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Sirmium in Pannonia should not be confused with Sirmio
Sirmio

Sirmio is a promontory at the southern end of Lake Garda, projecting 21 miles into the lake. It is celebrated from its connection with Catullus, for the large ruins of a Roman villa on the promontory have been supposed to be his country house....
 on Lake Garda
Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
, Vojvodina
Vojvodina

The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an Subdivisions of Serbia in Serbia, containing about 27% of its total population according to the 2002 Census....
 province, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
) was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia
Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
. Sirmium originally was an Illyrian
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
 town conquered by the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
.






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Sirmium in Pannonia should not be confused with Sirmio
Sirmio

Sirmio is a promontory at the southern end of Lake Garda, projecting 21 miles into the lake. It is celebrated from its connection with Catullus, for the large ruins of a Roman villa on the promontory have been supposed to be his country house....
 on Lake Garda
Solidus Julian
Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
, Vojvodina
Vojvodina

The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an Subdivisions of Serbia in Serbia, containing about 27% of its total population according to the 2002 Census....
 province, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
) was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia
Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
. Sirmium originally was an Illyrian
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
 town conquered by the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. The present day region of Srem
Srem

Srem [] is a town on the Warta river in central Poland. It has been situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999; from 1975 to 1998 it was part of the Poznan Voivodeship....
, Syrmia
Syrmia

Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
, was named after this city.

History

For the post-Roman history of the town, see Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....


Sirmium was one of the oldest human settlements in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
. Archaeologists have found a trace of organized human
Human

A human being, also human or man, is a member of a species of bipedalism primates in the family Hominidae . Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago....
 life on the site of Sirmium dating from the 5000 BC. When the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 conquered the city in the 1st century BC, Sirmium already was a settlement with a long tradition.

In the 1st century, Sirmium gained a status of a colony of the citizens of Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
, and became a very important military and strategic location in Pannonia
Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
 province. The war expeditions of Roman emperors Traian, Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....
, and Claudius II
Claudius II

Marcus Aurelius Claudius , often referred to as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was a Roman Emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years , but during that brief time he managed to obtain some successes....
, were prepared in Sirmium.

In 103, Pannonia was split into two provinces: Upper Pannonia
Upper Pannonia

The Upper Pannonia or Pannonia Superior was ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 103 AD. Upper Pannonia included parts of present-day Hungary, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Slovakia....
 and Lower Pannonia
Lower Pannonia

The Lower Pannonia or Pannonia Inferior was an ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 103 AD. The Lower Pannonia included parts of present-day Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina....
, and Sirmium became the capital city of Lower Pannonia.

In 296, Diocletian
Diocletian

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305....
 operated a new territorial division of Pannonia. Instead of previous two provinces, there were four new provinces established in former territory of original Pannonia: Pannonia Prima
Pannonia Prima

Pannonia Prima was an ancient Ancient Rome province. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. Previously, it was a part of the province of Pannonia, which was gradually divided into four administrative units: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Secunda, Pannonia Valeria, and Savia....
, Pannonia Valeria
Pannonia Valeria

The Pannonia Valeria or simply Valeria was an ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian....
, Pannonia Savia
Pannonia Savia

The Pannonia Savia, also known as Savia and Pannonia Ripariensis, was an ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian....
 and Pannonia Secunda
Pannonia Secunda

The Pannonia Secunda was ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian. The capital of the province was Sirmium ....
. Capital city of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium.

Prefecture
In 293, with the establishment of tetrarchy
Tetrarchy

Tetrarchy can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals. The term is usually used to refer to the tetrarchy instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 which lasted until c. 313....
, the Roman Empire was split into four parts; Sirmium emerged as one of the four capital cities of Roman Empire, the other three being Trier
Trier

Trier is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC. Trier is not the only city claiming to be Germany's oldest, but it is the only one that bases this assertion on having the longest history as a city, as opposed to a mere settlement or army camp....
, Mediolanum
Mediolanum

Mediolanum, the ancient Milan, was an important Celts and then Ancient Rome centre of northern Italy. This article charts the history of the city from its settlement by the Insubres around 600 BC, through its conquest by the Ancient Rome and its development into a key centre of Western Christianity and capital of the Western Roman Empire, un...
, and Nicomedia
Nicomedia

Nicomedia was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens to the Propontis. In earlier antiquity, the city was called Astacus or Olbia ....
. During the tetrarchy, Sirmium was the capital of emperor Galerius
Galerius

