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A siddur (; plural siddurim) is a Jewish
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 prayer book
Prayer book

A 'prayer book' is a book outlining the liturgy of religious services.In this sense, it may carry the following specific names in various religions:...
, containing a set order of daily prayers
List of Jewish prayers and blessings

Listed below are some Hebrew language Jewish servicess and Berakhahs that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews. This article addresses Jewish liturgical blessings, which generally begin with the formula:...
. This article discusses how some of these prayers evolved, and how the siddur, as we know it today has developed. A separate article, Jewish services
Jewish services

Jewish services are the prayer recitations that form part of the observance of Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book....
, discusses the prayers that appear in the siddur, and when they are said.

earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the Shema Yisrael
Shema Yisrael

Shema Yisrael are the first two words of a section of the Torah that is a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish services. The first verse encapsulates the Monotheism essence of Judaism: "Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One." The Shema is considered the most important prayer in Judaism, and its twice-daily recit...
 ("Hear O Israel") (Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament. In form it is a set of three sermons delivered by Moses reviewing the previous forty years of wandering in the wilderness; its central element is a detailed law-code by which the Children of Israel are to live in the Promised Land....
 6:4 et seq), and the Priestly Blessing
Priestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing, , also known in Hebrew as Nesiat Kapayim, , is a Judaism prayer recited by Kohanim during certain Jewish services....
 (Numbers
Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers, , is the fourth book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. In the Greek language Septuagint it is called Arithmoi, or Numbers....
 6:24-26), which are in the Torah
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
.






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A siddur (; plural siddurim) is a Jewish
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 prayer book
Prayer book

A 'prayer book' is a book outlining the liturgy of religious services.In this sense, it may carry the following specific names in various religions:...
, containing a set order of daily prayers
List of Jewish prayers and blessings

Listed below are some Hebrew language Jewish servicess and Berakhahs that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews. This article addresses Jewish liturgical blessings, which generally begin with the formula:...
. This article discusses how some of these prayers evolved, and how the siddur, as we know it today has developed. A separate article, Jewish services
Jewish services

Jewish services are the prayer recitations that form part of the observance of Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book....
, discusses the prayers that appear in the siddur, and when they are said.

History of the siddur

The earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the Shema Yisrael
Shema Yisrael

Shema Yisrael are the first two words of a section of the Torah that is a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish services. The first verse encapsulates the Monotheism essence of Judaism: "Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One." The Shema is considered the most important prayer in Judaism, and its twice-daily recit...
 ("Hear O Israel") (Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament. In form it is a set of three sermons delivered by Moses reviewing the previous forty years of wandering in the wilderness; its central element is a detailed law-code by which the Children of Israel are to live in the Promised Land....
 6:4 et seq), and the Priestly Blessing
Priestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing, , also known in Hebrew as Nesiat Kapayim, , is a Judaism prayer recited by Kohanim during certain Jewish services....
 (Numbers
Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers, , is the fourth book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. In the Greek language Septuagint it is called Arithmoi, or Numbers....
 6:24-26), which are in the Torah
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
. A set of eighteen (currently nineteen) blessings called the Shemoneh Esreh or the Amidah
Amidah

The Amidah , also called the Shmona Esre , is the central prayer of the Siddur. As Judaism's prayer par excellence, the Amidah is often designated simply as tfila in Rabbinic literature....
 (Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
, "standing [prayer]"), is traditionally ascribed to the Great Assembly
Great Assembly

According to Judaism, the Great Assembly or Anshei Knesset HaGedolah , also known as the Great Synagogue, was an assembly of 120 scribes, sages, and prophets, in the period from the end of the prophets up to the time of the development of Rabbinic Judaism, marking a transition from an era of prophets to an era of Rabbis....
 in the time of Ezra
Ezra

Ezra was a Jewish priestly scribe who led about 5,000 Babylonian captivity living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem in 459 BC. Ezra reconstituted the dispersed Jewish community on the basis of the Torah and with an emphasis on the law....
, at the end of the Biblical period.

