Siria
Encyclopedia
Şiria is a commune
Communes of Romania
A commune is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a county .There is no clear restriction on the population of a commune, even though when a commune...

 in Arad County
Arad County
Arad is an administrative division of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crişana and few villages in Banat. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of Arad...

, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

. According to the 2002 census it had 8,140 inhabitants.

The administrative territory of the commune is 12106 hectares (29,914.6 acre) and it lies in the contact zone of the Arad Plateau and Zărandului Mountains. It is composed of three villages: Galşa, Mâsca and Şiria (situated at 28 kilometres (17.4 mi) from Arad).

Population

According to the last census, the population of the commune counts 8,140 inhabitants, of which 81.3% are Romanians,
4.4% Hungarians, 12.0% Roms, 1.8% Germans, 0.2% Ukrainians and 0.3% are of other or undeclared nationalities.

History

The first documentary record of Șiria dates back to 1169. Galșa was attested documentarily in 1202 or 1203, and Mîsca in 1331.

In 1785 it was destroyed by the troops of the Habsburg Empire.

In 1849, the village was part of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...

 and it was a venue for the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas
Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas
From March 1848 through July 1849, the Habsburg Austrian Empire was threatened by revolutionary movements. Much of the revolutionary activity was of a nationalist character: the empire, ruled from Vienna, included Austrian Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians,...

, including the Surrender at Világos
Surrender at Világos
The Surrender at Világos took place on 13 August 1849 at Világos, and formally ended the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. After it, Julius Jacob von Haynau became the regent of Hungary and took bloody reprisals against Hungary...

: on 13 August 1849 the Hungarian army led by Artúr Görgey
Artúr Görgey
----Artúr Görgey de Görgő et Toporcz was a Hungarian military leader.He was born at Toporz in Upper Hungary of a Hungarian noble family of originally Zipser German descent who immigrated to Upper Hungary during the reign of king Géza II . During the reformation they were converted to Protestantism...

 surrendered to the Russian
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 general Rüdiger on the field below Șiria Castle, which brought an end to the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...

.

Economy

Şiria is a very poor village and currently the Non-profit organization (NetWorks) has its base of operations there.

Although the economy of the commune is prevalent agricultural, the secondary and tertiary economic sectors have also
developed recently. Șiria commune is known as an important viticultural
Viticulture
Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture...

 centre of the region. Its resources include granite
Granite
Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic...

 and limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....

, mined in Galșa.

Tourism

The ruin of Șiria's castle dates to the 13th century. Over time, it was possessed by John Hunyadi (1444), then was occupied by the rebels led by György Dózsa
György Dózsa
György Dózsa was a Székely Hungarian man-at-arms from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility...

 and it was Michael the Brave's military garrison. It was considered to be an important strategic point of the region.

Other tourist sights are the church in Șiria built between 1700 and 1750, Emil Monţia's grave, the "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" built in 1746 and the 7th-century Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...

 castle in Galșa, the "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" in Mîsca dating back to 1703, and the Feredeu monastery.

Notable people

The name of the commune is marked by two illustrious personalities: Ioan Slavici
Ioan Slavici
Ioan Slavici was a Transylvanian-born Romanian writer and journalist. He made his debut in Convorbiri literare , with the comedy Fata de birău...

, Romanian writer (1848 – - 1925) and Emil Monţia, famous Romanian composer. Their memory is evoked by the permanent expositions of the "Ioan Slavici
Ioan Slavici
Ioan Slavici was a Transylvanian-born Romanian writer and journalist. He made his debut in Convorbiri literare , with the comedy Fata de birău...

" Memorial Museum installed in the "Bohuș" castle, an architectural monument built in neoclassic style in 1838. Here, in front of the museum can be seen the busts of Ioan Slavici, Mihai Eminescu
Mihai Eminescu
Mihai Eminescu was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, often regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and he worked as an editor for the newspaper Timpul , the official newspaper of the Conservative Party...

 and Ioan Rusu Șirianu, as well as the statue of baroness Antonia Bohuș.

Şiria transmitter

Şiria transmitter is a facility for FM/TV-broadcasting situated at 46°15′53"N 21°39′49"E. It uses a guyed lattice steel mast with an unusually large rectangular cross section.
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