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Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that believes the government has a role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors based on the belief that these are what keep people civilized and decent. A second meaning of the term social conservativism has developed in the Nordic countries
Nordic countries

File:Location Nordic Council.svgThe Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and far northeastern North America, called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland and ?land....
 and continental Europe
Continental Europe

Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and, at times, peninsulas....
. Here it refers to liberal conservatives
Liberal conservatism

Historically In the 18th and 19th centuries, conservatism comprised a set of principles based on concern for established tradition, respect for authority and religious values....
 supporting modern European welfare state
Welfare State

The Welfare State of the United Kingdom was prefigured in the William Beveridge Report in 1942, which identified five "Giant Evils" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease....
s. Social conservatism is distinct from cultural conservatism
Cultural conservatism

Cultural conservatism is conservatism with respect to culture. This term is increasingly used in political debate, but is rather ill-defined. It is often confused with social conservatism, which is a school of thought that may overlap to a degree as far as its adherents but is nonetheless a quite distinct subset of the former....
 which focuses on cultural aspects of the issues, such as protecting one's culture, although there are some overlaps.

The accepted meaning of traditional morality often differs from group to group within social conservatism
Conservatism

Conservatism is a political and social term whose meaning has changed in different countries and time periods, but which usually indicates support for the status quo or the status quo ante....
.






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Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that believes the government has a role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors based on the belief that these are what keep people civilized and decent. A second meaning of the term social conservativism has developed in the Nordic countries
Nordic countries

File:Location Nordic Council.svgThe Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and far northeastern North America, called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland and ?land....
 and continental Europe
Continental Europe

Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and, at times, peninsulas....
. Here it refers to liberal conservatives
Liberal conservatism

Historically In the 18th and 19th centuries, conservatism comprised a set of principles based on concern for established tradition, respect for authority and religious values....
 supporting modern European welfare state
Welfare State

The Welfare State of the United Kingdom was prefigured in the William Beveridge Report in 1942, which identified five "Giant Evils" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease....
s. Social conservatism is distinct from cultural conservatism
Cultural conservatism

Cultural conservatism is conservatism with respect to culture. This term is increasingly used in political debate, but is rather ill-defined. It is often confused with social conservatism, which is a school of thought that may overlap to a degree as far as its adherents but is nonetheless a quite distinct subset of the former....
 which focuses on cultural aspects of the issues, such as protecting one's culture, although there are some overlaps.

The accepted meaning of traditional morality often differs from group to group within social conservatism
Conservatism

Conservatism is a political and social term whose meaning has changed in different countries and time periods, but which usually indicates support for the status quo or the status quo ante....
. Thus, there are really no policies or positions that could be considered universal among social conservatives. There are, however, a number of principles to which at least a majority of social conservatives adhere. Social conservatives in many countries generally: favor the pro-life
Pro-life

Pro-life is a term representing a variety of perspectives and activist movements in medical ethics. It is most commonly used, especially in the media and popular discourse, to refer to opposition to abortion....
 position in the abortion controversy and oppose embryonic stem cell
Embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4?5 days post Human fertilization, at which time they consist of 50?150 cells....
 research; support the death penalty, oppose same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage

Same-sex marriage and gay marriage are terms for a Law or socially recognized marriage between two people of the same sex. While state-sanctioned same-sex marriage is a relatively new phenomenon in the modern world, same-sex unions have been documented throughout human history....
 and other marriages social conservatives consider the establishment of to be contrary to traditional marriage, and the nuclear family
Nuclear family

Sorry, no overview for this topic
 model as society's foundational unit; oppose expansion of civil marriage
Civil marriage

Civil marriage or secular marriage is a marriage which is performed by a government official and not a religious organization....
 and child adoption rights to couples in homosexual relationships; promote public morality
Public morality

Public morality refers to morality enforced in a society, by law or police work or social pressure, and applied to public life, to the content of the Mass media, and to conduct in public places....
 and traditional family values
Family values

