1979 The Portuguese legislative election of 1979 took place on December 2. The last election, three and a half years before, in April 1976, was won by the Socialist Party under the lead of Mário Soares, who became the Prime-Minister of the 1st Constitutional government after the revolution... |
Mário Soares Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:... |
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| 1980 Portuguese legislative election, 1980 The Portuguese legislative election of 1980 took place on October 5.In January 1980, the Democratic Alliance, which had won the previous election, on December 2 of 1979, entered office with Francisco Sá Carneiro leading the government... |
Mário Soares Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:... |
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| 1983 Portuguese legislative election, 1983 The Portuguese legislative election of 1983 took place on April 25. The last election, in October 1980 had been won by a right-wing coalition, the Democratic Alliance and Francisco Sá Carneiro had retained office as Prime Minister with an increased majority... |
Mário Soares Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:... |
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Social Democratic Party (Portugal) The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party... |
| 1985 Portuguese legislative election, 1985 The Portuguese legislative election of 1985 took place on October 6. In June of the same year, the former Prime-Minister, Mário Soares, had resigned from the job due to the lack of parliamentary support, the government was composed by a coalition of the two major parties, the center-right Social... |
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| 1987 Portuguese legislative election, 1987 The Portuguese legislative election of 1987 took place on July 19. In the last election, in 1985, the Social Democratic Party had achieved a relative majority, thing that made its government very weak, managing to survive in coalition with the Democratic Social Center and the Democratic Renovator... |
Vitor Constâncio Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio, GCC, GCIH is a Portuguese economist and politician, Vice-President of the European Central Bank. Constâncio graduated in economics from the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.... |
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| 1991 Portuguese legislative election, 1991 The Portuguese legislative election of 1991 took place on October 6. The Social Democratic Party, under the lead of Cavaco Silva, won a historic third term and won with an absolute majority for the second consecutive turn, achieving a higher share than in the previous election, losing, however, 13... |
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| 1995 Portuguese legislative election, 1995 The Portuguese legislative election of 1995 took place on October 1. The Socialist Party defeated the Social Democratic Party under the lead of António Guterres, elected some months before, but missed the absolute majority by 4 MPs. The Social Democratic party under the lead of Fernando Nogueira... |
António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:... |
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| 1999 Portuguese legislative election, 1999 The Portuguese legislative election of 1999 took place on October 10. The Socialist Party was aiming a second term under the lead of António Guterres, in the end the Socialist Party won the election, but missed what would be an historical absolute majority for the party by only one MP.The Social... |
António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:... |
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| 2002 Portuguese legislative election, 2002 The Portuguese legislative election of 2002 took place on March 17. These elections were called after the resignation of the former Prime-Minister, António Guterres after a defeat of the Socialist Party in the local election of 2001... |
Ferro Rodrigues Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues is a Portuguese politician and economist.He was Minister for Social Security, and later for Public Works in the governments of António Guterres.... |
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| 2005 Portuguese legislative election, 2005 The Portuguese legislative election of 2005 took place on February 20. These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on November 30, 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes in... |
José Sócrates José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.... |
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| 2009 Portuguese legislative election, 2009 Legislative elections in Portugal were held on 27 September 2009 to renew all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. The Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates, won the largest number of seats, but didn't repeat the overall majority they gained in 2005.The Socialist... |
José Sócrates José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.... |
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| 2011 Portuguese legislative election, 2011 A general election was held in Portugal on 5 June 2011 to elect all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. Pedro Passos Coelho led the center-right Social Democratic Party to victory over the Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates... |
José Sócrates José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.... |
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| In the Republican and Socialist Front Republican and Socialist Front Republican and Socialist Front was an electoral alliance in Portugal, consisting of the Socialist Party , Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy and Independent Social Democratic Action . FRS contested the Portuguese legislative election, 1980... , with the Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy The Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy was a Portuguese leftwing party founded in January of 1978. The party has its origins in the Socialist Culture Association - Worker Brotherhood, a socialist organization and in groups of independent people linked to the Socialist Party.The party... and the Independent Social Democratic Action. |
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List of important people
General Secretaries (Secretários-Gerais)
- Mário SoaresMário SoaresMário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...
: 1973–1986 - Almeida Santos (interim): 1986
- Vítor ConstâncioVitor ConstâncioVítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio, GCC, GCIH is a Portuguese economist and politician, Vice-President of the European Central Bank. Constâncio graduated in economics from the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa....
: 1986–1989 - Jorge Sampaio: 1989–1992
- António GuterresAntónio GuterresAntónio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
: 1992–2002 - Ferro RodriguesFerro RodriguesEduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues is a Portuguese politician and economist.He was Minister for Social Security, and later for Public Works in the governments of António Guterres....
: 2002–2004 - José SócratesJosé SócratesJosé Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011....
: 2004–2011 - António José Seguro: 2011–
Prime Ministers
- Mário SoaresMário SoaresMário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...
: 1976–1978, 1983–1985 - António GuterresAntónio GuterresAntónio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...
: 1995–2002 - José SócratesJosé SócratesJosé Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH , commonly known by José Sócrates , is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011....
: 2005–2011
See also
- Politics of PortugalPolitics of PortugalPolitics in Portugal take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. The President of the Republic is the head of state and has several significant political powers, which he...
- List of political parties in Portugal
- Socialist PartySocialist PartySocialist Party is the name of several different political parties around the world that are explicitly called Socialist. All of these parties claim to uphold socialism, though they might belong to different branches of the socialist movement and might therefore have different interpretations of...
- Republican and Socialist FrontRepublican and Socialist FrontRepublican and Socialist Front was an electoral alliance in Portugal, consisting of the Socialist Party , Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy and Independent Social Democratic Action . FRS contested the Portuguese legislative election, 1980...
- Spanish Socialist Workers' PartySpanish Socialist Workers' PartyThe Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. Its political position is Centre-left. The PSOE is the former ruling party of Spain, until beaten in the elections of November 2011 and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in...
External links
- Official Website (in Portuguese)
- Official Website - Featured links (list in Portuguese, links to international websites in English)
- Socialist Internacional
- Party of European Socialists