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A siddur is a JewishJudaism

Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people....
 prayer bookPrayer book Overview

A prayer book is a book outlining the liturgy of religious services....
, containing a set order of daily prayersList of Jewish prayers and blessings

Listed below are some Hebrew prayers and blessings that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews....
. This article discusses how some of these prayers evolved, and how the siddur, as we know it today has developed. A separate article, Jewish servicesJewish services

Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism....
, discusses the prayers that appear in the siddur, and when they are said.
History of the siddurThe earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the Shema YisraelShema Yisrael Overview

Shema Yisrael are the first two words of a section of the Torah that is used as a centerpiece of all morning and evening...
 ("Hear O Israel"), and the Priestly BlessingPriestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing,, also known as Nesiat Kapayim is a Jewish ceremony and prayer recited during certain Jewish se...
, which are in the TorahTorah

Torah is a Hebrew word meaning "teaching," "instruction," or "law"....
. A set of eighteen (currently nineteen) blessings called the Shemoneh Esreh or the AmidahAmidah

The Amidah, also called the Shemoneh Esrei, is the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy that observant Jews recite eac...
, is traditionally ascribed to the Great AssemblyGreat Assembly

The Great Assembly or Anshei Knesset HaGedolah, also known as the Great Synagogue) was an assembly of 120 Rabbis...
 in the time of EzraEzra

Ezra is a name derived from Hebrew, written variously as ??????? , ?Ezra, , ?Ezr: short for ?????????? "My help/...
, at the end of the Biblical period.

The name Shemoneh Esreh, literally "eighteen", is an historical anachronism, since it now contains nineteen blessings.






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Timeline

940   Saadia Gaon compiles his siddur (Jewish prayer book) in Iraq.






Encyclopedia


A siddur is a JewishJudaism

Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people....
 prayer bookPrayer book Overview

A prayer book is a book outlining the liturgy of religious services....
, containing a set order of daily prayersList of Jewish prayers and blessings

Listed below are some Hebrew prayers and blessings that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews....
. This article discusses how some of these prayers evolved, and how the siddur, as we know it today has developed. A separate article, Jewish servicesJewish services

Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism....
, discusses the prayers that appear in the siddur, and when they are said.

History of the siddur

The earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the Shema YisraelShema Yisrael Overview

Shema Yisrael are the first two words of a section of the Torah that is used as a centerpiece of all morning and evening...
 ("Hear O Israel"), and the Priestly BlessingPriestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing,, also known as Nesiat Kapayim is a Jewish ceremony and prayer recited during certain Jewish se...
, which are in the TorahTorah

Torah is a Hebrew word meaning "teaching," "instruction," or "law"....
. A set of eighteen (currently nineteen) blessings called the Shemoneh Esreh or the AmidahAmidah

The Amidah, also called the Shemoneh Esrei, is the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy that observant Jews recite eac...
, is traditionally ascribed to the Great AssemblyGreat Assembly

The Great Assembly or Anshei Knesset HaGedolah, also known as the Great Synagogue) was an assembly of 120 Rabbis...
 in the time of EzraEzra

Ezra is a name derived from Hebrew, written variously as ??????? , ?Ezra, , ?Ezr: short for ?????????? "My help/...
, at the end of the Biblical period.

The name Shemoneh Esreh, literally "eighteen", is an historical anachronism, since it now contains nineteen blessings. It was only near the end of the Second TempleSecond Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 515 BCE and 70 CE....
 period that the eighteen prayers of the weekday Amidah became standardized. Even at that time their precise wording and order was not yet fixed, and varied from locale to locale. Many modern scholars believe that parts of the Amidah came from the HebrewHebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jew...
 apocryphaApocrypha Summary

Apocrypha are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned....
l work Ben SiraBen Sira

The Wisdom of Ben Sira,, formerly called Ecclesiasticus by some Christians, is a book written circa 180–...
.

