Soca music
Encyclopedia
Soca is a style of music from Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles...

. Soca is a musical development of traditional Trinidadian calypso
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

, through loans from the 1960s onwards from predominantly black popular music.

The nickname of the Trinidad and Tobago national football team
Trinidad and Tobago national football team
The Trinidad and Tobago national football team, nicknamed The Soca Warriors, is the national team of Trinidad and Tobago and is run by the Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation. It reached the first round of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Finals...

, the Soca Warriors, is a reference to this musical genre.

Prominent broadcasters of soca music include TEMPO Networks & Flagz Radio
Flagz Radio
Flagz Radio is an online radio station established in 2008, which specialises in playing Soca music twenty four hours a day with no talk....

.

Origins

Soca is said to have been created in 1963 (see 1963 in music
1963 in music
-Events:*January 1 – The Beatles start a 5-day tour in Scotland to support the release of their new single, "Love Me Do".*January 4 – At Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy, Dalida receives a Juke Box Global Oscar for the year's most-played artist on juke boxes....

) by Ras Shorty I
Ras Shorty I
Ras Shorty I was a soca musician, known as the Father of Soca and The Love Man.He was born Garfield Blackman in Barrackpore, Trinidad and Tobago, and rose to fame as Lord Shorty with his 1963 hit "Clock and Dagger" and took on the name Ras Shorty .He started out writing songs and performing in the...

's "Clock and Dagger" from calypso music
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

. Shorty added Indian instruments, including the dholak
Dholak
The Dholak is a North Indian, Pakistani and Nepalese double-headed hand-drum Madal. The name dholki may also refer to a slightly different instrument that uses high-pitch tabla style syahi masala on its treble skin. This instrument is also known as Naal or Dholki....

, tabla
Tabla
The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres...

 and dhantal
Dhantal
The dhantal is a long steel rod which was adapted from the axle used to connect the yokes of the bullocks that transported the cane-filled carts on the estates in Trinidad and Tobago. The metal horseshoe used on the estate's horses and mules was used to strike the dhantal. In this way the dhantal...

. A prolific musician, composer and innovator, Shorty experimented with fusing calypso
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

 and the East Indian rhythms
Music of India
The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, classical music and R&B. India's classical music tradition, including Carnatic and Hindustani music, has a history spanning millennia and developed over several eras. It remains fundamental to the lives of Indians today as...

 of chutney music
Chutney music
Chutney music is a form indigenous to the southern Caribbean, originating in Trinidad. It derives elements from traditional Indian music and popular Trinidadian Soca music.-History:...

 for nearly a decade before unleashing "the soul of calypso,"...soca music. Shorty had been in Dominica during an Exile One
Exile One
Exile One is a legendary musical group of the 1970s from Dominica based in Guadeloupe. Gordon Henderson is the leader and founder of the famous musical group "Exile One" and the one who coined the name "Cadence-lypso" for a genre of music that revolutionized modern creole music worldwide....

 performance of cadence-lypso
Cadence-lypso
Cadence-lypso, popularized as simply Cadence is a cultural music of Dominica based in Guadeloupe in the early 1970s. Cadence-lypso is a fusion of Dominican and Caribbean/Latin rhythms and has totally revolutionized the music scence in its genre, and it has now become the main dance Music of...

, and collaborated with Dominica
Dominica
Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...

's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron in the early 1970s , who wrote him some creole lyrics. Soon after Shorty released a song, "Ou Petit", with words like "Ou dee moin ou petit Shorty" (meaning "you told me you are small Shorty"), a combination of calypso
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

, cadence
Cadence-lypso
Cadence-lypso, popularized as simply Cadence is a cultural music of Dominica based in Guadeloupe in the early 1970s. Cadence-lypso is a fusion of Dominican and Caribbean/Latin rhythms and has totally revolutionized the music scence in its genre, and it has now become the main dance Music of...

 and kwéyòl. Soca reached its modern form by the early 1970s under the influence of American soul, disco
Disco
Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre's popularity peaked during the late 1970s. It had its roots in clubs that catered to African American, gay, psychedelic, and other communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and...

 and funk
Funk
Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid-late 1960s when African American musicians blended soul music, jazz and R&B into a rhythmic, danceable new form of music. Funk de-emphasizes melody and harmony and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground...

 music, which reached Trinidadian artists when they began recording in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

; by this time, most of the Indian-derived elements had been removed from the genre. Shorty's 1974 Endless Vibrations and Soul of Calypso brought soca to its peak of international fame.

