Sjenica
Encyclopedia
Sjenica is a town and municipality in the Zlatibor District
of Serbia
. The population of the town, according to 2011 census, is 13,056 inhabitants, while the municipality has 25,448.
. Voivode Stefan Vasoje, the son of King Stefan Konstantin
(r. 1321-1322), received Sjenica as an appanage by Emperor Dušan the Mighty. In the years of Ottoman Empire reign, the town was used as a fortified site. On a nearby hill the Ottomans built a fortress which was demolished later. Next to the fortress, there was a merchants' quarter and some wooden residence houses. Because of its strategical, political and military significance in 19th century, Sjenica was considered as a high priority spot and therefore many military campaigns during the First Serbian Uprising
were led its way. Soon afterwards, a new turmoil came to the region with resistance movement against Sultan Mahmud II's reforms.
During World War II
the SS und Polizei Selbschutz Regiment or Kampfgruppe Krempler of SS Standartenführer
and SS-und Polizeiführer Karl von Krempler
was stationed here.
Note: Most of those who in 1991 census declared themselves as Muslims by nationality
, in the next census in 2002 part declared themselves as Bosniaks
, while some of them still declared themselves as a Muslims by nationality.
Zlatibor District
Zlatibor District is a district in the western, mountainous part of the Republic of Serbia. The district was named after the mountain region of Zlatibor. According to the 2011 Census Data, the Zlatibor District has a population of 284,729 people...
of Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. The population of the town, according to 2011 census, is 13,056 inhabitants, while the municipality has 25,448.
History
It's an old town firstly mentioned in 1253 as a place where many merchants rested and paid taxes while going to DubrovnikDubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
. Voivode Stefan Vasoje, the son of King Stefan Konstantin
Stefan Konstantin
Stephen Constantine was the King of Serbia briefly for a year 1321–1322. He initially held the appanage of Zeta . He was the only pretender to the Serbian thone, after his father had exiled his younger brother and initial heir Stefan Uroš III...
(r. 1321-1322), received Sjenica as an appanage by Emperor Dušan the Mighty. In the years of Ottoman Empire reign, the town was used as a fortified site. On a nearby hill the Ottomans built a fortress which was demolished later. Next to the fortress, there was a merchants' quarter and some wooden residence houses. Because of its strategical, political and military significance in 19th century, Sjenica was considered as a high priority spot and therefore many military campaigns during the First Serbian Uprising
First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising was the first stage of the Serbian Revolution , the successful wars of independence that lasted for 9 years and approximately 9 months , during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and...
were led its way. Soon afterwards, a new turmoil came to the region with resistance movement against Sultan Mahmud II's reforms.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the SS und Polizei Selbschutz Regiment or Kampfgruppe Krempler of SS Standartenführer
Standartenführer
Standartenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in the so-called Nazi combat-organisations: SA, SS, NSKK and the NSFK...
and SS-und Polizeiführer Karl von Krempler
Karl von Krempler
Karl von Krempler was a senior SS Standartenführer and SS-und Polizeiführer during World War II responsible for recruiting Muslims from Bosnia and the Sanjak region into the Waffen SS....
was stationed here.
1991 census
In 1991, the population of the municipality of Sjenica was composed of:- Muslims by nationalityMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
(76.11%) - SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
and Montenegrins (22.63%) - Others.
2002 census
In 2002, the population of the municipality was composed of:- BosniaksBosniaksThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
(73.34%) - SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
(23.50%) - Muslims by nationalityMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
(2.36%) - Others.
Note: Most of those who in 1991 census declared themselves as Muslims by nationality
Muslims by nationality
Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, in the next census in 2002 part declared themselves as Bosniaks
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
, while some of them still declared themselves as a Muslims by nationality.