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The Khanate of Sibir was a Tatar Turkic khanate
Khanate

Khanate or Chanat is a Turkic language-originated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan . In modern Turkish the word used is hanlik, and in Azeri, xanliq....
 in the later Russian Siberia. The Khanate had an ethnically diverse population of Siberian Tatars
Siberian Tatars

The Siberian Tatars are a sub-group of the Tatars, sometimes considered a separate ethnic group. They speak Siberian Tatar language, which is a dialect of Tatar language....
, Khanty, Mansi
Mansi

Mansi are an endangered indigenous people living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khantia-Mansia, the Khanty language and Mansi language languages have co-official status with Russian language....
, Nenets
Nenets people

The Nenets people are an List of indigenous peoples of Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug....
 and Selkup
Selkup

The Selkup , until 1930s called ostyak-samoyeds are a people in Siberia, Russia. They live in the northern parts of Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug....
 people.

History
The Khanate of Sibir was founded in the fifteenth century, at a time when the Mongols
Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
 of the house of Jochi
Jochi

Jochi , was the eldest of the Mongols chieftain Genghis Khan's four sons by his principal wife B?rte. An accomplished military leader, he participated in his father's conquest of Central Asia, along with his brothers and uncles....
 were generally in a state of decline. The original capital of the khans was Chimgi-Tura
Chimgi-Tura

Chimgi-Tura - was a Middle Ages city of Siberian Tatars in 12th-16th centuries located in Western Siberia.It was a capital of Tyumen Khanate until early 16th century when its ruler Khan Muhammad conquered Sibir and created Siberian Khanate encompassing the whole Western Siberia with a capital in Sibir....
. The first khan was Taibuga
Taibuga

Taibuga was the first Khan of the Khanate of Siber. He came to power as a result of the power vacuum caused by the breakup of the Mongolian Empire....
, who was not a member of the Borjigin
Borjigin

Borjigin were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.The clan's probably legendary ancestor was Bodonchar Mungakgh , who along with his brothers sired the entire Mongol nation....
.






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The Khanate of Sibir was a Tatar Turkic khanate
Khanate

Khanate or Chanat is a Turkic language-originated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan . In modern Turkish the word used is hanlik, and in Azeri, xanliq....
 in the later Russian Siberia. The Khanate had an ethnically diverse population of Siberian Tatars
Siberian Tatars

The Siberian Tatars are a sub-group of the Tatars, sometimes considered a separate ethnic group. They speak Siberian Tatar language, which is a dialect of Tatar language....
, Khanty, Mansi
Mansi

Mansi are an endangered indigenous people living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khantia-Mansia, the Khanty language and Mansi language languages have co-official status with Russian language....
, Nenets
Nenets people

The Nenets people are an List of indigenous peoples of Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug....
 and Selkup
Selkup

The Selkup , until 1930s called ostyak-samoyeds are a people in Siberia, Russia. They live in the northern parts of Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug....
 people.

History


The Khanate of Sibir was founded in the fifteenth century, at a time when the Mongols
Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
 of the house of Jochi
Jochi

Jochi , was the eldest of the Mongols chieftain Genghis Khan's four sons by his principal wife B?rte. An accomplished military leader, he participated in his father's conquest of Central Asia, along with his brothers and uncles....
 were generally in a state of decline. The original capital of the khans was Chimgi-Tura
Chimgi-Tura

Chimgi-Tura - was a Middle Ages city of Siberian Tatars in 12th-16th centuries located in Western Siberia.It was a capital of Tyumen Khanate until early 16th century when its ruler Khan Muhammad conquered Sibir and created Siberian Khanate encompassing the whole Western Siberia with a capital in Sibir....
. The first khan was Taibuga
Taibuga

Taibuga was the first Khan of the Khanate of Siber. He came to power as a result of the power vacuum caused by the breakup of the Mongolian Empire....
, who was not a member of the Borjigin
Borjigin

Borjigin were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.The clan's probably legendary ancestor was Bodonchar Mungakgh , who along with his brothers sired the entire Mongol nation....
. He was succeeded by his son Khoja or Hoca, who was in turn succeeded by his son Mar.

The Taibugids' control of the region between the Tobol and middle Irtysh
Irtysh

Irtysh a river in Siberia, the chief tributary of the Ob River. Its name means White River. It is actually longer than the Ob to their confluence....
 was not uncontested. The Shaybanids, descendants of Jochi, frequently claimed the area as their own. Ibak Khan
Ibak Khan

Ibak Khan was a Shaybanid khan of Siberian Khanate about whom the sources are contradictory. He is also called Abak, Ivak, Ibaq, Khan of Tyumen, and Said Ibrakhim Khan....
, a member of a junior branch of the Shaybanid house, killed Mar and seized Chimgi-Tura. A Taibugid restoration occurred when Mar's grandson Muhammad fled to the eastern territories around the Irtysh and killed Ibak in battle in c. 1493. Muhammad decided not to remain at Chimgi-Tura, but chose a new capital named Iskar
Qashliq

Qashliq, Isker or Sibir was a Middle Ages Siberian Tatar city near the right bank of the Irtysh river . Since the end of the 15th century it was the capital of the Siberia Khanate....
 (or Sibir) located on the Irtysh.

The Russian conquest of Kazan
Siege of Kazan (1552)

The siege of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of Russo-Kazan Wars. It led to the fall of Kazan Khanate, total destruction of the city and massacre of its population....
 in 1552 prompted the Taibugid khan of Sibir, Yadigar, to seek friendly relations with Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
. Yadigar, however, was challenged by a Shaybanid, Ibak's grandson Kuchum
Kuchum

Kuchum khan was the last Khan of Siberia Khanate .K???m Khan's attempt to impose Islam on his subjects and his cross border raids were vigorously opposed by the Russian Tsar who sent a force of Cossacks to confront him head on....
. Several years of fighting (1556-1563) ended with Yadigar's death and Kuchum becoming khan.

Conquest of the Sibir


Kuchum attempted to convert the Siberian Tatars
Siberian Tatars

The Siberian Tatars are a sub-group of the Tatars, sometimes considered a separate ethnic group. They speak Siberian Tatar language, which is a dialect of Tatar language....
, who were mostly Shamanists
Shamanism

Shamanism is a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world. A practitioner of shamanism is known as a shaman, , noun ....
, to Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
. His decision to conduct a raid on the Stroganov trading posts resulted in an expedition led by the Cossack
Cossack

The term Cossacks is applied to specific militaristic communities of various ethnicities living in the southern steppe regions of Ukraine and Russia....
 Yermak against the Khanate of Sibir. Kuchum's forces were defeated by Yermak at the Battle of Chuvash Cape
Battle of Chuvash Cape

The Battle of Chuvash Cape led to the victory of a Russian expedition under Yermak Timofeyevich and the fall of Siberia Khanate and the end of Khan Kuchum's power....
 in 1582 and the Cossacks entered Iskar later that year. Kuchum reorganized his forces, killed Yermak in battle in 1584, and reasserted his authority over Sibir. Over the next fourteen years, however, the Russians slowly conquered the khanate. In 1598 Kuchum was defeated on the banks of the Ob
Ob

Ob may refer to:*Ob River, a river in West Siberia, Russia*Ob Sea, an artificial lake on the Ob River*Ob , a town in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia...
 and was forced to flee to the territories of the Nogai
Nogai Horde

The Nogai Horde was a confederation of Turkic peoples nomads that occupied the Pontic-Caspian steppe from about 1500 until pushed south by the Russians during the 17th century....
, bringing an end to his rule.

See also

  • Russian conquest of Siberia
    Russian conquest of Siberia

    The Russian conquest of Siberia took place in the 16th century, when the Siberian Khanate had become a loose political structure of vassalages which were becoming undermined by the activities of Russian explorers who, though numerically outnumbered, coerced the various family-based tribes into changing their loyalties and establishing distant...
  • List of Turkic states and empires
    List of Turkic states and empires

    Modern Turkic countries ...
  • History of Siberia
    History of Siberia

    The history of Siberia may be traced to the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians and the Xiongnu , both flourishing before the Christian era....


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