Galerius Maximianus , formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311....
. With the establishment of praetorian prefecture
Praetorian prefecture

The praetorian prefectures were the largest administrative divisions of the late Roman Empire, above the mid-level Roman diocese and the low-level provinces....
s in 318, the capital of the prefecture of Illyricum
Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum

The praetorian prefecture of Illyricum was one of four large praetorian prefectures into which the Late Roman Empire was divided. The administrative centre of the prefecture was initially Sirmium, and after 379 Thessalonica....
 was Sirmium. Sirmium was capital of this prefecture until 379, when the western part of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum (including Sirmium) was attached to the Praetorian prefecture of Italia
Italia (Roman province)

Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....
. The eastern part of Illyricum remained a separate prefecture with the capital in Thessalonica under the East Roman Empire.

Since the 4th century, the city was an important Christian
Christian

A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament....
 centre, and was a seat of the Episcopate of Sirmium. Five Christian councils
Council of Sirmium

The Council of Sirmium is the name primarily given to the third Council of Sirmium which marked a temporary compromise between Arianism and the Western bishops of the Christian church....
 were held in Sirmium. The city also had an emperor's palace, horse racing arena, mint
Mint (coin)

A mint is an industrial facility which manufacturing coins for currency.The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. One difference is that the history of the mint is normally related in a fashion that more closely ties to the political situation of an era....
, arena theatre, theatre, as well as many workshops, public baths, temples, public palaces and luxury villas. Ancient historian Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus

Ammianus Marcellinus was a fourth-century Ancient Rome historian. His is the last major historical account of the late Roman empire which survives today....
 called it "the glorious mother of cities".

At the end of the 4th century, Sirmium was brought under the sway of the Goths
Goths

The Goths were East Germanic tribes who, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, invasion the Roman Empire and later adopted Arian Christianity. In the 5th and 6th centuries, divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy....
, and later, was again annexed to the Eastern Roman Empire. In 441, Sirmium was conquered by the Huns
Huns

The Huns were a confederation of Central Asian Eurasian nomads or semi-nomads, who had established an empire in Eurasia. The Huns may have stimulated the Migration Period, a contributing factor in the collapse of the Roman Empire....
, and after this conquest, it remained for more than a century in the hands of various Barbarian
Barbarian

"Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage....
 tribes, such were Eastern Goths
Goths

The Goths were East Germanic tribes who, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, invasion the Roman Empire and later adopted Arian Christianity. In the 5th and 6th centuries, divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy....
 and Gepids. For a short time, Sirmium was the center of the Gepide State and the king Cunimund
Cunimund

Cunimund was a king of the Gepids in the 6th century. Cunimund was the last of the Gepid kings and led them in their defeat by the Lombards in 567....
 minted golden coins in it. After 567, Sirmium was again included into Eastern Roman Empire. The city was finally conquered and destroyed by Avars
Eurasian Avars

The 'Avars' were a highly organized and powerful Turkic confederation. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit retinue of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turkic peoples groups....
 in 582. This event marked the end of the period of late Antiquity in the history of Sirmium.

Roman emperors

, Roman Emperor (249–51), born in village Budalia near Sirmium.]] Ten Roman emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings:
  • Herennius Etruscus
    Herennius Etruscus

    Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius , was Roman Empire in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother....
     (251)
  • Hostilian
    Hostilian

    Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus , was Roman Empire in 251. Hostilian was born in Sirmium in Illyricum sometime after 230, as the son of the future emperor Decius by his wife Herennia Etruscilla....
     (251)
  • Decius Traian
    Decius

    Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus....
     (249–51)
  • Claudius II
    Claudius II

    Marcus Aurelius Claudius , often referred to as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was a Roman Emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years , but during that brief time he managed to obtain some successes....
     (268-270)
  • Quintillus
    Quintillus

    Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus was born in Sirmium in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270....
     (270)
  • Aurelian
    Aurelian

    Lucius Domitius Aurelianus , known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor , was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth....
     (270–75)
  • Probus
    Probus

    Marcus Aurelius Probus was a Roman Emperor .A native of Sirmium , in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors Valerian , Aurelian and Marcus Claudius Tacitus....
     (276–82)
  • Maximianus Herculius
    Maximian

    Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305....
     (285–310)
  • Constantius II
    Constantius II

    Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
     (337–61)
  • Gratian
    Gratian

    Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate....
     (367–83)


The last emperor of the united Roman Empire, Theodosius I
Theodosius I

Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire....
 (378–95), became emperor in Sirmium. The usurpers
Roman usurper

