Short track speed skating
Encyclopedia
Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice
Ice skating
Ice skating is moving on ice by using ice skates. It can be done for a variety of reasons, including leisure, traveling, and various sports. Ice skating occurs both on specially prepared indoor and outdoor tracks, as well as on naturally occurring bodies of frozen water, such as lakes and...

 speed skating
Speed skating
Speed skating, or speedskating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating...

. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a circumference of 111.12 m. The rink itself is 60 m by 30 m, which is the same size as an international-sized ice hockey rink.

History

Short track speed skating originated in the speed skating events held with mass starts. This form of speed skating was mainly practiced in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, as opposed to the international form, where skaters skated in pairs. At the 1932 Winter Olympics
1932 Winter Olympics
The 1932 Winter Olympics, officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1932 in Lake Placid, New York, United States. The games opened on February 4 and closed on February 15. It would be the first winter olympics held in the United...

, speed skating events were conducted in the mass start form. Competitions in North America were also held indoors, for example in Madison Square Garden
Madison Square Garden
Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG and known colloquially as The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan and located at 8th Avenue, between 31st and 33rd Streets, situated on top of Pennsylvania Station.Opened on February 11, 1968, it is the...

, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

, and therefore on shorter tracks than usual for outdoor skating.

In 1967, the International Skating Union
International Skating Union
The International Skating Union is the international governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. It was founded in Scheveningen, Netherlands in 1892, making it one of the oldest international...

  adopted short track speed skating, although it did not organize international competitions until 1976. World Championships
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships
The World Short Track Speed Skating Championships are a senior international short track speed skating competition held once a year to determine the World Champion in individual distances, relays and Overall Classification...

 have been held since 1981 (though events held in 1976-1980 under different names later received the status of World Championships). After several changes in the name of the competition (last time in 1989), the event is now held annually as the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics
1988 Winter Olympics
The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary, Alberta, Canada from 13 to 28 February 1988. The host was selected in 1981 after having beat Falun, Sweden and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy...

, held in Calgary
Calgary
Calgary is a city in the Province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies...

, Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, short track was a demonstration sport. It was upgraded to a full Olympic sport in 1992 and has been part of the Winter Olympics since. The programme was expanded from 4 in 1992 to 8 in 2002. The events are the same for both men and women: 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m and the relay (5000 m (men)/3000 m (women)).

With smaller ice tracks and shorter, often spectacular competitions, short track speed skating has grown more popular than the older long track in many countries.

Rules

There are several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified (DQ) from a race, and having their time rendered invalid.
  • Impeding (DQI): Pushing, blocking, or otherwise causing an impediment for another skater
  • Off track (DQO): Skating outside the designated track
  • Cross-tracking (DQX): Deliberately cutting in front of a competitor who is attempting to pass
  • Team skating(?
    Team orders
    In motor racing, team orders is a motorsport term for the practice of teams issuing instructions to drivers to deviate from the normal practice of racing against each other as they would against other teams' drivers. Prime examples of this were the team orders issued by Formula One teams to their...

    ): Conspiring with members from the same country, club, or other individual skaters to determine the race result
  • Assistance (?): Giving physical assistance to another skater
  • Shooting the line or Kicking out (DQK): Driving the foot in lead ahead to reach the finish faster, resulting in the rear foot lifting off the ice and creating a dangerous situation for others
  • Unsportsmanlike conduct (DQU): Acting in a manner not befitting an athlete or a role model. Including cursing at a competitor, kicking your feet, striking other skaters or officials, etc.
  • Equipment (DQE): Not wearing the proper safety equipment, losing equipment during the race, or exposure of skin not on face or neck.
  • False Start (DQS): Leaving before firing of the starter's pistol. Similar to track and field, on the second violation in the race, the offender on that start is disqualified.
  • Did not finish (DNF): Usually due to injury, the skater did not finish the race
  • Did not skate (DNS): The skater did not go to the starting line.

Classes

In Canada, short track competitions are held either as all-points meets, where skaters are seeded based only on their times for a standard distance (usually the 500m), or an age class, where people are seeded by age and gender. All-points meets allow racing against skaters of all ages and genders, with the exception of the Masters age class (30+). All-points meets are usually held at the local level in only certain provinces. Age class meets are utilized at the provincial and national levels. Age classes are:
  • Cradles: 2–4
  • Peewee: 5–7
  • Pony: 8–10
  • Midget: 11–12
  • Juvenile: 13–14
  • Junior: 15–16
  • Intermediate: 17–18
  • Senior: 19–29
  • Master1: 30–39
  • Master2: 40–49
  • Master3: 50–59
  • Master4: 60+

Ages are determined as of July 1 or June 30 prior to competition. At International and Olympic competitions, skaters are placed by gender only.