History Misconception

Many people think that soca music was created by the blending of calypso
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

 and soul music
Soul music
Soul music is a music genre originating in the United States combining elements of gospel music and rhythm and blues. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of...

. Many people believe this misconception because it is stated that Lord Shorty called soca "soul calypso". What Lord Shorty meant to say was that soca was the "soul of calypso", but to make it short he called it "soca", which blends the first two letters of "SOul" and "CAlypso". Soca music evolved from a fusion of calypso
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

, cadence
Cadence-lypso
Cadence-lypso, popularized as simply Cadence is a cultural music of Dominica based in Guadeloupe in the early 1970s. Cadence-lypso is a fusion of Dominican and Caribbean/Latin rhythms and has totally revolutionized the music scence in its genre, and it has now become the main dance Music of...

, and Indian instruments. (dhantal
Dhantal
The dhantal is a long steel rod which was adapted from the axle used to connect the yokes of the bullocks that transported the cane-filled carts on the estates in Trinidad and Tobago. The metal horseshoe used on the estate's horses and mules was used to strike the dhantal. In this way the dhantal...

, tabla
Tabla
The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres...

, etc)

Related genres

Soca music has evolved like all other music over the years, with calypsonian
Calypsonian
A calypsonian , originally known as the chantwell is a musician, from the Anglophone Caribbean, who sings songs called calypso. Calypsos are musical renditions having their origins in the West African griot tradition...

s experimenting with other caribbean rhythms.

some examples are the following:
  1. Rapso
    Rapso
    Rapso is a form of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s. It has been described as "de power of de word in the riddim of de word". Though often described as a fusion of native soca with American hip hop, rapso is uniquely Trinidadian.Black Power and unions grew in the...

     : Eastern Caribbean dialect hip-hop with smooth calypso melody and bold lyrics
  2. Chutney Soca: Original Soca performed with a more Chutney styled form; mainly performed by Chutney musicians
  3. Ragga Soca: A fusion of Jamaican Dancehall
    Dancehall
    Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...

     and Soca (Chutney music
    Chutney music
    Chutney music is a form indigenous to the southern Caribbean, originating in Trinidad. It derives elements from traditional Indian music and popular Trinidadian Soca music.-History:...

     replaced with Dancehall music) so it is Dancehall and Contemporary Calypso, which is an uptempo Calypso beat with moderate bass and electronic instruments. A Trinidadian form of performing Dancehall
    Dancehall
    Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...

     Reggae
    Reggae
    Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady.Reggae is based...

    .
  4. Parang Soca: A combination of Calypso, Soca, and Latino music. Parang originated in Trinidad and is most often sung in Spanish.
  5. Steelband-Soca: Steel Pans are types of drum often used in Soca and Calypso music; it became so popular that it became its own musical genre—Steelband. The steel pans are hand-made, bowl-like, metal drums that are crafted so that different sections of the drum produce different notes when struck. Steelbands are groups of musicians who play songs entirely on steel drums. There are many different types of steel pans, each with its own unique set of pitches.
  6. Bouyon Soca is a style of Soca music from Dominica
    Dominica
    Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...

     and Saint Lucia
    Saint Lucia
    Saint Lucia is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 and has an...

    . It uses more prominent elements of bouyon music
    Bouyon music
    Bouyon is a form of popular music of Dominica which became popular in the late 1980s. The term Bouyon means something akin to "gumbo soup" in the local creole of Dominica...

    .
  7. Rockso: a futuristic-sounding, North America- and Trinidad-based 'mutant' style of calypso. It recontextualizes elements of calypso instrumentation, with a heavy focus on a wide range of lyrical 'flows' (delivery) and topics, various song structures, bass-heavy drum patterns, quirky sound effects, and an urban music sensibility. Unlike soca, its exponents gear it less for seasonal competition and more for general, year-round play, while promoting such calypso standbys as 'extempo' (lyrical freestyling).
  8. Groovy Soca is the name of a growing style focusing on melody in soca, partly due to criticism of soca's ubiquitous 'jump and wave'-only lyrical and musical content. It features sensual vocals over mid-tempo soca rhythms, and very often, elements of ragga soca.


