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	Topics Sigma Topic Home Sigma (upper case S, lower case s; GreekAncient Greek Ancient Greek refers to the dialects of the Hellenic language family from about 1100 B.C to 600 A.D., including during the h... S??µa, lower case in word-final position ?) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabetGreek alphabet The Greek alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century BC.... , and carries the /s/ sound. In the system of Greek numeralsGreek numerals Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet.... it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word, and the word is not all upper case, the final form (?) is used. (e.g. (Odysseus) - Note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end.) Not to be confused with the cedillaCedilla A cedilla is a hook added under certain consonant letters as a diacritic mark to modify their pronunciation.... çC C or c is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiceless postalveolar affricate, and is equivalent to ... . The letter is ultimately derived from PhoenicianPhoenician alphabet The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to begin with a cut-off date ... ŠinShin (letter) Shin is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic .... ??. However, its name derives from SamekhSamekh Samekh or Simketh is the fifteenth letter in many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic, repres... . The uppercase form of sigma was borrowed into the Latin alphabetLatin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world tod... to serve as the uppercase of eshEsh (letter) Summary Esh is a character used in conjunction with the Latin alphabet, introduced by Isaac Pitman in his 1847 Phonotypic Alphabet t... (lowercase: ). Lunate sigma In Eastern forms of Greek writing (as opposed to the Western Greek alphabet used in the European Greek colonies) and in the Middle Ages, the lunate sigma (upper case , lower case ) — which resembles, but which is not at all related to, the Latin letterLatin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world tod... CC C or c is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiceless postalveolar affricate, and is equivalent to ... — was often used. Lunate sigma was frequently used for writing Medieval GreekMedieval Greek Medieval Greek is a linguistic term that describes the fourth period in the history of the Greek language.... , and it can still sometimes be seen in inscriptions in Greek Orthodox churchesEastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that encompasses national jurisdictions such as the Greek Orthodox, Russian ... , but also in certain printed editions of classical authors. The form of the Cyrillic letterCyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic alphabet is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages; and many other languages of the for... ?Es (Cyrillic) Es is the nineteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.... [s] and Coptic letterCoptic alphabet The Coptic alphabet is an alphabet used for writing the Coptic language.... sima are derived from lunate sigma. On coins from the Hellenistic period in India, the script of later coins sometimes use lunate sigma. This sigma continued to be written this way also in Medieval GreekMedieval Greek Medieval Greek is a linguistic term that describes the fourth period in the history of the Greek language.... . A dotted lunate sigma (sigma periestigmenon, encoded at U+03FE ) is used by Aristarchus of SamothraceAristarchus of Samothrace Aristarchus, from the Greek island of Samothrace, was a grammarian and is noted as the most influential of all scholars of H... as an editorial sign indicating that the line so marked is at an incorrect position. Similarly, an antisigmaAntisigma Antisigma, a reversed lunate sigma, encoded at U+03FD may represent... (encoded at U+03FD ) may mark a line that is out of place. A dotted antisigma (antisigma periestigmenon, encoded at U+03FF ) may indicate a line after which rearrangements should be made, or to variant readings of uncertain priority. Science and mathematics Upper case S is used as a symbol for: the summationSummation Summation is the addition of a set of numbers; the result is their sum.... operator a class of baryonBaryon In particle physics, the baryons are the family of subatomic particles which are made of three quarks.... s in particle physicsParticle physics Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactio... macroscopic cross sectionCross section Cross section can refer to:* Cross section, the intersection of a 3-dimensional body with a plane... s in nuclearNuclear physics Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom.... and particle physicsParticle physics Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactio... in economicsEconomics In the social sciences, economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services..... this letter is for the balanceBalance For meanings of the word balance, or imbalance see:... of the invoice classes, the overall amount of the debts and demands in linguistics and computer science it is used to refer to the set of symbols that form an alphabet Lower case s is used for: sigma bondSigma bond In chemistry, sigma bonds are chemical bonds of the covalent type, where a single lobe of one involved electron orbita... s in chemistryChemistry Chemistry is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms .... the parametric standard deviationStandard deviation In probability and statistics, the standard deviation of a probability distribution, random variable, or population or multi... of a population (as opposed to a sample) in statisticsStatistics Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.... a quality model for business, Six SigmaSix Sigma Six Sigma is a methodology to manage process variations that cause defects, defined as unacceptable deviation from the mean ... , based on the standard deviationStandard deviation In probability and statistics, the standard deviation of a probability distribution, random variable, or population or multi... , often referred to as "6s" sigma-algebraSigma-algebra In mathematics, a s-algebra or s-field over a set X is a collection S of subsets of X that is closed under co... s, sigma-fields and sigma-finitenessSigma-finite measure In mathematics, a positive measure μ defined on a σ-algebra Σ of subsets of a set X is called finite, if ... in measure theoryMeasure (mathematics) In mathematics, a measure is a function that assigns a number, e.g., a "size", "volume", or "probability", to subsets of a g... ; more generally, the symbol s serves as a shorthand for "countablyCountable set In mathematics, a countable set is a set with the same cardinality as some subset of the set of natural numbers.... ", e.g. a s-compact topological spaceTopological space Topological spaces are structures that allow one to formalize concepts such as convergence, connectedness and continuity.... is one that can be written as a countable unionUnion (set theory) In set theory and other branches of mathematics, the union of a collection of sets is the set that contains everything that ... of compact subsetsCompact space In mathematics, a subset of Euclidean space Rn is called compact if it is closed and bounded.... . the sum-of-divisors functionDivisor function In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetical function related to the divisors of... in number theoryNumber theory Number theory is the branch of pure mathematics concerned with the properties of numbers in general, and integers in particu... the Stefan-Boltzmann constantStefan-Boltzmann constant The Stefan-Boltzmann constant , a physical constant denoted by the Greek letter s, is the constant of proportionality in the... the "sigma factorSigma factor A sigma factor is a prokaryotic initiation enzyme factor that must be part of RNA polymerase for attachment to promoter site... " of RNA polymeraseRNA polymerase RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for making RNA from a DNA template.... a measure of electrical conductivityElectrical conductivity Summary Electrical conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.... Normal stressStress (physics) A mature tree trunk may support a greater force than a fine steel wire but intuitively we feel that steel is stronger than wood.... in continuum mechanicsContinuum mechanics Continuum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with continuous matter, including both solids and fluids .... volatility of a stockStock In financial markets, stock is the capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and distribution of shares.... generally needed for options pricing a syllableFacts About Syllable A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.... in phonologyFacts About Phonology Phonology , is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language .... the spectrum of a matrix , denoted as , in applied mathematicsApplied mathematics Applied Mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the mathematical techniques typically used in the a... surface tensionSurface tension In physics, surface tension is an effect within the surface layer of a liquid that causes that layer to behave as an elastic... In relational algebra sigma is used to define the unary operation selection on a database relation. Politics During the 1930s, an upper case S was in use as the symbol of the Ação Integralista BrasileiraFacts About Brazilian Integralism Brazilian Integralism was a fascist political movement created in April 1933.... , a radical right-wing party in BrazilBrazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest and most populous country in South America, and ... . Popular culture and use in fiction In a practice similar to faux CyrillicFaux Cyrillic Graphic designers sometimes employ faux Cyrillic typography to give a Soviet or Russian feel to text, by replacing Latin let... , capital sigmas are sometimes used in place of Roman EE The letter E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet.... to give a Greek flavour to titles or text. Author James RollinsJames Rollins Under the pen name James Rollins, veterinarian Dr.... 's books contain a fictional government agency known as Sigma Force. Mercury-Atlas 8Mercury-Atlas 8 Mercury-Atlas 8 was a Mercury program manned space mission launched on October 3, 1962.... was called Sigma 7. Sigma 2,3,5,6,7,8,9 computers produced by Xerox Data SystemsXerox Xerox Corporation is an American document management company, which manufactures and sells a range of color and black-and-... in the 1970s following purchase of SDS, Scientific Data Systems, by it. Successful range of scientific computers similar to IBM 370's. is the name of a system for ontologyOntology In philosophy, ontology is the study of being or existence.... development and reasoning There is a sorority named Sigma Sigma SigmaSigma Sigma Sigma Sigma Sigma Sigma, also known as Tri Sigma or Sigma, is a national American womens sorority with membership of m... . Along with other Greek letters, it is used as a classification of the strength of a PSI technique. Sigma XiSigma Xi Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society, founded in 1886, is a non-profit honor society of about 62,000 scientists and eng... , The Scientific Research Society, was founded 1886 at Cornell UniversityCornell University Cornell University is a private research university located in Ithaca, New York.... as an honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Zeta, the honor society for undergraduate science, math, and computer science founded at Shurtleff College in Alton, Illinois, in the autumn of 1925. See also AntisigmaAntisigma Antisigma, a reversed lunate sigma, encoded at U+03FD may represent... Disigma SampiSampi Sampi is an obsolete letter of the Greek alphabet and has a numeric value of 900 when used as a mathematical character....