Men

Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time
500 meters Sung Si-Bak
Sung Si-Bak
Sung Si-Bak is a South Korean short track speed skater. At the 2007 Winter Universiade, he won all five short track speed skating events. Sung has won more than 20 World Cup races and earned two World Cup titles, in addition to skating on the winning World Championship 5000 m relay teams in...

 
Osaka, Japan  February 26, 2007 40.651
1000 meters Charles Hamelin
Charles Hamelin
Charles Hamelin is a Canadian short track speed skater from Sainte-Julie, Quebec. Hamelin is a 3 time Olympic medalist having won 2 gold and 1 silver during the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics...

 
Montreal, QC  January 18, 2009 1:23.454
1500 meters Ahn Hyun-Soo  Marquette, MI  October 24, 2003 2:10.639
3000 meters Noh Jin-Kyu
Noh Jin-Kyu
Noh Jin-Kyu is a South Korean short track speed skater. During his first season at the senior level at the age of 18, he became the 2011 Overall World Champion.-Career:...

 
Warsaw, Poland  March 19, 2011 4:31.891
5000 m relay Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

*
Dresden, Germany  February 20. 2011 6:37.877
* Relay members for the Great Britain were: Jon Eley
Jon Eley
Jon Eley is a British short track speed skater who competed at both the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2010 Winter Olympics. Eley finished fifth in the 500 meters in Torino, and was a member of the British team that finished sixth in the 5000 meter relay in Vancouver.- References :...

, Richard Shoebridge, Paul Stanley
Paul Stanley
Stanley Harvey Eisen , better known by his stage name Paul Stanley, is an American hard rock guitarist, singer, musician, painter and songwriter best known for being the rhythm guitarist and primary lead vocalist of the rock band Kiss. He is the writer or co-writer of many of the band's...

 and Jack Whelbourne
Jack Whelbourne
Jack Whelbourne is a British speed skater who competed in the short track events at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Great Britain. He qualified for the semi finals of the 1500 m after a crash in his heat took out two of his competitors, allowing him to finish in the final qualifying position....


Women

Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time
500 meters Wang Meng  Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

, China
November 29, 2008 42.609
1000 meters Zhou Yang  Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...

, Canada
February 25, 2010 1:29.049
1500 meters Zhou Yang Salt Lake City, UT February 9, 2008 2:16.729
3000 meters Jung Eun-Ju
Jung Eun-Ju
Jung Eun-Ju is a South Korean short track speed skater.-External links:*...

 
Harbin, China March 15, 2008 4:46.983
3000 m relay China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

*
Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...

, BC
February 24, 2010 4:06.610
* Members of the Chinese National Team: Sun Linlin
Sun Linlin
Sun Linlin is a Chinese female short track speed skater.-External links:* , from http://www.vancouver2010.com; retrieved 2010-02-24....

, Wang Meng, Zhang Hui
Zhang Hui
Zhang Hui is a short track speed skater who competes for China. As part of the 3000m relay team, Zhang won the gold medal. She was accidentally injured the face by making contact with the blade of her teammate Wang Meng during the celebration....

, Zhou Yang.

Notable skaters

The following include the list of athletes who have won an individual gold medal at an Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Championships
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships
The World Short Track Speed Skating Championships are a senior international short track speed skating competition held once a year to determine the World Champion in individual distances, relays and Overall Classification...

 in Short track speed skating.

Men

Athlete Nation Born Olympics World Championships (Overall) Olympics + World Championships (Overall) World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) Total
Total Total Total Total Total
Ahn Hyun-Soo 1985 3 0 1 4 5 1 0 6 8 1 1 10 15 10 4 29 23 11 5 39
Marc Gagnon
Marc Gagnon
Marc Gagnon is a French Canadian short track speed skater. He is a four-time Overall World Champion for 1993, 1994, 1996 and 1998, and winner of three Olympic gold medals....

1975 3 0 2 5 4 2 1 7 7 2 3 12 15 9 4 28 22 11 7 40
Kim Ki-hoon
Kim Ki-hoon
Kim Ki-hoon is the first gold medalist in Winter Olympics for Korea. He is a three-time Olympic Champion and 1992 Overall World Champion....

1967 3 0 0 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 7 2+ 1+ 2+ 5+ 6+ 3+ 3+ 12+
Lee Ho-Suk
Lee Ho-Suk
Lee Ho-Suk is a South Korean short track speedskater. He won an Olympic gold medal as a part of 5000m Short-track relay team and won four Olympic silver medals. He is the Overall World Champion for 2009 and 2010.-Career:...