Soca has also been experimented with in Bollywood
Bollywood
Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai , Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes other production centers producing...

 films, Bhangra, and new Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...

 pop, as well as Disco
Disco
Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre's popularity peaked during the late 1970s. It had its roots in clubs that catered to African American, gay, psychedelic, and other communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and...

 music in the United States.

Instrumentation

Soca music is based on a strong rhythmic section done by a drum set. Like many other styles of music, today many Soca drum sections are recorded using synthesized drum sounds and then sequenced inside computers, however, for live shows, the live human drummer emulates the recorded version and often triggers the same sound samples via advanced technological configuration (like MIDI). The drum and percussion is often loud in this genre of music and is sometimes the only instrument to back up the vocal. Soca is indeed defined by its loud fast percussion beats. Synthesizers are used often in modern soca and have replaced the once typical horn section
Horn section
In music, a horn section can refer to several groups of musicians. It can refer to the musicians in a symphony orchestra who play the horn . In a British-style brass band it refers to the tenor horn players. In popular music, it can also refer to a small group of wind instrumentalists who augment a...

 at 'smaller' shows . Electric and bass guitars are found very often and are always found in a live soca band. A horn section
Horn section
In music, a horn section can refer to several groups of musicians. It can refer to the musicians in a symphony orchestra who play the horn . In a British-style brass band it refers to the tenor horn players. In popular music, it can also refer to a small group of wind instrumentalists who augment a...

 is found occasionally in live soca bands mostly for the 'bigger' shows. It usually consist of two trumpets and a trombone
Trombone
The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player’s vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate...

 with saxophones being part of the section from time to time.

While the Trinidad-born steel drum is known as the official instrument of the Caribbean, its waning presence in soca music, along with its coopting by other nations, has many soca and calypso purists concerned, and has prompted an occasional presence in the music, particularly in the slowed-down, melodic Groovy Soca and production-focused Rockso genres.

Hit songs

Some soca songs that have become worldwide hits:
  • "Hot Hot Hot" - (Arrow) top selling soca song of all time with over 12 million copies sold worldwide.
  • "Follow the Leader" - Soca Boys (originally recorded by Nigel and Marvin Lewis), a more recent version by S.B.S.
  • "Sweet Soca Music" - Sugar Daddy
  • "It's Carnival"- Destra and Machel Montano
  • "Raggamuffin" - Square One
    Square One (band)
    Square One are a Barbadian soca band, formed in December 1986. They continued until 2005, splitting up after singer Alison Hinds left the group. They re-formed in 2010.-History:...

  • "DJ Ride" - Square One
    Square One (band)
    Square One are a Barbadian soca band, formed in December 1986. They continued until 2005, splitting up after singer Alison Hinds left the group. They re-formed in 2010.-History:...

  • "Turn Me On" - Kevin Lyttle
    Kevin Lyttle
    Kevin Lyttle is a soca artist hailing from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, who had a worldwide hit with the interpellative soca ballad "Turn Me On", which was recorded by Lyttle and the dancehall artist Spragga Benz.-Career:Previously, Lyttle had subsisted on day jobs, such as customs officer...

  • "Motion wine"- Mr volts
  • "Tempted to Touch" - Rupee
    Rupee (musician)
    Rupert Clarke , best known by his stage name Rupee, is a soca musician from Barbados. He was born in military barracks in Germany to a German mother and a Bajan father, who was serving in the British armed forces at the time. He later migrated to Barbados...

  • "Who Let the Dogs Out" - Baha Men
    Baha Men
    The Baha Men are Bahamian singers in a Bahamian band. They play a modernised style of Bahamian music called Junkanoo.-Early career as High Voltage :...

     (originally recorded by Anslem Douglas
    Anslem Douglas
    Anslem Douglas is a musician and composer from Trinidad and Tobago, most famous for the hit single "Who Let the Dogs Out?"- Biography :Anslem Douglas first became interested in music watching folk performers at the local community center in his native village of La Romain, in Trinidad...