The name Shemoneh Esreh, literally "eighteen", is an historical anachronism, since it now contains nineteen blessings. It was only near the end of the Second Temple
Second Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE. During this time, it was the center of Judaism worship, which focused on the sacrifices known as the korbanot....
 period that the eighteen prayers of the weekday Amidah became standardized. Even at that time their precise wording and order was not yet fixed, and varied from locale to locale. Many modern scholars believe that parts of the Amidah came from the Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
 apocrypha
Apocrypha

Apocrypha are texts of uncertain authenticity, or writings where the authorship is questioned.When used in the specific context of Judeo-Christian theology, the term apocrypha refers to any collection of scriptural texts that falls outside the Biblical canon....
l work Ben Sira
Ben Sira

Sirach, by Ben Sira, also known as The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, The Wisdom of Ben Sira, or Ecclesiasticus, is a work from the second century BC, originally written in Hebrew language....
.

According to the Talmud
Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
, soon after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem
Temple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple , refers to a series of structures located on the Temple Mount in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two temples were built at this location, and a The Third Temple features in Jewish eschatology....
 a formal version of the Amidah was adopted at a rabbinical council in Yavne
Yavne

Yavne is a city in the Center District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , at the end of 2007 the city had a total population of 32,200....
, under the leadership of Rabban Gamaliel II
Gamaliel II

Rabban Gamaliel II was the first person to lead the sanhedrin as nasi after the fall of the second temple, which occurred in 70 CE. Gamliel was appointed nasi approximately 10 years later....
 and his colleagues. However, the precise wording was still left open. The order, general ideas, opening and closing lines were fixed. Most of the wording was left to the individual reader. It was not until several centuries later that the prayers began to be formally fixed. By the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 the texts of the prayers were nearly fixed, and in the form in which they are still used today.

The siddur was printed by Soncino
Soncino family (printers)

The Soncino family is an Italy Sephardi Jewish family of printers, deriving its name from the town of Soncino, Italy in the duchy of Milan. It traces its descent through a Moses of F?rth, who is mentioned in 1455, back to a certain Moses of Speyer, of the middle of the fourteenth century....
 in Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 as early as 1486, though a siddur was first mass-distributed only in 1865. The siddur began appearing in the vernacular
Vernacular

Vernacular refers to the native language of a country or a locality. In general linguistics, it is used to describe local languages as opposed to Lingua franca, official standards or global languages....
 as early as 1538. The first - unauthorized - English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 translation
Translation

Translation is the hermeneutics of the Meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an Dynamic and formal equivalence text, likewise called a "translation," that communicates the same message in another language....
, by Gamaliel ben Pedahzur (a pseudonym
Pseudonym

A pseudonym, , is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name. In some cases, pseudonyms are adopted because it is part of a cultural or organizational tradition, as in the case of Religious names used by members of some religious orders and "cadre names" used by Communist party leaders such as Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin....
), appeared in London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 in 1738; a different translation was released in the United states
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 in 1837.

Creating the siddur

Readings from the Torah
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
 (five books of Moses) and the Nevi'im
Nevi'im

Nevi'im is the second of the three major sections in the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh, between the Torah and Ketuvim .Nevi'im is traditionally divided into two parts:...
 ("Prophets") form part of the prayer services. To this framework various Jewish sages added, from time to time, various prayers, and, for festivals especially, numerous hymns.

The earliest existing codification of the prayerbook was drawn up by Rav Amram Gaon
Amram Gaon

Amram Gaon was a famous Geonim or head of the Jewish Talmud Talmudic Academies in Babylonia of Sura in the 9th century. He was the author of many Responsa, but his chief work was liturgy....
 of Sura, Babylon, about 850 CE. Half a century later Rav Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon

Rabbi Se`adiah ben Yosef Gaon , , was a prominent rabbi, Jew philosopher, and exegete of the Geonim period.He is known for his works on Hebrew language, Halakha, and Jewish philosophy....
, also of Sura, composed a siddur, in which the rubrical matter is in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
. These were the basis of Simcha ben Samuel's Machzor Vitry (11th century France), which was based on the ideas of his teacher, Rashi
Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, , better known by the acronym Rashi , , was a rabbi from France, famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, and Jewish commentaries on the Bible....
. Another formulation of the prayers was that appended by Maimonides to the laws of prayer in his Mishneh Torah
Mishneh Torah

The Mishneh Torah , subtitled Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka , is a Legal code of Judaism religious law by one of the important Jewish authority Maimonides ....
: this forms the basis of the Yemenite liturgy, and has had some influence on other rites. From this point forward all Jewish prayerbooks had the same basic order and contents.