Family values is a political and social concept used in various cultures to describe values that are believed to be traditional in that culture and in support of the idea that Nuclear family are the basic units of culture....
; oppose secularism
Secularism

Secularism is the assertion that governmental practices or institutions should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs.In one sense, secularism may assert the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, and freedom from the government imposition of religion upon the people, within a state that is neutral on matters...
 and privatization of religious belief; support the prohibition of drugs
Prohibition (drugs)

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary law legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to control drug use. Prohibition of drugs has existed at various levels of government or other authority, from the Middle Ages to the present....
, prostitution
Prostitution

The word prostitution is used to indicate:1. The exposing or otherwise offering oneself or someone else with the purpose of tempting potential customers to exchange money or goods for the promise of cooperativeness in sexual intercourse from the exposed person;...
 and euthanasia
Euthanasia

Euthanasia refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. Many different forms of euthanasia can be distinguished, including euthanasia and human euthanasia, and within the latter, voluntary and involuntary euthanasia....
; and support the censorship
Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of freedom of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable, harmful or sensitive, as determined by a censor....
 of pornography
Pornography

Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer. It is to a certain extent similar to erotica, which is the use of sexually arousing imagery....
 and what they consider to be obscenity
Obscenity

Obscenity , is a term that is most often used in a law context to describe expressions that offend the prevalent sexual morality of the time....
 or indecency.

Many Christian democratic
Christian Democracy

Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian principles to public policy. It emerged in nineteenth-century Europe, largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching, and it continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secular...
 and Islamic parties
Islamic party

An Islamic party is a party that works for promoting Islam while an Islamic political party is a political party that promotes Islam as a political movement by offering nominees for election in a democracy - of which there are several in the Islamic world....
 around the world are socially conservative.

Social conservatism and economics

There is no necessary link between social and fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism

Fiscal conservatism is a political phrase term used in North America to describe a fiscal policy that advocates a reduction in overall government spending....
; some social conservatives are otherwise apolitical or even arguably left-wing
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 on economic issues. Social conservatives may support a degree of economic intervention. This concern for material welfare, like advocacy of traditional mores
Mores

Mores are norm or convention s. Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written laws. They consist of shared understandings about the kinds of behaviour likely to evoke approval, disapproval, toleration or sanction, within particular contexts....
, will often have a basis in religion. Examples include the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
Christian Social Union of Bavaria

The Christian Social Union in Bavaria is a Christian Democracy and conservatism political party in Germany. It operates only in the state of Bavaria, while its sister party, the Christian Democratic Union , operates in the other 15 states of Germany....
, the Family First Party
Family First Party

The Family First Party is a Social conservatism minor political party in Australia. It has parliamentary representation federally through Senator Steve Fielding, and in the state parliaments of Western Australia and South Australia....
 and Democratic Labor Party
Democratic Labor Party

The Democratic Labor Party is a small historic political party in Australia that espouses social conservatism and opposes neo-liberalism. It is descended from, but not legally the same as, the Democratic Labor Party which existed from 1955 to 1978, and which until 1974 played an important role in Australian politics....
 of Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
, and the communitarian
Communitarianism

Communitarianism, as a group of related but distinct philosophies, began in the late 20th century, opposing in its opinion exalted forms of individualism while advocating phenomena such as civil society....
 movement in the United States.