Usurpers are individuals or groups of individuals who obtain and maintain the power or rights of another by force and without legal authority. Usurpers were a common feature of the late Roman Empire, especially from the crisis of the third century onwards, when political instability became the rule....
 Ingenuus
Ingenuus

Ingenuus was a Roman military commander who held a senior military command in Pannonia. He had been charged with the military education of caesar Valerian II, the young son of Emperor Gallienus, but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous....
 and Regalianus
Regalianus

P. C Regalianus was a Roman usurper against Gallienus.The main source of information is the unreliable Historia Augusta. Other sources are Eutropius, who calls him Trebellianus, and Aurelius Victor and the Epitome, which call him Regillianus....
 also declared themselves emperors in this city (in 260) and many other Roman emperors spent some time in Sirmium including Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....
 who might have written parts of his famous work Meditations
Meditations

Meditations is the title of a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius setting forth his ideas on Stoic philosophy.Marcus Aurelius wrote the 12 books of the Meditations in "highly-educated" Koine Greek as a source for his own guidance and self-improvement....
 in the city.

Archeological findings

  • In early 1970s American
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
     archeologists sponsored by the US Government made an offer to the citizens of Sremska Mitrovica
    Sremska Mitrovica

    Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
     to completely rebuild the town on another location so that the town could be excavated. The town government refused the request immediately, under pressure from the then socialist Yugoslav
    Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

    The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and in Slovene language: Socialisticna Federativna Republika Jugoslavija The Slovene language name also uses this Gaj?s Latin alphabet version with a slight difference in spelling....
     government.


  • During work on the new Sremska Mitrovica
    Sremska Mitrovica

    Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
     trade center in 1972, a worker accidentally broke into an old Roman
    Ancient Rome

    Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
     pot, about 2m deep, over the site of an old Sirmium settlement. 33 gold Roman coins enclosed in a leather pouch were found inside a Roman house wall, probably the hidden savings of a wealthy Roman family stashed centuries ago. Of this extraordinary rare find of Sirmium minted coins were 4 Constantius II
    Constantius II

    Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
     era coins, considered the most valuable examples from the late Roman empire of the fourth century AD. Ironically, the worker's name was Zlatenko (meaning Golden, or Golden Man in Serbian
    Serbian language

    name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
    ).


  • The only known unexcavated Roman
    Ancient Rome

    Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
     horse racing arena in the world is in Sirmium. A colossal building about 150m wide and 450m long lays directly under the Sremska Mitrovica
    Sremska Mitrovica

    Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
     town center and just beside the old Sirmium Emperor's Palace (one of just a few Sirmium publicly accessible archeological sights). The presence of the arena has clearly affected the layout of the present town (Sremska Mitrovica
    Sremska Mitrovica

    Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
     is today about 2–4m above ground line of former Sirmium settlement). Recently announced cultural and archeological projects for preserving and popularising Sirmium sights haven't included any activity dealing with the arena, probably due to the extent of the large arena — the entire present town center might have to be excavated.


Famous residents

  • Marcus Aurelius
    Marcus Aurelius

    Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....
    , Roman emperor (161-180), used Sirmium as a residence in between Pannonian military campaigns 170-180
  • Maximinus
    Maximinus Thrax

    Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome....
    , Roman emperor (235-238), ruled from residence in Sirmium.
  • Herennius Etruscus
    Herennius Etruscus

    Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius , was Roman Empire in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother....
    , Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium.
  • Hostilian
    Hostilian

    Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus , was Roman Empire in 251. Hostilian was born in Sirmium in Illyricum sometime after 230, as the son of the future emperor Decius by his wife Herennia Etruscilla....
    , Roman emperor (251), born in Sirmium
  • Decius Traian
    Decius

    Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus....
    , Roman emperor (249-251), born in village Budalia near Sirmium.
  • Ingenuus
    Ingenuus

    Ingenuus was a Roman military commander who held a senior military command in Pannonia. He had been charged with the military education of caesar Valerian II, the young son of Emperor Gallienus, but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous....
    , Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
  • Regalianus
    Regalianus

    P. C Regalianus was a Roman usurper against Gallienus.The main source of information is the unreliable Historia Augusta. Other sources are Eutropius, who calls him Trebellianus, and Aurelius Victor and the Epitome, which call him Regillianus....
    , Roman emperor (260), proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium.
  • Claudius II
    Claudius II