Two authoritative versions of the Ashkenazi siddur were those of Shabbetai Sofer in the 16th century and Seligman Baer in the 19th century; siddurim have also been published reflecting the views of Jacob Emden
Jacob Emden

Jacob Emden was a rabbi and notable talmudist, and prominent opponent of the Sabbatai Zevi. He was born at Altona, Hamburg June 4, 1697, and died there April 19, 1776....
 and the Vilna Gaon
Vilna Gaon

Rabbi Elijah ben Shlomo Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon or Elijah of Vilna and simply by his Hebrew language acronym Gra , , was an exceptional Talmud, Halakha, Kabbalah, and the foremost leader of non-hasidic world Jewry of the past few centuries....
.

Different Jewish rites

Dscn0301
There are differences among, amongst others, the Sephardic (including Spanish and Portuguese
Spanish and Portuguese Jews

Spanish and Portuguese Jews are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardim who have their main ethnic origins within the crypto-Judaism communities of the Iberian peninsula and who shaped communities mainly in Western Europe and the Americas from the late 16th century on....
), Chasidic
Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
, Ashkenazic
Ashkenazi Jews

File:Juden 1881.JPGAshkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish ethnic divisions of the Rhineland in the west of Germany....
 (German-Polish), Bené Roma or Italki
Italian Jews

Italian Jews can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living in Italy or in a narrower sense to mean the ancient community who use the Italian rite, as distinct from newer arrivals who use the Sephardi or Ashkenazi rite....
, and Romaniote
Romaniotes

The Romaniotes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of today's Greece and neighboring areas with large Greek populations for more than 2,000 years....
 (Greek, once extending to Turkey and perhaps the southern Italian peninsula) liturgies: see further discussion in the articles on Nusach
Nusach

Nusach is a concept in Judaism that has two distinct meanings. One is the style of a prayer service ; another is the melody of the service depending on when the service is being conducted....
 and Minhag
Minhag

Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism. A related concept, Nusach , refers to the traditional order and form of the Jewish services....
.

The Mahzor
Mahzor

The mahzor is the prayer book used by Jews on the High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Many Jews also make use of specialized mahzorim on the three "pilgrimage festivals" of Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot....
 of each rite is distinguished by hymns (piyyut
Piyyut

A piyyut is a Judaism liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during Jewish services. Piyyutim have been written since Jewish Temple times....
im) composed by authors (payyetanim) of the district. The most important writers are Yoseh ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur

Yom Kippur , also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays. Its central themes are Atonement in Judaism and Repentance in Judaism....
; Eleazer Qalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century; Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon

Rabbi Se`adiah ben Yosef Gaon , , was a prominent rabbi, Jew philosopher, and exegete of the Geonim period.He is known for his works on Hebrew language, Halakha, and Jewish philosophy....
; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn Abitur
Joseph ibn Abitur

Joseph ibn Abitur was a student of R. Moshe b. Hanoch. He was from a very prestigious Spanish family from the city of M?rida, Spain. His great great grandfather was a communal and Rabbinic leader....
 (died in 970), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn Ezra
Moses ibn Ezra

Rabbi Moses ben Jacob ibn Ezra, known as ha-Sallah was a Jewish, Spanish philosopher, linguist, and poet. He was born at Granada about 1055 – 1060, and died after 1138....
, Abraham ibn Ezra
Abraham ibn Ezra

Rabbi Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra was born in Tudela, Islamic Spain, and died c. 1164 .. .He was one of the most distinguished Jewish men of letters and writers of the Middle Ages....
 and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman (Nahmanides
Nahmanides

Nahmanides, also known as Rabbi Moses ben Nachman , was a Catalonia rabbi, philosophy, physician, Kabbalah, and Jewish commentaries on the Bible....
) and Isaac Luria
Isaac Luria

Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Judaism mystic in Safed. His name today is attached to all of the mystic thought in the town of Safed in 16th century Ottoman Palestine....
.