    )
  • "What I Want" - Fireball, produced by Bob Sinclar
    Bob Sinclar
    Bob Sinclar, originally spelled "Sinclair" - , is a French record producer, House music DJ, remixer and owner of the label Yellow Productions.- Career history :...

  • "Soca Dance
    Soca Dance
    "Soca Dance" is the name of a 1990 song written and recorded by the artist Charles D. Lewis. It was released as a single from his album Do You Feel It and became a summer hit, topping the charts in France and Belgium...

    " - Charles D. Lewis
    Charles D. Lewis
    Charles D. Lewis is a Barbadian songwriter, recording artist, bassist, engineer, and producer.-Career:Charles is best known for his writing and performance of Soca Dance, released in Europe in 1990. It was number one for seven weeks in France & Belgium, gaining Gold Records in both countries...

  • "Island Girl" - Burning Flames. Used in the 90s movie Weekend at Bernie's
    Weekend at Bernie's
    Weekend at Bernie's is a 1989 American comedy film directed by Ted Kotcheff. A comedy starring Andrew McCarthy and Jonathan Silverman features the two as a couple of young insurance agency employees who discover their boss is deceased...

    .
  • "Workey workey - Burning Flames.
  • "Game Of Love and Unity"-Shaggy/Rupee/Fey-Ann Official ICC cricket 2007 West Indies World Cup Anthem
  • "Defense (The Anthem remix)" - Machel Montano
    Machel Montano
    Machel Montano is a soca singer, record producer and songwriter based in the Trinidad and Tobago....

    , Pitbull
    Pitbull (rapper)
    Armando Christian Pérez , better known by his stage name Pitbull, is an American rapper, singer-songwriter and record producer. His first recorded performance was from the Lil Jon album Kings of Crunk in 2002, after which he released his debut album in 2004 titled M.I.A.M.I. under TVT Records...

     and Lil Jon
    Lil Jon
    Jonathan Mortimer Smith , better known by his stage name Lil Jon, is an American rapper, music producer, entrepreneur, and occasional disc jockey who was a member of the group Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz. Lil Jon formed the group in 1997, and the group released several albums between then and 2004...

  • "Come Dig It" - Machel Montano
    Machel Montano
    Machel Montano is a soca singer, record producer and songwriter based in the Trinidad and Tobago....

  • "Big Truck" - Machel Montano
    Machel Montano
    Machel Montano is a soca singer, record producer and songwriter based in the Trinidad and Tobago....

  • "Dollar Wine" - Byron Lee
    Byron Lee
    Byron Lee OD, OJ was a musician, record producer, and entrepreneur, best known for his work as leader of Byron Lee and the Dragonaires.-Biography:Lee was born in Christiana in Manchester Parish to an Afro-Jamaican mother and a Chinese father Byron Lee OD, OJ (born Byron Aloysius St. Elmo Lee, 27...

     (originally recorded by Colin Lucas and Sound Revolution
    Crazy (calypsonian)
    Edwin Ayoung is better known as Crazy is a Trinidad and Tobago calypsonian.Ayoung was born to Chinese Trinidadian father and a Venezuelan mother. Often called the "Loveable Lunatic of Soca", he is artistically underrated in his native land but one of the most commercially successful artists on...

    )
  • "All I Know" - Claudete Peters
  • "Expose" - Tizzy
  • "Ragga Ragga" - Red Plastic Bag
    Red Plastic Bag
    Stedson Wiltshire, better known by the sobriquet of Red Plastic Bag, RPB, or merely Bag, is a calypsonian from Barbados. He has won the Barbadian calypso monarch competition a record nine times. Hailing from the eastern, rural Barbadian parish of Saint Philip, RPB became one of few performers from...

  • "Tradewinds" - England Cold
  • "Nookie"- Jamesy P
    Jamesy P
    Jamesy P is a Caribbean musician who released a single in 2005 called "Nookie"...

  • Whine Pon It" (( maddzart ))

Some R&B, hip-hop and pop songs said to have been heavily influenced by calypso include:
  • "Rock the Boat" - Aaliyah
    Aaliyah
    Aaliyah Dana Haughton , who performed under the mononym Aaliyah , was an American R&B recording artist, actress and model. She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in Detroit, Michigan. At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show Star Search and performed in concert alongside...