According to the TalmudTalmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history....
, soon after the destruction of the Temple in JerusalemTemple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple was built in ancient Jerusalem in the 10th century BCE and was subsequentl...
 a formal version of the Amidah was adopted at a rabbinical council in YavneYavne

Yavne is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel....
, under the leadership of Rabban Gamaliel IIGamaliel II

Rabbi Gamaliel II was the first person to lead the sanhedrin as nasi....
 and his colleagues. However, the precise wording was still left open. The order, general ideas, opening and closing lines were fixed. Most of the wording was left to the individual reader. It was not until several centuries later that the prayers began to be formally fixed. By the Middle AgesMiddle Ages Overview

The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three "ages": the clas...
 the texts of the prayers were nearly fixed, and in the form in which they are still used today.

The siddur was printed by SoncinoSoncino family (printers)

The Soncino family is an Italian family of printers, deriving its name from the town of Soncino in the duchy of Milan....
 in ItalyItaly

Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European country....
 as early as 1486, though a siddur was first mass-distributed only in 1865. The siddur began appearing in the vernacularVernacular

Vernacular refers to the native language of a country or locality....
 as early as 1538. The first - unauthorized - EnglishEnglish language

English is a widely distributed language that originated in England but is now the primary language in numerous countries....
 translationTranslation

Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language — the source text'...
, by Gamaliel ben Pedahzur (a pseudonymPseudonym Overview

A pseudonym is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to his...
), appeared in LondonLondon

London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
 in 1738; a different translation was released in the United statesUnited States Overview

The United States of America, also known as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., and America, is...
 in 1837.

Creating the siddur

Readings from the TorahTorah

Torah is a Hebrew word meaning "teaching," "instruction," or "law"....
 (five books of Moses) and the Nevi'imNevi'im

Nevi'im [??????] or Prophets is the second of the three major sections in the Tanakh , following Torah and preceding K...
 ("Prophets") form part of the prayer services. To this framework various Jewish sages added, from time to time, various prayers, and, for festivals especially, numerous hymns.

The earliest existing codification of the prayerbook was drawn up by Rav Amram GaonAmram Gaon

Amram Gaon was a famous Gaon or head of the Jewish Talmud Academy of Sura in the 9th century....
 of Sura, Babylon, about 850 CE. Half a century later Rav Saadia GaonSaadia Gaon

Saadia Ben Joseph Gaon, also known by his Arabic name ???? ??? ???? ??????? Said ibn Yusuf al-Fayyumi, was a prominen...
, also of Sura, composed a siddur, in which the rubrical matter is in ArabicArabic language

The Arabic language , or simply Arabic , is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language fami...
. These were the basis of Simcha ben Samuel's Machzor Vitry (11th century France), which was based on the ideas of his teacher, RashiRashi

Rashi ??"? is a Hebrew acronym for ??? ???? ????? , or ??? ???? ???? , author of the first comprehensive commentaries on t...
. From this point forward all Jewish prayerbooks had the same basic order and contents.

Different Jewish rites

There are differences among, amongst others, the Sephardic (including Spanish and PortugueseSpanish and Portuguese Jews

Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also less precisely known as Portuguese Jews, Jews of the Portuguese nation, Spa...
), ChasidicHasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a Haredi Jewish religious movement....
, AshkenazicAshkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, are thought to be descended from the medieval Jewis...
 (German-Polish), Italki (or traditionally Bené Roma or Italiyani; Central-South Italian, also used today in Milan), and RomanioteRomaniotes

The Romaniotes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of today's Greece for more than 2000 years....
 (Greek, perhaps also extending to the southern Italian peninsula) liturgies: see further discussion in the articles on NusachNusach

Nusach is a concept in Judaism that has two distinct meanings....
 and MinhagMinhag Overview

Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism....
.

