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Sin-Itiro Tomonaga or Shin'ichiro Tomonaga (?? ??? Tomonaga Shin'ichiro, March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979) was a Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics

Quantum electrodynamics is a relativity theory quantum field theory of electrodynamics. QED was developed by a number of physicists, beginning in the late 1920s....
, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
 in 1965 along with Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
 and Julian Schwinger
Julian Schwinger

Julian Seymour Schwinger was an United States theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order....
.

naga was born in Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
 in 1906. He was the second child and eldest boy of a Japanese philosopher, Sanjuro Tomonaga.






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Sin-Itiro Tomonaga or Shin'ichiro Tomonaga (?? ??? Tomonaga Shin'ichiro, March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979) was a Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics

Quantum electrodynamics is a relativity theory quantum field theory of electrodynamics. QED was developed by a number of physicists, beginning in the late 1920s....
, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
 in 1965 along with Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
 and Julian Schwinger
Julian Schwinger

Julian Seymour Schwinger was an United States theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order....
.

Biography

Tomonaga was born in Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
 in 1906. He was the second child and eldest boy of a Japanese philosopher, Sanjuro Tomonaga. He entered the Kyoto Imperial University
Kyoto University

, or is a major Japanese national university in Kyoto, Japan. It is the second oldest university in Japan, and formerly one of the Imperial university of Japan....
 in 1926. Hideki Yukawa
Hideki Yukawa

n? , was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel prize....
, also a Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
 winner, was one of his classmates during undergraduate school. During graduate school at the same university, he worked as an assistant in the university for three years. After graduate school, he joined Nishina
Yoshio Nishina

Yoshio Nishina was a Japanese physicist. He was a friend of Niels Bohr, and a close associate of Albert Einstein. Nishina was a world-class scientist with excellent leadership qualities....
's group in Riken
RIKEN

is a large natural sciences research institute in Japan. Founded in 1917, it now has approximately 3000 scientists on seven campuses across Japan, the main one in Wako, Saitama, just outside Tokyo....
. In 1937, while working in Leipzig, he collaborated with the research group of Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg was a German Theoretical physics who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory....
. Two years later, he returned to Japan due to the outbreak of the Second World War, but finished his doctoral degree on the study of nuclear
Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei.The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power and nuclear weapons, but the research field is also the basis for a far wider range of applications, including in the medical sector , in materials engineering...
 materials with his thesis on work he had done while in Leipzig.

In Japan, he was appointed to a professorship in the Tokyo University of Education (a forerunner of Tsukuba University). During the war he studied the magnetron, meson
Meson

In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family ? particles made of quarks....
 theory, and his "super-many-time" theory. In 1948, he and his students re-examined a 1939 paper by Sidney Dancoff
Sidney Dancoff

Sidney Michael Dancoff was an United States theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm-Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for solving quantum electrodynamics ....
 that attempted, but failed, to show that the infinite quantities that arise in QED
Quantum electrodynamics

Quantum electrodynamics is a relativity theory quantum field theory of electrodynamics. QED was developed by a number of physicists, beginning in the late 1920s....
 can be canceled with each other. Tomonaga applied his super-many-time theory and a relativistic method based on the non-relativistic method of Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist noted for his work on spin , and for the discovery of the Pauli exclusion principle underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry....
 and Fierz to greatly speed up and clarify the calculations. Then he and his students found that Dancoff had overlooked one term in the perturbation series
Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)

In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation theory for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one....
. With this term, the theory gave finite results; thus Tomonaga discovered the renormalization
Renormalization

In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similarity geometric structures, renormalization refers to a collection of techniques used to take a continuum limit....
 method independently of Julian Schwinger
Julian Schwinger

Julian Seymour Schwinger was an United States theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order....
 and calculated physical quantities such as the Lamb shift
Lamb shift

In physics, the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb , is a small difference in energy between two energy levels and of the hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics....
 at the same time.

In the next year, he was invited by Robert Oppenheimer
Robert Oppenheimer

Julius Robert Oppenheimer was an American theoretical physics and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is best known for his role as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons at the secret Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico....
 to work at the Institute for Advanced Study
Institute for Advanced Study

The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, is a center for theoretical research. The Institute is perhaps best known as the academic home of Albert Einstein, John von Neumann, and Kurt G?del, after their immigration to the United States....
 in Princeton Township
Princeton Township, New Jersey

See also: the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey and Princeton, New Jersey, New JerseyPrinceton Township is a Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States....
. He studied a many-body problem
Many-body problem

The many-body problem may be defined as the study of the effects of interaction between bodies on the behaviour of a many-body system, i.e. a closed system which does not contain just a few bodies in action, such as the collisions discussed in classical mechanics....
 on the collective oscillations of a quantum-mechanical system. In the following year, he returned to Japan and proposed the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. In 1965, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
, with Julian Schwinger
Julian Schwinger

Julian Seymour Schwinger was an United States theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order....
 and Richard P. Feynman, for the study of QED, specifically for the discovery of the renormalization
Renormalization

In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similarity geometric structures, renormalization refers to a collection of techniques used to take a continuum limit....
 method. He died in Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
 in 1979.

See also

  • Progress of Theoretical Physics (Journal)


External links