There is more overlap between social conservatism and paleoconservatism, in that they both have respect for traditional social forms. However, paleoconservatism has a strong cultural conservative
Cultural conservatism

Cultural conservatism is conservatism with respect to culture. This term is increasingly used in political debate, but is rather ill-defined. It is often confused with social conservatism, which is a school of thought that may overlap to a degree as far as its adherents but is nonetheless a quite distinct subset of the former....
 strain which social conservatism, in and of itself, is not necessarily allied with. John Burger, wrote in Crisis
Crisis (magazine)

Several magazines were called Crisis.* The Crisis, NAACP's official publication* Crisis, a Roman Catholic journal which ceased its print run in September 2006, now available online as part of ....
 magazine in 2005: "The presence of a significant population of culturally Catholic immigrants offers hope that their culture will permeate a decadent American society and contribute to the re-evangelization of native-born Catholics... Abortion is still illegal in most Latin America
Latin America

Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages ? particularly Spanish language and Portuguese language, and variably French language ? are primarily spoken....
n countries. And in most areas, it's not even part of a person’s consciousness."

List of social conservative political parties

Australia
  • Democratic Labor Party
    Democratic Labor Party

    The Democratic Labor Party is a small historic political party in Australia that espouses social conservatism and opposes neo-liberalism. It is descended from, but not legally the same as, the Democratic Labor Party which existed from 1955 to 1978, and which until 1974 played an important role in Australian politics....
  • Family First Party
    Family First Party

    The Family First Party is a Social conservatism minor political party in Australia. It has parliamentary representation federally through Senator Steve Fielding, and in the state parliaments of Western Australia and South Australia....
  • Christian Democratic Party
    Christian Democratic Party (Australia)

    The Christian Democratic Party is a minor political party in Australia. Its leader is Fred Nile, a Congregational Church minister and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council....
  • A large number of Liberal Party
    Liberal Party of Australia

    The Liberal Party of Australia is an List of political parties in Australia.Founded a year after the Australian federal election, 1943 to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office....
    , National Party
    National Party of Australia

    The National Party of Australia is an List of political parties in Australia.Traditionally representing rural voters, it was originally called the Country Party, but adopted the name National Country Party in 1975 and changed to its present name in 1982....
    , and to a lesser extent Labor Party
    Australian Labor Party

    The Australian Labor Party is an List of political parties in Australia.Known as the Australian Labor Party#Etymology for short, the party is the current governing party of Australia, since the Australian federal election, 2007....
     members in Australia are also considered socially conservative.


Austria
  • The Christians
    The Christians

    The Christians are a soul music-influenced sophisti-pop musical ensemble from Liverpool, England, who scored several United Kingdom and international record chart hit record in the late 1980s and early 1990s....


Belgium including far right
Far right

Far right, extreme right, hard right, ultra-right or radical right are terms used to discuss the Qualitative research or Quantitative research position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum....
 and separatist
Separatism

Separatism refers to the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial or gender separation from the larger group, often with demands for greater political Autonomous entity and even for full political secession and the formation of a new state....
 ideas
  • Vlaams Belang
    Vlaams Belang

    Vlaams Belang is an anti-immigration right-wing political party in the Flemish Community of Belgium that advocates the independence of Flanders and strict limits on immigration, whereby immigrants would be obliged to adopt Flemish culture and language....


Canada
  • Family Coalition Party of Ontario
    Family Coalition Party of Ontario

    The Family Coalition Party is a small political party in Ontario, Canada that promotes a social conservatism ideology. It was formed in 1987 by members of the pro-life organization Campaign Life Coalition, and has fielded candidates in every provincial election since then....
  • Christian Heritage Party of Canada
    Christian Heritage Party of Canada

    The Christian Heritage Party of Canada is a List of federal political parties in Canada that advocates that Canada be governed according to Bible, which it describes as "the inspired, inerrant written Word of God"....
  • A large number of Conservative Party
    Conservative Party of Canada

    The Conservative Party of Canada , colloquially known as the Tories, is a major political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada....
     members in Canada are considered socially conservative.


Chile
  • Independent Democrat Union
    Independent Democrat Union

    The Independent Democrat Union is a Chilean Conservatism political party. Its current president is Juan Antonio Coloma. UDI and National Renewal form a coalition of right-wing parties called Alianza por Chile ....