The MahzorMahzor

The mahzor is the prayer book used by Jews on the High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur....
 of each rite is distinguished by hymns (piyyutFacts About Piyyut

A piyyut is a Jewish liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during religious services....
im) composed by authors (payyetanim) of the district. The most important writers are Yoseh ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century6th century

The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era....
, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom KippurYom Kippur

Yom Kippur is the Jewish holiday of the Day of Atonement....
; Eleazer Qalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century7th century

The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era....
; Saadia GaonSaadia Gaon

Saadia Ben Joseph Gaon, also known by his Arabic name ???? ??? ???? ??????? Said ibn Yusuf al-Fayyumi, was a prominen...
; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn AbiturJoseph ibn Abitur

Joseph ibn Abitur was a student of R....
 (died in 970970

Events*Major volcano eruption in Mashu, Japan...
), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn EzraMoses ibn Ezra

Moses ibn Ezra was a Jewish, Spanish philosopher, linguist, and poet....
, Abraham ibn EzraAbraham ibn Ezra

Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra, was one of the most distinguished Jewish men of letters and writers of the Middle Ages....
 and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman and Isaac LuriaIsaac Luria

Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Jewish scholar and mystic....
.

Complete versus weekday siddurim

Some siddurim have only prayers for weekdays; others have prayers for weekdays and ShabbatShabbat

Shabbat , is the weekly day of rest in Judaism....
 (Jewish Sabbath). Many have prayers for weekdays, Shabbat, and the three Biblical festivals, SukkotSukkot

Sukkot or Succoth or Sukkos is a Biblical pilgrimage festival which occurs in autumn on the 15th day of the mon...
 (the feast of Tabernacles), ShavuotShavuot

Shavuot, also spelled Shavuos, is a Jewish holiday that occurs on the sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan....
 (the feast of weeks) and Pesach (Passover). The latter are referred to as a Siddur Shalem ("complete siddur").

Variations and additions on holidays

There are many additional liturgical variations and additions to the siddur for the Yamim Noraim (The "Days of Awe"; High Holy Days, i.e. Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur). As such, a special siddur has developed for just this period, known as a mahzorMahzor

The mahzor is the prayer book used by Jews on the High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur....
 (also: machzor). The mahzor contains not only the basic liturgy, but also many piyutim, Hebrew liturgical poems. Sometimes the term mahzor is also used for the prayer books for the three pilgrim festivals, Pesach, Shavuot and Sukkot.

Popular siddurim

Below are listed many popular siddurim used by religious Jews.

Ashkenazi Orthodox

  • Siddur Ha-Shalem (a.k.a. the Birnbaum Siddur) Ed. Philip BirnbaumPhilip Birnbaum

    Philip Birnbaum was the Jewish author responsible for widely used translations of the Sabbath Payer Book and High Holiday Pa...
    . The Hebrew Publishing Company. ISBN 0-88482-054-8 (Hebrew-English)
  • The Metsudah Siddur: A New Linear Prayer Book Ziontalis. (Hebrew-English)
  • The Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the British Commonwealth, translation by Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan SacksJonathan Sacks

    Sir Jonathan Henry Sacks is the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom's main body of Orthodox synagogues....
     (the new version of "SingerSimeon Singer

    Simeon Singer was a Jewish preacher, lecturer and public worker....
    's Prayer Book") (Hebrew-English)
  • The ArtscrollFacts About ArtScroll

    ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish, more specifically a Haredi, perspec...
     Siddur    , Mesorah Publications (In a number of versions including an interlinear translation and fairly popular today.) (Hebrew, Hebrew-English, Hebrew-Russian, Hebrew-Spanish, Hebrew-French)
  • Siddur Rinat YisraelRinat Yisrael

    Rinat Yisrael is a siddur written in Hebrew only, popular among many Modern Orthodox Jews in Israel, and used by some in the...
    , Hotsa'at Moreshet, Bnei BrakBnei Brak

    Bnei Brak is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, just east of Tel Aviv, and part of the metropolis known as Gush...
    , Israel. (In a number of versions, popular in Israel.) (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Siach Yitzchak (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Tefilas Kol Peh (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Tefilat Sh'ai, Feldheim Publishers : Israel/NewYork (Hebrew)
  • Siddur HaGraGRA

    GRA could refer to:* Granby , Colorado, United States; Amtrak station code GRA....
  • Siddur Aliyot Eliyahu (Popular among followers of the GraGRA