Complete versus weekday siddurim


Some siddurim have only prayers for weekdays; others have prayers for weekdays and Shabbat
Shabbat

Shabbat or Shabbos , is the weekly day of rest in Judaism, symbolizing the seventh day in Genesis, after the six days of creation. Though it is commonly said to be the Saturday of each week, it is observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night....
 (Jewish Sabbath). Many have prayers for weekdays, Shabbat, and the three Biblical festivals, Sukkot
Sukkot

Sukkot , is a Hebrew Bible pilgrimage Jewish holiday that occurs in autumn on the 15th day of the month of Tishrei . The holiday lasts seven days, including Chol Hamoed....
 (the feast of Tabernacles), Shavuot
Shavuot

is a Jewish holiday that occurs on the sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan . Shavuot commemorates the anniversary of the day Names of God in Judaism#In English gave the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai....
 (the feast of weeks) and Pesach (Passover). The latter are referred to as a Siddur Shalem ("complete siddur").

Variations and additions on holidays

There are many additional liturgical variations and additions to the siddur for the Yamim Noraim (The "Days of Awe"; High Holy Days, i.e. Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur). As such, a special siddur has developed for just this period, known as a mahzor
Mahzor

The mahzor is the prayer book used by Jews on the High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Many Jews also make use of specialized mahzorim on the three "pilgrimage festivals" of Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot....
 (also: machzor). The mahzor contains not only the basic liturgy, but also many piyutim, Hebrew liturgical poems. Sometimes the term mahzor is also used for the prayer books for the three pilgrim festivals, Pesach, Shavuot and Sukkot.

Popular siddurim

Below are listed many popular siddurim used by religious Jews.

Ashkenazi Orthodox


  • Siddur Ha-Shalem (a.k.a. the Birnbaum Siddur) Ed. Philip Birnbaum
    Philip Birnbaum

    Philip Birnbaum was an author and translator, best known for his translation and annotation of the siddur , first published in 1949....
    . The Hebrew Publishing Company. ISBN 0-88482-054-8 (Hebrew-English)
  • The Metsudah Siddur: A New Linear Prayer Book Ziontalis. (Hebrew-English)
  • The Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the British Commonwealth, translation by Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks
    Jonathan Sacks

    Rabbi Sir Jonathan Henry Sacks is the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom. His official title is Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth of Nations....
     (the new version of "Singer
    Simeon Singer

    Simeon Singer was a Jewish preacher, lecturer and public worker.He was born in London, and after a short stay at a Hungarian school, became a student at Jews' College, of which he was subsequently for a time the principal....
    's Prayer Book") (Hebrew-English)
  • The Artscroll
    ArtScroll

    ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Judaism perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Brooklyn, New York, New York City....
     Siddur    , Mesorah Publications (In a number of versions including an interlinear translation and fairly popular today.) (Hebrew, Hebrew-English, Hebrew-Russian, Hebrew-Spanish, Hebrew-French)
  • Siddur Rinat Yisrael
    Rinat Yisrael

    Rinat Yisrael is a siddur written in Hebrew language only, popular among many Modern Orthodox Judaism Jews in Israel, and used by some in the Jewish diaspora as well....
    , Hotsa'at Moreshet, Bnei Brak
    Bnei Brak

    File:Location_bneibrak.pngFile:800px-Ponivez1.jpegBnei Brak is a city located on Israel's central Mediterranean Israeli coastal plain, just east of Tel Aviv, in the Gush Dan and Tel Aviv District....
    , Israel. (In a number of versions, popular in Israel.) (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Siach Yitzchak (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Tefilas Kol Peh (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Tefilas Sh'ai, Feldheim Publishers : Israel/NewYork (Hebrew)
  • Siddur HaGra (reflecting views of the Vilna Gaon
    Vilna Gaon

