Smolajny
Encyclopedia
Smolajny s is a village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...

 in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto
Gmina Dobre Miasto
Gmina Dobre Miasto is an urban-rural gmina in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Dobre Miasto, which lies approximately north of the regional capital Olsztyn....

, within Olsztyn County
Olsztyn County
Olsztyn County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Olsztyn, although the city...

, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, or Warmia-Masuria Province , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Olsztyn...

, in northern Poland. It lies on the Łyna River, approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Dobre Miasto
Dobre Miasto
Dobre Miasto is a town in Poland, in Olsztyn County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It has 10,579 inhabitants . It is situated in the northwestern part of the Masurian Lake District in the heart of the historical region Warmia...

 and 28 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn
Olsztyn
Olsztyn is a city in northeastern Poland, on the Łyna River. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship...

. The village has a population of 720.

History

The Warmia
Warmia
Warmia or Ermland is a region between Pomerelia and Masuria in northeastern Poland. Together with Masuria, it forms the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship....

n village of Schmoleinen was founded in 1290 near Guttstadt (Dobre Miasto
Dobre Miasto
Dobre Miasto is a town in Poland, in Olsztyn County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It has 10,579 inhabitants . It is situated in the northwestern part of the Masurian Lake District in the heart of the historical region Warmia...

) and Allenstein (Olsztyn
Olsztyn
Olsztyn is a city in northeastern Poland, on the Łyna River. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship...

) by Ermland (Warmia
Warmia
Warmia or Ermland is a region between Pomerelia and Masuria in northeastern Poland. Together with Masuria, it forms the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship....

) Bishop Heinrich Fleming.
From 1350 it served as the summer residence of the prince-bishops of Warmia
Bishops of Warmia
This is a list of Bishops and Prince-Bishops of the Diocese of Warmia The Bishopric was founded in 1243 as the Bishopric of Ermland, one of four bishoprics of Teutonic Prussia. In 1356 it became an Imperial Prince-Bishopric under Emperor Charles IV, and from 1512 until the 20th century it was an...

. It was destroyed by war in 1414, 1454, 1519–21 and 1709 and was rebuilt each time.

In 1945, after the collapse of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

, Warmia and Schmoleinen were taken over by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

, then transferred to Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 as part of the Recovered Territories
Recovered Territories
Recovered or Regained Territories was an official term used by the People's Republic of Poland to describe those parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II...

. Smolajny has since remained part of Poland.

In 1975–98 Smolajny belonged administratively to Olsztyn Voivodeship
Olsztyn Voivodeship
Olsztyn Voivodeship was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1745-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship...

.

Monuments

Located in Smolajny is a former summer palace restored in 1741–43 in the Rococo
Rococo
Rococo , also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate, florid, and playful...

 style by Prince-Bishop Adam Stanisław Grabowski. The palace became the favorite residence of the famous satirist and fabulist
Fable
A fable is a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which are anthropomorphized , and that illustrates a moral lesson , which may at the end be expressed explicitly in a pithy maxim.A fable differs from...

, Prince-Bishop Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Krasicki , from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno , was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet , a critic of the clergy, Poland's La Fontaine, author of the first Polish novel, playwright, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator from French and...

, who had served as Bishop Grabowski's coadjutor. Krasicki established there a beautiful park and built a gate tower (1765). The palace building is presently used by an agricultural school.

The village also features 18th- and 19th-century houses.

External links




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