    GRA could refer to:* Granby , Colorado, United States; Amtrak station code GRA....
     who live in Israel and Abroad) (Hebrew)
  • Siddur Kol Bo (Hebrew)

Sephardic

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
(Characterised by relative absence of KabbalisticKabbalah

Kabbalah literally means a "receiving", in the sense of a "received tradition"....
 elements:)

  • Book of Prayer: According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews David de Sola Pool, New York: Union of Sephardic Congregations, 1979
  • Book of Prayer of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews’ Congregation, London. Volume One: Daily and occasional prayers. Oxford (Oxford Univ. Press, Vivian RidlerVivian Ridler Overview

    Vivian Ridler was Printer to the University at Oxford University Press from 1958 to 1978. ...
    ), 5725 - 1965.

Greek, Turkish and Balkan Sephardim
(Usually characterised by presence of KabbalisticKabbalah

Kabbalah literally means a "receiving", in the sense of a "received tradition"....
 elements:)
  • Siddur Zehut Yosef (Daily and Shabbat) According to the Rhodes and Turkish Traditions, Hazzan Isaac Azose, Seattle, WA: Sephardic Traditions Foundation, 2002

North African Jews
(Usually characterised by presence of KabbalisticKabbalah

Kabbalah literally means a "receiving", in the sense of a "received tradition"....
 elements:)
  • Siddur Od Abinu ?Hai ed. Levi Nahum: Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Libyan tradition)
  • Mahzor Od Abinu ?Hai ed. Levi Nahum (5 vols.): Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Libyan tradition)
  • Siddur Vezara?h Hashemesh, ed. MessasChalom Messas

    Chalom Messas was the Great Rabbi of Morocco, and after making aliyah became the Sephardic Great Rabbi of Jerusalem....
    : Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Meknes tradition)
  • Siddur Ish Matzlia?h, ed. Mazuz, Machon ha-Rav Matzliah: B'nei Brak (Hebrew only, Djerba tradition)
  • Siddur Far?hi (Hebrew with Arabic translation, Egypt)
  • Siddur Tefilat ha-Hodesh, ed. David Levi, Erez : Jerusalem (Hebrew only, Livorno text, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions)
  • Siddur Patah Eliyahou, ed. Joseph Charbit, Colbo: Paris (Hebrew and French, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions)
  • Mahzor Zechor le-Avraham, Yarid ha-Sefarim : Jerusalem (Based on the original Zechor le-Abraham: Livorno 1926, Hebrew only, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian traditions, days of awe only)

Middle Eastern Sephardim and Mizrachim
(Usually characterised by presence of KabbalisticKabbalah

Kabbalah literally means a "receiving", in the sense of a "received tradition"....
 elements:)
SyrianSyrian Jews

Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited the region of today's Syria from the ancient times and ...
  • The Aram Soba Siddur: According to the Sephardic Custom of Aleppo Syria Rabbi Moshe Antebi, Jerusalem: Aram Soba Foundation, 1993
  • Siddur Abodat Haleb / Prayers from the Heart Rabbi Moshe Antebi, Lakewood, NJ: Israel Book Shop, 2002
  • Kol Yaacob: Sephardic Heritage Foundation, New York, 1990.
  • Bet Yosef ve-Ohel Abraham: Jerusalem, Man?sur (Hebrew only, based on Baghdadi text)
  • Or?hot ?Hayim, ed. Yedid: Jerusalem 1995 (Hebrew only)
  • Siddur Kol Mordechai, ed. Faham bros: Jerusalem 1984 (minhah and arbit only)
  • Abir Yaakob, ed. Haber: Sephardic Press (Hebrew and English, Shabbat only)
  • Orot Sephardic Siddur, Eliezer Toledano: Lakewood, NJ, Orot Inc. (Hebrew and English: Baghdadi text, Syrian variants shown in square brackets)
  • Ma?hzor Shelom Yerushalayim, ed. Albeg: New York, Sephardic Heritage Foundation 1982

Israeli, following Rabbi Ovadia YosefOvadia Yosef

Rabbi Ovadia Yosef is a Haredi rabbi, Talmudic scholar, a recognized authority in Halakha....
  • Ohr V’Derech Sephardic Siddur
  • Siddur Ye?havveh Daat
  • Siddur Avodat Ha-shem
  • Siddur ?Hazon Ovadia

Edot Hamizrach (Iraqi)
  • Tefillat Yesharim: Jerusalem, Man?sur (Hebrew only)
  • Siddur Od Yosef ?Hai
  • Kol Eliyahu, ed. Mordechai EliyahuMordechai Eliyahu Overview

    Mordechai Eliyahu was a former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel. ...