    Marcus Aurelius Claudius , often referred to as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was a Roman Emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years , but during that brief time he managed to obtain some successes....
    , Roman emperor (268-270), born in Sirmium and spent most of his life there.
  • Quintillus
    Quintillus

    Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus was born in Sirmium in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270....
    , Roman emperor (270), born in Sirmium
  • Aurelian
    Aurelian

    Lucius Domitius Aurelianus , known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor , was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth....
    , Roman emperor (270-275), born in Sirmium and also proclaimed emperor there.
  • Probus
    Probus

    Marcus Aurelius Probus was a Roman Emperor .A native of Sirmium , in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors Valerian , Aurelian and Marcus Claudius Tacitus....
    , Roman emperor (276-282), born in Sirmium.
  • Maximianus Herculius
    Maximian

    Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305....
    , Roman emperor (285-310), born near Sirmium.
  • Galerius
    Galerius

    Galerius Maximianus , formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311....
    , Roman emperor (305-311), ruled as Caesar during the Tetrarchy
    Tetrarchy

    Tetrarchy can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals. The term is usually used to refer to the tetrarchy instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 which lasted until c. 313....
     from residence in Sirmium (293-296).
  • Crispus
    Crispus

    Flavius Julius Crispus, also known as Flavius Claudius Crispus and Flavius Valerius Crispus was a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was the first-born son of Constantine I and Minervina....
    , a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
  • Constantine II
    Constantine II (emperor)

    Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine II, was List of Roman Emperors from 337 to 340. The eldest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, he was born at Arles, and was raised as a Christian....
    , a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was proclaimed Caesar in Sirmium in 317.
  • Vetranio
    Vetranio

    Vetranio , born in the province of Moesia in a part of the region located in modern Serbia, is sometimes but apparently incorrectly referred to as Vetriano....
    n, Roman emperor. Proclaimed himself emperor in Sirmium (in 350).
  • Constantius II
    Constantius II

    Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
    , Roman emperor (337-361), born in Sirmium.
  • Gratian
    Gratian

    Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate....
    , Roman emperor (367-383), born in Sirmium.
  • Theodosius I the Great, Roman emperor (378-395). He became emperor in Sirmium.
  • Valerius Licinius, prefect of the Diocese of Pannonia
    Diocese of Pannonia

    The Diocese of Pannonia , from 379 known as the Diocese of Illyricum, was a Roman diocese of the Late Roman Empire. The seat of the vicarius was Sirmium....
     with residence in Sirmium (308-314).
  • Apricanus, prefect of the Pannonia Secunda
    Pannonia Secunda

    The Pannonia Secunda was ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian. The capital of the province was Sirmium ....
     province with residence in Sirmium (355).
  • Mesala, prefect of the Pannonia Secunda province (373).
  • Petronius Prob, prefect in Sirmium (374).
  • Aurelius Victor
    Aurelius Victor

    Sextus Aurelius Victor was an historian and politician of the Roman Empire.Aurelius Victor was the author of a History of Rome from Augustus to Julian the Apostate , published ca....
    , prefect of the Pannonia Secunda province (369), and author of a History of Rome until the reign of Julian
    Julian

    Julian, also spelt Julien, is a common given name in United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Poland, France and elsewhere in Europe, mostly to males but also to females....
    .
  • Leontius, prefect in Sirmium (426).


Further reading

  • Petar Miloševic, Arheologija i istorija Sirmijuma, Novi Sad, 2001.
  • Radomir Popovic, Rano hrišcanstvo u Panoniji, Vojvodanski godišnjak, sveska I, Novi Sad, 1995.


See also

  • Sremska Mitrovica
    Sremska Mitrovica

    Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
  • Council of Sirmium
    Council of Sirmium

    The Council of Sirmium is the name primarily given to the third Council of Sirmium which marked a temporary compromise between Arianism and the Western bishops of the Christian church....
  • Syrmia
    Syrmia

    Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
  • Tetrarchy
    Tetrarchy

    Tetrarchy can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals. The term is usually used to refer to the tetrarchy instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 which lasted until c. 313....
  • Praetorian prefecture
    Praetorian prefecture

    The praetorian prefectures were the largest administrative divisions of the late Roman Empire, above the mid-level Roman diocese and the low-level provinces....
  • Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
    Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum

    The praetorian prefecture of Illyricum was one of four large praetorian prefectures into which the Late Roman Empire was divided. The administrative centre of the prefecture was initially Sirmium, and after 379 Thessalonica....
  • Roman provinces
  • Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....


External links