    Rabbi Elijah ben Shlomo Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon or Elijah of Vilna and simply by his Hebrew language acronym Gra , , was an exceptional Talmud, Halakha, Kabbalah, and the foremost leader of non-hasidic world Jewry of the past few centuries....
    )
  • Siddur Aliyos Eliyahu (Popular among followers of the Vilna Gaon who live in Israel and abroad) (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Kol Bo (Hebrew)


Sephardic


Spanish and Portuguese Jews

(Characterised by relative absence of Kabbalistic
Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
 elements:)

  • Book of Prayer: According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews David de Sola Pool, New York: Union of Sephardic Congregations, 1979
  • Book of Prayer of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews’ Congregation, London. Volume One: Daily and occasional prayers. Oxford (Oxford Univ. Press, Vivian Ridler
    Vivian Ridler

    Vivian Ridler, Order of the British Empire was born in Cardiff and worked as Printer to the University at Oxford University Press from 1958 to 1978....
    ), 5725 - 1965.


Greek, Turkish and Balkan Sephardim
(Usually characterised by presence of Kabbalistic
Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
 elements:)
  • Siddur Zehut Yosef (Daily and Shabbat) According to the Rhodes and Turkish Traditions, Hazzan Isaac Azose, Seattle, WA: Sephardic Traditions Foundation, 2002


North African Jews
(Usually characterised by presence of Kabbalistic
Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
 elements:)
  • Siddur Od Abinu ?Hai ed. Levi Nahum: Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Libyan tradition)
  • Mahzor Od Abinu ?Hai ed. Levi Nahum (5 vols.): Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Libyan tradition)
  • Siddur Vezara?h Hashemesh, ed. Messas
    Chalom Messas

    Chalom Messas, , was the Chief Rabbi of Morocco, and after making aliyah became the Sephardi Jews Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem. He wrote many works: Mizrah Chemech, Tevouot Chemech, Chemech Oumaguen, Beit Chemech and Veham Hachemech....
    : Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Meknes tradition)
  • Siddur Ish Matzlia?h, ed. Mazuz, Machon ha-Rav Matzliah: B'nei Brak (Hebrew only, Djerba tradition)
  • Siddur Far?hi (Hebrew with Arabic translation, Egypt)
  • Siddur Tefilat ha-Hodesh, ed. David Levi, Erez : Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions)
  • Siddur Patah Eliyahou, ed. Joseph Charbit, Colbo: Paris (Hebrew and French, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions)
  • Mahzor Zechor le-Avraham, Yarid ha-Sefarim : Jerusalem (Based on the original Zechor le-Abraham: Livorno 1926, Hebrew only, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions, days of awe only)
  • Siddur Darchei Avot (Moroccan)
  • Siddur Oro shel Olam


Middle Eastern Sephardim and Mizrachim
(Usually characterised by presence of Kabbalistic
Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
 elements:)

Syrian
Syrian Jews

Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited the region of today's Syria from the History of Ancient Israel and Judah and those Sephardim who fled to Syria after the Alhambra decree ....
  • The Aram Soba Siddur: According to the Sephardic Custom of Aleppo Syria Rabbi Moshe Antebi, Jerusalem: Aram Soba Foundation, 1993
  • Siddur Abodat Haleb / Prayers from the Heart Rabbi Moshe Antebi, Lakewood, NJ: Israel Book Shop, 2002
  • Kol Yaacob: Sephardic Heritage Foundation, New York, 1990.
  • Bet Yosef ve-Ohel Abraham: Jerusalem, Man?sur (Hebrew only, based on Baghdadi text)
  • Or?hot ?Hayim, ed. Yedid: Jerusalem 1995 (Hebrew only)
  • Siddur Kol Mordechai, ed. Faham bros: Jerusalem 1984 (minhah and arbit only)
  • Abir Yaakob, ed. Haber: Sephardic Press (Hebrew and English, Shabbat only)
  • Orot Sephardic Siddur, Eliezer Toledano: Lakewood, NJ, Orot Inc. (Hebrew and English: Baghdadi text, Syrian variants shown in square brackets)
  • Ma?hzor Shelom Yerushalayim, ed. Albeg: New York, Sephardic Heritage Foundation 1982