Yemenite Jews (Teimanim)

Baladi
  • Siddur Tiklal: Tzalach Yihiyeh Ben Yehuda, 1800
  • Siddur Tiklal: Torath Avoth
  • Siddur Siahh Yerushalayim: Rabbi Yosef GafahhYosef Qafih

    Rabbi Yosef Qafih , also spelled Kafich or Qafehh or Gafeh or, by many Israelis, "Kapach" , was one of the...
    /Kapach
  • Tiklal Ha-Mefoar (MAHARITS) Nusahh Baladi, Meyusad Al Pi Ha-Tiklal Im Etz Hayim Ha-Shalem Arukh Ke-Minhag Yahaduth Teiman: Bene Berak : Or Neriyah ben Mosheh Ozeri, [2001 or 2002]

Shami
  • Siddur Tefilat HaChodesh - Beit Yaakov, Nusahh Sepharadim, Teiman, and the Edoth Mizrakh
  • Siddur Kavanot HaRashash: By: Rabbi Shalom SharabiShalom Sharabi Overview

    Sar Shalom Sharabi was a Yemenite Jewish Rabbi who was a master of Kabbalah, as well as Torah and Talmud....
    , Publisher: Yeshivat HaChaim Ve'Hashalom

Chabad

Chabad, while ethnically Ashkenazic, are HasidicHasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a Haredi Jewish religious movement....
 Jews. Their nusach (liturgical tradition) is called Nusach AriNusach Ari

Nusach Ari means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the AriZal, in the ...
. While previous Siddurim had been arranged by disciples of the famous kabbalistKabbalah

Kabbalah literally means a "receiving", in the sense of a "received tradition"....
 Rabbi Isaac LuriaIsaac Luria

Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Jewish scholar and mystic....
 of SafedSafed

Safed is a city in the North District in Israel....
, the Chabad siddur was altered for general use, correcting textual errors, by the Alter RebbeShneur Zalman of Liadi

Shneur Zalman of Liadi, was an Orthodox Rabbi, and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism, then ...
, Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the first Chabad Rebbe, called Siddur Torah Or. He later made a new edition without the Kavanot (meditations) that made Nusach HaAri so mystical which accounted for 70% of the Siddur, called Siddur Tehillat HaShem. A few other derived Siddurim, known as Nusach SefardNusach Sefard

Nusach Sefard is the name for various forms of the Jewish siddur, designed to reconcile Ashkenazi customs with the kabbalist...
, have been made by Chassidim outside of Chabad.

  • Siddur Torah Or
  • Siddur Tehillat HaShemFacts About Tehillat HaShem

    Tehillat HaShem is the name of a prayer-book used for Jewish services in synagogues and privately amongst Hasidic Jews, spec...
  • Siddur Tefilot Mikol Hashanah


All are currently published by Kehot Publication SocietyKehot Publication Society

Kehot Publication Society and Merkos Publications, the publishing divisions of the Chabad Lubavitch movement were establishe...
.

Conservative Judaism

  • Sabbath and Festival Prayer Book edited by Morris Silverman with Robert Gordis, 1946. USCJ and RA
  • Weekday Prayer Book Edited by Morris Silverman, 1956. USCJ
  • Weekday Prayer Book Ed. Gershon Hadas with Jules Harlow, 1961, RA.
  • Siddur Sim ShalomSiddur Sim Shalom

    Siddur Sim Shalom may refer to any siddur in a family of Jewish prayerbooks released by the Rabbinical Assembly and the Unit...
     Ed. Jules HarlowJules Harlow

    Jules Harlow is a rabbi and liturgist; son of Henry and Lena Lipman Harlow....
    . 1985, 980 pages, RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat and Festivals Ed. Lawrence Cahan, 1998, 816 pages. RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Sim Shalom for Weekdays Ed. Avram Israel Reisner, 2003, 576 pages. RA and USCJ.
  • Siddur Va'ani Tefilati Ed. by Simchah Roth, 1998, 744 pages. Israeli Masorti Movement and Rabbinical Assembly of Israel. Hebrew.