  • "P.I.M.P." - 50 Cent
    50 Cent
    Curtis James Jackson III , better known by his stage name 50 Cent, is an American rapper, entrepreneur, investor, record producer, and actor. He rose to fame with the release of his albums Get Rich or Die Tryin and The Massacre . Get Rich or Die Tryin has been certified eight times platinum by...

  • "Ain't No Crime" - Positive K
    Positive K
    Darryl Gibson, better known by his stage name Positive K , is an American emcee from the Bronx, New York City, New York, and is one of the original artists of the First Priority Music camp...

     (which uses a sample of the song "Heaven and Hell" by 20th Century Steel Band)
  • "(Nothing But) Flowers" - Talking Heads
    Talking Heads
    Talking Heads were an American New Wave and avant-garde band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth and Jerry Harrison...

  • "All Night Long" - Lionel Richie
    Lionel Richie
    Lionel Brockman Richie, Jr. , is an American singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. Since 1968, he has been a member of the musical group Commodores signed to Motown Records...

  • "Bumpy Ride" - Mohombi
    Mohombi
    Mohombi Nzasi Moupondo , known professionally as Mohombi, is a Swedish-Congolese R&B singer-songwriter and dancer. He grew up in one of Stockholm's suburbs called Norsborg, Stockholm. Mohombi is RedOne's first signing to 2101 Records in joint venture with Universal Music Group...

  • "Poppa Joe" - Sweet
    Sweet (band)
    Sweet was a British rock band that rose to worldwide fame in the 1970s as one of the most prominent glam rock acts, with the classic line-up of lead vocalist Brian Connolly, bass player Steve Priest, guitarist Andy Scott, and drummer Mick Tucker.Sweet was formed in 1968 and achieved their first...


In media

  • Television - Soca music videos are played on a several television channels including CaribVision
    CaribVision
    CaribVision is an internationally-broadcast English language television channel run by the Caribbean Media Corporation 's national broadcast centre on the island of Barbados...

    , Centric, Synergy TV
    Synergy TV
    Synergy Television ' is the first music oriented channel, serving Trinidad and Tobago. The channel was founded by Peter C. Lewis former Xtatik band member and host of the highly popular Pete's Picks which also airs on Synergy TV. The channel airs music videos of local and regional artists...

    , and Tempo TV
  • Radio Stations dedicated to Soca Music - Flagz Radio
    Flagz Radio
    Flagz Radio is an online radio station established in 2008, which specialises in playing Soca music twenty four hours a day with no talk....

     - Plays Soca Music with no talk 24hours a day 365 days a year - Playing music from all the islands and countries
  • Video Games- Soca music game is available to play for free on Facebook's Platform. The game is Called Jamtap and features many soca as well as reggae songs. http://jamtapgame.com

See also

  • Calypso
    Calypso music
    Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from African and European roots. The roots of the genre lay in the arrival of enslaved Africans, who, not being allowed to speak with each other, communicated through song...

  • Cadence-lypso
    Cadence-lypso
    Cadence-lypso, popularized as simply Cadence is a cultural music of Dominica based in Guadeloupe in the early 1970s. Cadence-lypso is a fusion of Dominican and Caribbean/Latin rhythms and has totally revolutionized the music scence in its genre, and it has now become the main dance Music of...

  • Chutney music
    Chutney music
    Chutney music is a form indigenous to the southern Caribbean, originating in Trinidad. It derives elements from traditional Indian music and popular Trinidadian Soca music.-History:...

  • Caribbean music bands
  • Caribbean Carnival
    Caribbean Carnival
    Caribbean Carnival is the term used for a number of events that take place in many of the Caribbean islands annually.The Caribbean's Carnivals all have several common themes all originating from Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, based on folklore, culture, religion,and tradition, not on amusement...

  • Carnival Road March
    Carnival Road March
    The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the "judging points" along the parade route during Carnival. The Road March title is among the most prestigious titles in Trinidad Carnival. In Trinidad and Tobago the most Road march titles have gone to the Mighty Sparrow and...

  • Riddim
    Riddim
    Riddim is the Jamaican Patois pronunciation of the English word "rhythm," but in dancehall/reggae parlance it refers to the instrumental accompaniment to a song. Thus, a dancehall song consists of the riddim plus the "voicing" sung by the deejay. The resulting song structure may be taken for...


External links

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