Israeli, following Rabbi Ovadia Yosef
Ovadia Yosef

Rabbi Ovadia Yosef is a Sephardi Jews Haredi Judaism rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and recognized halakha authority. He is the former Sephardi Jews Chief Rabbinate of Israel and the current spiritual leader of the Shas political party in the Israeli Knesset....
  • Ohr V’Derech Sephardic Siddur
  • Siddur Ye?havveh Daat
  • Siddur Avodat Ha-shem
  • Siddur ?Hazon Ovadia
  • Siddur L'maan Shmo


Edot Hamizrach (Iraqi)
  • Tefillat Yesharim: Jerusalem, Man?sur (Hebrew only)
  • Siddur Od Yosef ?Hai
  • Kol Eliyahu, ed. Mordechai Eliyahu
    Mordechai Eliyahu

    Mordechai Eliyahu is a former Sephardi Jews Chief Rabbi of Israel....


Yemenite Jews (Teimanim)


Baladi
  • Siddur Tiklal: Tzalach Yihiyeh Ben Yehuda, 1800
  • Siddur Tiklal: Torath Avoth
  • Siddur Siahh Yerushalayim: Rabbi Yosef Gafahh
    Yosef Qafih

    Rabbi Yosef Qafih , widely known as Rabbi Kapach , was one of the foremost leaders of the Yemenite Jews community, first in Yemen and later in Israel....
    /Kapach
  • Tiklal Ha-Mefoar (MAHARITS) Nusahh Baladi, Meyusad Al Pi Ha-Tiklal Im Etz Hayim Ha-Shalem Arukh Ke-Minhag Yahaduth Teiman: Bene Berak : Or Neriyah ben Mosheh Ozeri, [2001 or 2002]


Shami
  • Siddur Tefilat HaChodesh - Beit Yaakov, Nusahh Sepharadim, Teiman, and the Edoth Mizrakh
  • Siddur Kavanot HaRashash: By: Rabbi Shalom Sharabi
    Shalom Sharabi

    Sar Shalom Sharabi , also known as the Rashash, the Shemesh or Ribbi Shalom Mizra?i deyedi`a Sharabi , was a Yemenite Jews Rabbi, Halachist, Chazzan and Kabbalah....
    , Publisher: Yeshivat HaChaim Ve'Hashalom


Chabad


Chabad, although it originated amongst ethnically Ashkenazic Jews, are Hasidic
Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
 Jews. Their nusach (liturgical tradition) is called Nusach Ari
Nusach Ari

Nusach Ari means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the AriZal, in the 16th century, and, more particularly, the version of it used by Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism....
. While previous Siddurim had been arranged by disciples of the famous kabbalist
Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
 Rabbi Isaac Luria
Isaac Luria

Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Judaism mystic in Safed. His name today is attached to all of the mystic thought in the town of Safed in 16th century Ottoman Palestine....
 of Safed
Safed

Safed is a city in the North District of Israel of Israel and a center for Kabbalah, or Jewish mysticism. At an elevation of 800 meters above sea level, Safed is the highest city in the Galilee....
, the Chabad siddur was altered for general use, correcting textual errors, by the Alter Rebbe
Shneur Zalman of Liadi

Shneur Zalman of Liadi , was an Orthodox Judaism Rabbi, and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, a branch of Hasidic Judaism, then based in Liadi, Imperial Russia....
, Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the first Chabad Rebbe, called Siddur Torah Or. He later made a new edition without the Kavanot (meditations) that made Nusach HaAri so mystical which accounted for 70% of the Siddur, called Siddur Tehillat HaShem. A few other derived Siddurim, known as Nusach Sefard
Nusach Sefard

Nusach Sefard is the name for various forms of the Jewish siddur, designed to reconcile Ashkenazi Minhag with the Kabbalah customs of the Isaac Luria....
, have been made by Chassidim outside of Chabad.

  • Siddur Torah Or
  • Siddur Tehillat HaShem
    Tehillat HaShem

    Tehillat HaShem is the name of a prayer-book used for Jewish services in synagogues and privately amongst Hasidic Judaism Jews, specifically in the Chabad-Lubavitch community....
  • Siddur Tefilot Mikol Hashanah


All are currently published by Kehot Publication Society
Kehot Publication Society

Kehot Publication Society and Merkos Publications, the publishing divisions of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, were established in 1942 by the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn....
.

Conservative Judaism


  • Sabbath and Festival Prayer Book edited by Morris Silverman
    Morris Silverman

    Rabbi Morris Silverman was an eminent Conservative Judaism rabbi as well as a writer.Silverman was born in Newburgh , New York, New York in 1894....
     with Robert Gordis
    Robert Gordis

    Robert Gordis was a leading Conservative rabbi. He founded the first Conservative Judaism day school, served as President of the Rabbinical Assembly and the Synagogue Council of America, and was a professor at Jewish Theological Seminary from 1940 to 1992....
    , 1946. USCJ and RA
  • Weekday Prayer Book Edited by Morris Silverman, 1956. USCJ
  • Weekday Prayer Book Ed. Gershon Hadas with Jules Harlow, 1961, RA.
  • Siddur Sim Shalom
    Siddur Sim Shalom

    Siddur Sim Shalom may refer to any siddur in a family of Siddur, Jewish prayerbooks, and related commentaries on these siddurim, published by the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism....
     Ed. Jules Harlow
    Jules Harlow

    Jules Harlow is a rabbi and liturgist; son of Henry and Lena Lipman Harlow. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa.In 1952 at Morningside College in Sioux City he earned a B.A., and from there went to New York City to study in the Jewish Theological Seminary of America; here he became ordained as a rabbi in 1959....
    . 1985, 980 pages, RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat and Festivals Ed. Lawrence Cahan, 1998, 816 pages. RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Sim Shalom for Weekdays Ed. Avram Israel Reisner, 2003, 576 pages. RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Va'ani Tefilati Ed. by Simchah Roth, 1998, 744 pages. Israeli Masorti Movement and Rabbinical Assembly of Israel. Hebrew.


Progressive and Reform Judaism

  • Ha-Avodah Shebalev, The prayer book of The Israel Movement for Progressive Judaism, Ed. The Council of Israel Progressive Rabbis (MARAM), 1982
  • The Companion to Ha-Avodah Shebalev published by Congregation Har-El Jerusalem in 1992 to help English-speaking immigrants and visitors; Hebrew pages from the original Ha-Avodah Shebalev, English translations from Gates of Prayer: The New Union Prayer Book
    Gates of Prayer

    Gates of Prayer, the New Union Prayer Book is a Reform Judaism siddur that was announced in October 1975 as a replacement for the 80-year-old Union Prayer Book , incorporating more Hebrew content and was updated to be more accessible to modern worshipers....
     with additional translations by Adina Ben-Chorin.
  • Seder ha-Tefillot: Forms of Prayer: Movement for Reform Judaism, London 2008, ISBN-10: 0947884130; ISBN-13: 978-0947884130 Official prayer book of the Reform movement in Britain
  • Siddur Lev Chadash, Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues, UK, 1995.
All of the following published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis
Central Conference of American Rabbis

The Central Conference of American Rabbis , founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform Judaism rabbis in the United States and Canada....
:
  • Olat Tamid: Book of Prayers for Jewish Congregations
  • Union Prayer Book
    Union Prayer Book

    The Union Prayer Book was a siddur published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis to serve the needs of the Reform Judaism movement in the United States....
  • Gates of Prayer: The New Union Prayer Book
    Gates of Prayer

    Gates of Prayer, the New Union Prayer Book is a Reform Judaism siddur that was announced in October 1975 as a replacement for the 80-year-old Union Prayer Book , incorporating more Hebrew content and was updated to be more accessible to modern worshipers....
  • Gates of Repentance: The New Union Prayer Book
  • Mishkan T'filah
    Mishkan T'filah

    Mishkan T'filah?A Reform Siddur is a siddur prepared for Reform Judaism congregations in the United States by the Central Conference of American Rabbis and released to the general public in 2007....
     [Tabernacle of Prayer]: A Reform Siddur


Reconstructionist Judaism


  • Hadesh Yameinu (Renew our days): a book of Jewish prayer and meditation, edited and translated by Rabbi Ronald Aigen. Montreal (Cong. Dorshei Emet), 1996.
  • Kol Haneshamah Prayerbook series, ed. David Teutsch:
    • Shabbat Vehagim: The Sabbath and Festivals, Reconstructionist Press; 3rd edition (August 1, 1998)
    • Limot Hol: Daily Prayer Book, Reconstructionist Press; Reprint edition (September 1, 1998)
    • Kol Haneshamah: Prayers for a House of Mourning, Jewish Reconstructionist Federation (October 10, 2001)
    • Kol Haneshamah: Mahzor Leyamim Nora'Im, Fordham University Press; Bilingual edition (May 1, 2000)


See also


  • The Transliterated Siddur
    The Transliterated Siddur

    The Transliterated Siddur refers to Siddur Ba-Eir Hei-Teiv -- The Transliterated Siddur, a siddur first published on the internet in 1997, and the first to transliterate the entire service....
  • Jewish services
    Jewish services

    Jewish services are the prayer recitations that form part of the observance of Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book....
  • Nusach
    Nusach

    Nusach is a concept in Judaism that has two distinct meanings. One is the style of a prayer service ; another is the melody of the service depending on when the service is being conducted....
  • Amidah
    Amidah

    The Amidah , also called the Shmona Esre , is the central prayer of the Siddur. As Judaism's prayer par excellence, the Amidah is often designated simply as tfila in Rabbinic literature....
  • List of Jewish prayers and blessings
    List of Jewish prayers and blessings

    Listed below are some Hebrew language Jewish servicess and Berakhahs that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews. This article addresses Jewish liturgical blessings, which generally begin with the formula:...
  • Amram Gaon
    Amram Gaon

    Amram Gaon was a famous Geonim or head of the Jewish Talmud Talmudic Academies in Babylonia of Sura in the 9th century. He was the author of many Responsa, but his chief work was liturgy....
  • Eleazar Kalir
    Eleazar Kalir

    Eleazar ben Kalir was one of Judaism's earliest and most prolific of the piyyut, liturgical poets. Many of his hymns have found their way into festive prayers of the Ashkenazi Jews synagogal rite....
  • Siddur of Saadia Gaon
    Siddur of Saadia Gaon

    The Siddur of Saadia Gaon is the earliest surviving attempt to transcribe the weekly ritual of Judaism prayers for week-days, Sabbaths, and festivals ....
  • Torah database
    Torah database

    A Torah database is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called Judaism#Jewish literature ; the texts are in their original languages ....
    s (for electronic Hebrew texts of the siddur with vowels)
  • Sephardic Judaism
    Sephardic Judaism

    Sephardic Judaism is the practice of Judaism as observed by the Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews, so far as it is peculiar to themselves and not shared with other Jewish groups such as the Ashkenazi Jews....


External links

Hebrew texts:
  • Complete Siddur texts in Sephard, Ashkenaz, and Edot HaMizrach versions (Hebrew Website)
  • Complete Hebrew texts in all versions setup for daily prayer. (English Website)
  • The complete Ashkenazi Siddur online (JPEG
    JPEG

    In computing, JPEG is a commonly used method of for photographic images. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality....
     format)
  • Text of the Kabbalat Shabbat Service in pdf and doc format on


Sites from which one may purchase Siddurim:
  • (Baladi Yemenite only)
  • (Nusach Ari
    Nusach Ari

    Nusach Ari means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the AriZal, in the 16th century, and, more particularly, the version of it used by Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism....
     only)