Progressive and Reform Judaism

  • Forms of Prayer for Jewish Worship Ed. Assembly of Rabbis of the Reform Synagogues of Great BritainMovement for Reform Judaism

    Movement for Reform Judaism is the main organizational body of the Jewish Reform community in Great Britain....
    , 1977, RSGB.
    The Movement for Reform JudaismMovement for Reform Judaism

    Movement for Reform Judaism is the main organizational body of the Jewish Reform community in Great Britain....
     (formerly RSGB) in 1993 started work on creating a new siddur for the Reform Movement in the UK. Their progress can be tracked via the official as well as the .
  • Siddur Lev Chadash, Union of Liberal and Progressive SynagoguesUnion of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues Summary

    The Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues was founded in 1902 as the Jewish Religious Union....
    , UK, 1995.

All of the following published by the Central Conference of American RabbisCentral Conference of American Rabbis

The Central Conference of American Rabbis, founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Refor...
:
  • Olat Tamid: Book of Prayers for Jewish Congregations
  • The Union Prayerbook
  • Gates of Prayer: The New Union Prayer Book
  • Gates of Repentance: The New Union Prayer Book
  • Mishkan T'filah [Tabernacle of Prayer]: A Reform Siddur

Reconstructionist Judaism

  • Hadesh Yameinu (Renew our days): a book of Jewish prayer and meditation, edited and translated by Rabbi Ronald Aigen. Montreal (Cong. Dorshei Emet), 1996.
  • Kol Haneshamah Prayerbook series, ed. David Teutsch:
    • Shabbat Vehagim: The Sabbath and Festivals, Reconstructionist Press; 3rd edition (August 1, 1998)
    • Limot Hol: Daily Prayer Book, Reconstructionist Press; Reprint edition (September 1, 1998)
    • Kol Haneshamah: Prayers for a House of Mourning, Jewish Reconstructionist Federation (October 10, 2001)
    • Kol Haneshamah: Mahzor Leyamim Nora'Im, Fordham University Press; Bilingual edition (May 1, 2000)

See also

  • Jewish servicesJewish services

    Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism....
  • NusachNusach

    Nusach is a concept in Judaism that has two distinct meanings....
  • AmidahAmidah

    The Amidah, also called the Shemoneh Esrei, is the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy that observant Jews recite eac...
  • List of Jewish prayers and blessingsList of Jewish prayers and blessings

    Listed below are some Hebrew prayers and blessings that are part of Judaism that are recited by many Jews....
  • Amram GaonAmram Gaon

    Amram Gaon was a famous Gaon or head of the Jewish Talmud Academy of Sura in the 9th century....
  • Eleazar KalirEleazar Kalir Summary

    Eleazar ben Kalir was one of Judaism's earliest and most prolific of the paytanim, liturgical poets....
  • Siddur of Saadia GaonSiddur of Saadia Gaon

    The Siddur of Saadia Gaon is the first known attempt to transcribe the weekly ritual of Jewish prayers for week-days, Sabbat...
  • Torah databaseTorah database

    A Torah database is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially...
    s (for electronic Hebrew texts of the siddur with vowels)
  • Sephardic JudaismSephardic Judaism

    Sephardic Judaism is used in this article to describe the religious practices of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, so far as these ...


External links

Hebrew texts:
  • Complete Siddur texts in Sephard, Ashkenaz, and Edot HaMizrach versions
  • The complete Ashkenazi Siddur online
  • Text of the Kabbalat Shabbat Service in pdf and doc format on


Sites from which one may purchase Siddurim: