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The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range
Mountain range

A mountain range is a chain of mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by mountain pass or valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different orogeny, for example volcanoes, uplifted mountains or Fold mountains...
 in northeastern Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
 south through Nuevo León
Nuevo León

Nuevo Le?n is a States of Mexico located in northeastern Mexico. It borders the states of Tamaulipas to the north and east and San Luis Potos? to the south, and Coahuila to the west....
, southwest Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas

Tamaulipas is one of the 31 States of Mexico of Mexico and is located in the northeast....
, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí

The Mexico state of San Luis Potos? has an area of .It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, It borders Coahuila to the north, Nuevo Leon to the north-east, Tamaulipas to the east, Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo, Queretaro, and Guanajuato to the south,and Zacatecas to the north-west....
, Querétaro
Querétaro

Quer?taro is a state in the center of M?xico.Its capital is the city of Santiago de Quer?taro, although in general parlance the name "Quer?taro" is used for both the city and the state....
, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla
Puebla

Puebla is a Political divisions of Mexico located in the center east of the country, to the east of Mexico City.The state of Puebla borders the states of Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo , Mexico State, Tlaxcala, and Morelos to the west, and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south....
, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volcánico Transversal of central Mexico.

The highest point is Cerro San Rafael, at 3700 metres above sea level, is the highest point of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Sierra Madre Oriental

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo Le?n, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volc?nico Transversal of central Mexico....
 and the state of Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
 and the second in Mexico in isolation.






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The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range
Mountain range

A mountain range is a chain of mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by mountain pass or valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different orogeny, for example volcanoes, uplifted mountains or Fold mountains...
 in northeastern Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
 south through Nuevo León
Nuevo León

Nuevo Le?n is a States of Mexico located in northeastern Mexico. It borders the states of Tamaulipas to the north and east and San Luis Potos? to the south, and Coahuila to the west....
, southwest Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas

Tamaulipas is one of the 31 States of Mexico of Mexico and is located in the northeast....
, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí

The Mexico state of San Luis Potos? has an area of .It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, It borders Coahuila to the north, Nuevo Leon to the north-east, Tamaulipas to the east, Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo, Queretaro, and Guanajuato to the south,and Zacatecas to the north-west....
, Querétaro
Querétaro

Quer?taro is a state in the center of M?xico.Its capital is the city of Santiago de Quer?taro, although in general parlance the name "Quer?taro" is used for both the city and the state....
, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla
Puebla

Puebla is a Political divisions of Mexico located in the center east of the country, to the east of Mexico City.The state of Puebla borders the states of Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo , Mexico State, Tlaxcala, and Morelos to the west, and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south....
, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volcánico Transversal of central Mexico.

The highest point is Cerro San Rafael, at 3700 metres above sea level, is the highest point of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Sierra Madre Oriental

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo Le?n, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volc?nico Transversal of central Mexico....
 and the state of Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
 and the second in Mexico in isolation.

Mexico's Gulf Coastal Plain
Gulf Coastal Plain

The Gulf Coastal Plain extends from the Florida Parishes of Louisiana over most of Mississippi, some of western Tennessee and Kentucky, the southwestern 2/3 of Alabama, and the western Florida Panhandle and Southern Texas....
 lies to the east of the range, between it and the Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world. Considered a smaller part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is an oceanic basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba....
. The Mexican Plateau
Mexican Plateau

The Central Mexican Plateau, also known as the Mexican Altiplano, is a large plateau that occupies much of northern and central Mexico. It extends from the US-Mexico border in the north to the Cordillera Neovolc?nica in the south, and is bounded by the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental to the west and east, respectively....
, which averages 1,100 metres in elevation, lies between the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre Occidental
Sierra Madre Occidental

The Sierra Madre Occidental is a mountain range in western Mexico and the extreme southwest of the United States, extending 1500 km from southeast Arizona southeast through eastern Sonora, western Chihuahua , Durango , Zacatecas, Aguascalientes to Guanajuato , where it joins with the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Eje Volc?nico Transversal...
 further west.

Highest major summits


The Highest Major Mountain Peaks of Sierra Madre Oriental
Rank
Ranking

A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than" or "ranked equal to" the second....
Mountain Peak
Summit (topography)

In topography, a summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. Mathematics, a summit is a local Maxima and minima in elevation....
StateMountain Range
Mountain range

A mountain range is a chain of mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by mountain pass or valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different orogeny, for example volcanoes, uplifted mountains or Fold mountains...
ElevationProminence
Topographic prominence

In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop or prime factor , is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks....
Isolation
Topographic isolation

The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum horizontal distance to the nearest point of higher elevation. Topographic isolation represents a radius of dominance in which the summit is the highest point....
1Cerro San Rafael  Sierra Madre Oriental
Sierra Madre Oriental

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo Le?n, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volc?nico Transversal of central Mexico....
3700 m
12,139 feet		1855 m
6,086 feet		628 km
390 miles
2Sierra de la Marta Sierra Madre Oriental
Sierra Madre Oriental

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo Le?n, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volc?nico Transversal of central Mexico....
3700 m
12,139 feet		NA607 km
377 miles
3Cerro el Potosí  Sierra Madre Oriental
Sierra Madre Oriental

The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo Le?n, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volc?nico Transversal of central Mexico....
3700 m
12,139 feet		1380 m
4,528 feet		570 km
354 miles


Ecology

The range is noted for its high biodiversity
Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems....
 and large number of endemic
Endemic (ecology)

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a particular geographic location, such as a specific island, Habitat type, nation, or other defined zone....
 species. The higher elevations of the range are home to the Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests
Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests

The Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion of northeastern Mexico, extending into the state of Texas in the United States....
. To the east, the Tamaulipan matorral
Tamaulipan matorral

The Tamaulipan matorral is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of northern Mexico....
 occupies the ranges lower slopes in Nuevo Leon and northern Tamaulipas, while the Veracruz moist forests
Veracruz moist forests

The Veracruz moist forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Mexico....
 cover the lower slopes of the central range, and the eastern slopes at the southern end of the range are home to the Veracruz montane forests.

West of the range, the Mexican Plateau
Mexican Plateau

The Central Mexican Plateau, also known as the Mexican Altiplano, is a large plateau that occupies much of northern and central Mexico. It extends from the US-Mexico border in the north to the Cordillera Neovolc?nica in the south, and is bounded by the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental to the west and east, respectively....
 is home to deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands

Desert and xeric shrublands is a biome characterized by, relating to, or requiring only a small amount of moisture. Deserts and xeric shrublands receive an annual average rainfall of ten inches or less, and have an arid or hyperarid climate, characterized by a strong moisture deficit, where annual potential loss of moisture from evapotransp...
, including the Chihuahuan Desert
Chihuahuan Desert

The Chihuahuan Desert is a desert that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border. On the United States side it occupies the valleys and basins of central and southern New Mexico, Texas west of the Pecos River and southeastern Arizona; south of the border, it covers the northern half of the Mexico Mexican state of Chihuahua , most of Coahuila, north-e...
 to the north, the Meseta Central matorral on the central part of the plateau, and the Central Mexican matorral on the southern plateau.

Although separated from the main part of the Sierra Madre Oriental by the Rio Grande
Rio Grande

For the railroad often known as the Rio Grande, see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.The Rio Grande River in the United States, known as the R?o Bravo in Mexico, is a river, long, is the fourth longest river system in the United States and serves as a natural boundary along the border between the U.S....
, the Chisos Mountains
Chisos Mountains

The Chisos Mountains are a mountain range located in the Big Bend, Texas area of western Texas, United States. The mountain range is contained entirely within the boundaries of Big Bend National Park....
 in Big Bend National Park
Big Bend National Park

Big Bend National Park is a national park located in the U.S. state of Texas. For more than 1,000 miles , the Rio Grande forms the international boundary between Mexico and the United States, and Big Bend National Park administers approximately along that boundary....
, southwest Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 are floristically part of the Sierra Madre Oriental, harboring sky islands of pine-oak forest.

See also

  • Mountain peaks of México
  • Mountain peaks of North America
    Mountain peaks of North America

    This article comprises three sortable tables of major summit of Greater North America.This article defines Greater North America as the northern portion of the continental landmass of the Americas extending from the Panama to Alaska plus the islands surrounding North America....


External links