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Silicon tetrafluoride
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Silicon tetrafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula SiF4. This tetrahedral molecule is striking because it has a remarkably narrow liquid range (its boiling point is only 4 °C above its melting point). It was first synthesized by John Davy in 1812.
PreparationSiF4 is a by-product of the production of phosphate fertilizers, resulting from the attack of HF (derived from fluoroapatite protonolysis) on silicates. In the laboratory, the compound is prepared by heating BaSiF6 >300 °C, whereupon the solid releases volatile SiF4, leaving a residue of BaF2. The required BaSiF6 is prepared by treating aqueous fluorosilicic acid with barium chloride. The corresponding GeF4 is prepared analogously, except that the thermal "cracking" requires 700 °C.
UsesThis volatile compound finds limited use in microelectronics and organic synthesis.
OccurrenceVulcanic plumes contain significant amounts of silicon tetrafluoride, the daily production can reach several tonns per day. The silicon tetrafluoride is partly hydrolysed and forms hexafluorosilicic acid.
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