Czech Republic
  • Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party


France
  • A number of Union for a Popular Movement
    Union for a Popular Movement

    The Union for a Popular Movement is a centre-right List of political parties in France.Founded in 2002, the party has an absolute majority in the French National Assembly and a plurality in the French Senate....
     members in France as considered socially conservative.
    • including the Forum of Social Republicans
      Forum of Social Republicans

      The Forum of Social Republicans is a Conservatism Christian Democracy party in France. Its founder and leader is Christine Boutin.It was established in March 2001 as a faction within the Union for French Democracy and emerged as an independent party in December of the same year, when Boutin announced her presidential bid, in contrast with...
      , UMP affiliate
and, including far right
Far right

Far right, extreme right, hard right, ultra-right or radical right are terms used to discuss the Qualitative research or Quantitative research position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum....
 and nationalist ideas
  • Movement for France
    Movement for France

    The Movement for France , or MPF, is a France Conservatism and euroscepticism political party, founded on November 20, 1994, with a marked regional stronghold in the Vend?e....
  • National Front
  • National Republican Movement
    National Republican Movement

    The National Republican Movement is a France far-right political party, created by Bruno M?gret with former Club de l'Horloge alumni, Yvan Blot and Jean-Yves Le Gallou, as a split from Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front on January 24, 1999....


Germany
  • Christian Social Union of Bavaria
    Christian Social Union of Bavaria

    The Christian Social Union in Bavaria is a Christian Democracy and conservatism political party in Germany. It operates only in the state of Bavaria, while its sister party, the Christian Democratic Union , operates in the other 15 states of Germany....
  • Party of Bible-abiding Christians
    Party of Bible-abiding Christians

    The Party of Bible-abiding Christians is a conservative Christianity Fundamentalist Christianity minor political party in Germany. It was founded in 1989....


Greece
  • Popular Orthodox Rally
    Popular Orthodox Rally

    The Popular Orthodox Rally or The People's Orthodox Rally , often abbreviated to ??.?.S. as a pun on the Greek word for people, is a Greece right-wing populism/nationalist political party, founded and led by journalist Georgios Karatzaferis....


India
  • Bharatiya Janata Party
    Bharatiya Janata Party

    The Bharatiya Janata Party , founded in 1980, is a major political party of India. Designed to represent the country's Hinduism and Centre-right in nature, the party advocates Conservatism social policies, self reliance, robust economic growth, foreign policy driven by a nationalist agenda, and strong national defense....
  • Shiv Sena
    Shiv Sena

    Shiv Sena , is a far-right political party in India founded on June 19, 1966 by Balasaheb Thackeray, son of Prabodhankar Thackeray , who resigned from the active leadership and gave the position to his son Uddhav....


Ireland
  • Muintir na hÉireann
    Muintir na hÉireann

    The Muintir na h?ireann or People of Ireland Party was a minor socially conservative populism political party which was active in Ireland in the 1990s....


Italy
  • Union of Christian and Centre Democrats
  • National Alliance
    National Alliance (Italy)

    National Alliance is a conservatism List of political parties in Italy.Gianfranco Fini was the leader of the party since its foundation in 1995, however he temporarily stepped down in 2008 after being elected to the nominally non-partisan post of President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies....
and, with nationalist and separatist ideas
  • Lega Nord


Japan
  • Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
    Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)

    The , frequently abbreviated to LDP or , is a centre right, Conservatism political party and the largest party in Japan and one of the most consistently successful political parties in the democratic world....
  • People's New Party
    People's New Party

    The People's New Party is a centre-right, Conservative, Japan political party formed on August 17, 2005 in the aftermath of the defeat of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's Japan Post privatisation bills which led to a Japan general election, 2005....
  • New Party Nippon
    New Party Nippon

    The New Party Nippon is a Japanese political party formed on August 21, 2005. The party is headed by the former Nagano Prefecture governor Yasuo Tanaka, and includes Diet of Japan members Koki Kobayashi , Takashi Aoyama, Makoto Taki, and Hiroyuki Arai, who left the Liberal Democratic Party in opposition to Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi?s...


Netherlands
  • ChristianUnion
    ChristianUnion

    The ChristianUnion is a Politics of the Netherlands Christian democracy party of Christian social inspiration. It combines a social conservatism point of view on ethical issues, with more centre left ideas on economic, migration, social and environmental issues....


New Zealand
  • Kiwi Party
  • Family Party
    Family Party

    The Family Party is a political party in New Zealand. It describes itself as a Christianity and politics.The Family Party was established by members of the disbanding Destiny New Zealand and by Paul Adams , a former United Future New Zealand MP and pastor within the Pentecostal City Impact Church, run by New Zealand televangelist Peter Mor...


Nigeria
  • People's Democratic Party
    People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)

    The People's Democratic Party is a centrist political party in Nigeria. It won the Presidential elections of Nigerian general election, 1999, Nigerian presidential election, 2003, and Nigerian general election, 2007, and is the dominant party in the Nigerian Fourth Republic....
  • All Nigeria Peoples Party


Norway
  • Christian Unity Party
    Christian Unity Party

    Christian Unity Party is a Conservatism political party in Norway without parliamentary representation.They originated from a conservative branch of the Christian Democratic Party of Norway, and their ideology is based upon Christianity, literal interpretation of the bible, and opposition to Reform movement in the Norwegian Church....


Poland
  • Civic Platform
    Civic Platform

    Civic Platform , is a Christian democracy, and Conservative liberalism, List of political parties in Poland. Since the Polish parliamentary election, 2007, it is the largest party in Sejm of the Republic of Poland....
  • Law and Justice
    Law and Justice

    Law and Justice is a conservatism List of political parties in Poland.The party was established in 2001, by the Kaczynski twins, Lech Kaczynski, the current President of Poland, and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, current party chairman....
  • League of Polish Families
    League of Polish Families

    The League of Polish Families is a Right-wing politics political party in Poland. It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jaroslaw Kaczynski, until the latter dissolved in September 2007....


Philippines
  • Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats
    Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats

    Lakas-CMD , popularly known as Lakas, is the current ruling political party in the Philippines. Its ideology is heavily influenced by Christian democracy and Islamic democracy, and by Populism....


Slovakia
  • Christian Democratic Movement
    Christian Democratic Movement

    The Christian Democratic Movement is a political party in Slovakia.It is represented in the parliament. It was also member of the government coalition, but it left that coalition on February 7, 2006 due to disputes over an international treaty between Slovakia and the Holy See dealing with the Conscientious objection on religious grounds....


Serbia
  • Party of Serbian Unity
    Party of Serbian Unity

    The Party of Serbian Unity was a nationalist political party in the Republic of Serbia.The goals of the party include:*Unity of Serbian people...


Sweden
  • Sweden Democrats
    Sweden Democrats

    Sweden Democrats , founded in 1988, is a Sweden political party that describes itself as a nationalism movement which opposes all forms of racism....


Switzerland
  • Swiss Democrats
    Swiss Democrats

    The Swiss Democrats are a right-wing political party in Switzerland. In the 2003 federal elections, the party won 1.0% of the popular vote and 1 out of 200 seats....


Turkey
  • Felicity Party
  • Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
    Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

    The Justice and Development Party is the incumbent Turkey political party. The AKP portrays itself as a moderate, conservative, pro-Western party that advocates a liberal market economy and Accession of Turkey to the European Union....


United Kingdom
  • British National Party
    British National Party

    The British National Party is a far-right and white people-only Political parties in the United Kingdom in the United Kingdom. The party is not represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom....
  • Conservative Party
    Conservative Party (UK)

    The Conservative and Unionist Party, more commonly known as the Conservative Party, is a conservative political party in the United Kingdom....
  • Democratic Unionist Party
    Democratic Unionist Party

    The Democratic Unionist Party is the larger of the two main Unionism political party in Northern Ireland. Founded by Ian Paisley and currently led by Peter Robinson , it is the largest party in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom....


United States
  • Constitution Party
    Constitution Party (United States)

    The Constitution Party is a conservative United States political party. It was founded as the U.S. Taxpayers' Party in 1992. The party's official name was changed to the Constitution Party in 1999; however, some state affiliate parties are known under different names....
  • Republican Party
    Republican Party (United States)

    The Republican Party is one of the two major party contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party . It is often called the Grand Old Party or the GOP....


See also

  • Antifeminism
    Antifeminism

    For the Japanese band, see Anti Feminism.Antifeminism is opposition to feminism in some or all of its forms....
  • Paleoconservatism
    Paleoconservatism

    Paleoconservatism is a term for an Anti-communism and anti-authoritarian right-wing movement in the United States of America that stresses tradition, civil society and anti-federalism, along with familial, religious, regional, national and Western world identity....
  • Pro-life
    Pro-life

    Pro-life is a term representing a variety of perspectives and activist movements in medical ethics. It is most commonly used, especially in the media and popular discourse, to refer to opposition to abortion....
  • Communitarian
  • Social conservatism (Canada)
    Social conservatism (Canada)

    Social conservatives in the European and North American context believe in natural law, and traditional family values and policies. Compared to the situation in the United States, social conservatism has not been as widespread in Canada....
  • Distributism
    Distributism

    Distributism, also known as distributionism and distributivism, is a Third Way economics philosophy formulated by such Roman Catholic thinkers as G....
  • Social progressivism
    Social progressivism

    Social progressivism is the view that social mores, human nature, and morality is not fixed throughout history but is revisable. It is assumed for example that marriage, family, gender roles, and gender identity, are socially constructed....


Further reading

  • Carlson, Alan
    Allan C. Carlson

    Allan C. Carlson is a scholar of the family, and is the president of the Howard Center, a director of the Family in America Studies Center, the International Secretary of the World Congress of Families and editor of the Family in America newsletter....
    , The Family in America: Searching for Social Harmony in the Industrial Age (2003) ISBN 0-7658-0536-7
  • Carlson, Alan
    Allan C. Carlson

    Allan C. Carlson is a scholar of the family, and is the president of the Howard Center, a director of the Family in America Studies Center, the International Secretary of the World Congress of Families and editor of the Family in America newsletter....
    , Family Questions: Reflections on the American Social Crisis (1991) ISBN 1-56000-555-6
  • Fleming, Thomas, The Politics of Human Nature, (1988) ISBN 1-56000-693-5
  • Gallagher, Maggie, The Abolition of Marriage: How We Destroy Lasting Love (1996) ISBN 0-89526-46 4-1
  • Himmelfarb, Gertrude, The De-moralization Of Society (1996) ISBN 0-679-76490-9
  • Hitchens, Peter, The Abolition of Britain
    The Abolition of Britain

    The Abolition of Britain is a book by Peter Hitchens, first published in the United Kingdom by Quartet Books in 1999 , and then in a revised edition the following year....
    . (1999) ISBN 0-7043-8117-6
  • Jones, E. Michael, Degenerate Moderns: Modernity As Rationalized Sexual Misbehavior. (1993) ISBN 0-89870-447-2
  • Kirk, Russell, The Conservative Mind, 7th Ed. (2001) ISBN 0-89526-171-5
  • Magnet, Myron, Modern Sex: Liberation and Its Discontents (2001) ISBN 1-56663-384-2
  • Medved, Diane and Dan Quayle, The American Family: Discovering the Values That Make Us Strong (1997) ISBN 0-06-092810-7
  • Sobran, Joseph, Single Issues: Essays on the Crucial Social Questions (1983) ISBN 1-199-24333-7.


External links