1986 1 4 0 5 2 2 0 4 3 6 0 9 10 4 3 17 13 10 3 26
Apolo Anton Ohno
Apolo Anton Ohno
Apolo Anton Ohno is an American short track speed skating competitor and an eight-time medalist in the Winter Olympics. He is the most decorated American Winter Olympic athlete of all time....

1982 2 2 4 8 1 2 1 4 3 4 5 12 8 5 6 19 11 9 11 31
Kim Dong-Sung
Kim Dong-Sung
Kim Dong-Sung is a former South Korean short track speed skater. He won a gold medal in 1000m race and silver medal in 5000m relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics...

1980 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 3 3 1 2 5 10 7 3 |20 13 8 4 25
Li Jiajun
Li JiaJun
Li Jiajun is a Chinese short track speed skater who has won 5 Olympic medals - two silver and three bronze. He has been a two-time Overall World Champion for 1999 and 2001....

1975 0 2 3 5 2 1 3 6 2 3 6 10 12 4 7 23 14 7 13 34
Chae Ji-Hoon
Chae Ji-Hoon
Chae Ji-Hoon is a retired South Korean short track speed skater-Playing career:...

1974 1 2 0 3 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 7 4+ 4+ 1+ 6+ 6+ 7+ 3+ 16+
Gaétan Boucher
Gaétan Boucher
Gaétan Boucher, OC, CQ is a former Speed skating Olympic champion from Canada.A four-time Olympic medalist, Boucher was awarded the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's outstanding male athlete of 1984. He was named number 10 on the list of Canada's Athletes of the 20th Century...

1958 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 5 2 3 0 5 5+ 5+ ? 10+ 7+ 8+ ? 15+
Charles Hamelin
Charles Hamelin
Charles Hamelin is a Canadian short track speed skater from Sainte-Julie, Quebec. Hamelin is a 3 time Olympic medalist having won 2 gold and 1 silver during the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics...

1984 2 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 5 7 8 2 17 9 10 3 22
Lee Jung-Su
Lee Jung-Su
Lee Jung-Su is a South Korean short track speed skater. He is a two-time Olympic Champion from 2010 Winter Olympics....

1989 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 3 0 0 3 5 1 0 6
Michel Daignault
Michel Daignault
Michel Daignault is a Canadian short track speed skater who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics and in the 1992 Winter Olympics...

1966 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 3 1+ 4+ 2+ 7+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 10+
Lee Joon-Ho
Lee Joon-Ho
Lee Joon-Ho is a South Korean short track speed skater. In 1990, he became the first Korean to win the Overall World Short Track Speed Skating Championships. Lee won a gold medal in 1992 Winter Olympics as a member of 5000m relay team. He also won an individual bronze medal in 1000m.-External...

1965 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 5 1+ 2+ 2+ 5+ 3+ 2+ 5+ 10+
Toshinobu Kawai
Toshinobu Kawai
is a Japanese short track speed skater, who won a bronze medal in the 5000 m relay at the 1992 Winter Olympics together with teammates Yuichi Akasaka, Tatsuyoshi Ishihara and Tsutomu Kawasaki. Before 1992, he won two gold medals in the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, 1985 and 1987.He...

1967 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 3 3+ 1+ 3+ 6+ 5+ 1+ 4+ 10+
Guy Daignault
Guy Daignault
Guy Daignault is a Canadian short track speed skater. He was the world champion short track speed skater in 1982 and 1984, having been the men's gold medal winner in the 1982 and 1984 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships...

1954 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 11+ 8+ 1+ 20+ 13+ 8+ 1+ 22+
Tatsuyoshi Ishihara
Tatsuyoshi Ishihara
is a Japanese short track speed skater, who won a bronze medal in the 5000 m relay at the 1992 Winter Olympics together with teammates Yuichi Akasaka, Toshinobu Kawai and Tsutomu Kawasaki.-References:...

1964 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 4+ 1+ 5+ 10+ 5+ 3+ 7+ 15+
Louis Grenier
Louis Grenier
Louis Grenier is a fictional character in William Faulkner's novels and stories.Louis Grenier is a French architect and dilettante who came, around 1800, with Doctor Samuel Habersham and Alexander Holston to the settlement which would later become Jefferson. Louis Grenier was also a wonderful...

? 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 8+ 2+ 2+ 12+ 9+ 3+ 4+ 16+
Wilf O'Reilly
Wilf O'Reilly
Wilfred John 'Wilf' O'Reilly is a former British short track speed skater. He won two gold medals in 1988 Winter Olympics when short-track speed skatiing was held as a demonstration sport...

1964 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 ? 2+ 2+ 4+ 1+ 3+ 2+ 6+
Alan Rattray ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1+ 1+ ? 2+ 2+ 1+ 1+ 4+
Steven Bradbury
Steven Bradbury
Steven John Bradbury OAM is a former Australian short track speed skater and four-time Olympian, who won the 1,000 m event at the 2002 Winter Olympics after all of his opponents were involved in a last corner pile-up...

1973 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 5
Hiroshi Toda
Hiroshi Toda
is a Japanese mathematician, who specializes in stable and unstable homotopy theory.He started publishing in 1952. Many of his early papers are concerned with the study of Whitehead products and their behaviour under suspension and more generally with the homotopy groups of spheres. In a 1957...

? 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 ? ? 3+ 3+ 1+ ? 4+ 5+
Benoit Baril ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4+ 1+ ? 5+ 5+ 1+ ? 6+
Noh Jin-Kyu
Noh Jin-Kyu
Noh Jin-Kyu is a South Korean short track speed skater. During his first season at the senior level at the age of 18, he became the 2011 Overall World Champion.-Career:...

1992 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 4 5 0 0 5
Min Ryoung
Min Ryoung
Min Ryoung is a retired South Korean short track speed skater. He is the 2000 Overall World Champion.-2002 Winter Olympics:...

1982 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ 1+ 1+ 4+ 3+ 1+ 1+ 5+
Peter van de Velde ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ 1+ ? 3+ 3+ 1+ ? 4+
James Lynch
James Lynch
James Lynch may refer to:* James Lynch , Irish Roman Catholic archbishop.* James Lynch , Irish Roman Catholic bishop* James B...

? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ? 2+ ? 2+ 1+ 2+ ? 3+
Takafumi Nishitani
Takafumi Nishitani
is a Japanese short track speed skater. He won a gold medal on the 500 m at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano.-References:...

1979 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 |? 1+ 1+ 2+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 3+

Women

Athlete Nation Born Olympics World Championships (Overall) Olympics + World Championships (Overall) World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) Total
Total Total Total Total Total
Yang Yang (A) 1976 2 2 1 5 5 2 0 7 7 4 1 12 27 12 5 44 34 16 6 56
Chun Lee-Kyung
Chun Lee-kyung
Chun Lee-Kyung is a retired South Korean short track speed skater. She is a four-time Olympic Champion and three-time Overall World Champion for 1995-1997...

1976 4 0 1 5 3 2 0 5 7 2 1 10 10 11 3 24 17 13 4 34
Wang Meng 1985 4 1 1 6 2 3 0 5 6 4 1 11 12 10 3 25 18 14 4 36
Sylvie Daigle
Sylvie Daigle
Sylvie Daigle is a Canadian speed skater. She is a member of Canadian Short Track relay team that won gold medal in 1992 Winter Olympics and silver medal in 1994 Winter Olympics. She is also a five-time Overall World Champion...

1962 1 1 0 2 5 2 1 8 6 3 1 10 22+ 8+ ? 31+ 28+ 11+ 1+ 40+
Jin Sun-Yu
Jin Sun-Yu
Jin Sun-Yu is a South Korean short-track speed skater. She is a triple Olympic Champion from 2006 and a three-time Overall World Champion ....

1988 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 10 3 1 14 16 3 1 20
Nathalie Lambert
Nathalie Lambert
Nathalie Lambert is a Canadian Olympic Medalist in Short-track speed skating. She won one Gold medal and two Silver medals at the Olympics. She is also a three-time Overall World Champion for 1991, 1993 and 1994.Lambert won the 11 international competitions in which she participated, between 1992...

1962 1 2 0 3 3 2 2 7 4 4 2 10 14+ 3+ 2+ 19+ 18+ 7+ 4+ 29+
Choi Eun-Kyung
Choi Eun-Kyung
Choi Eun-Kyung is a South Korean short track speed skater. She is a double Olympic Champion in relays and a two-time Overall World Champion for 2003 and 2004....

1984 2 2 0 4 2 1 0 3 4 3 0 7 12 3 4 19 16 6 4 26
Miyoshi Kato ? 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 3+ 4+ 3+ 10+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 15+
Zhou Yang 1991 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 5 4 4 13 7 5 5 17
Kim So-Hee 1976 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 4 3+ 2+ 2+ 7+ 5+ 3+ 3+ 11+
Cathy Turner
Cathy Turner
Cathy Ann Turner is an American short track speed skater, who won gold medals at the 1992 Winter Olympics and 1994 Winter Olympics....

1962 2 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 ? 1+ ? 1+ 2+ 2+ 1+ 5+
Annie Perreault
Annie Perreault
Annie Perreault is a Canadian short track speed skater, who won medals in the 500 m and 3000 m relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics. She had already won a relay gold medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics....

1971 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 5+ 2+ 6+ 13+ 7+ 2+ 7+ 16+
Eiko Shishii ? 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 3 1+ 6+ ? 7+ 3+ 6+ 1+ 10+
Maryse Perreault ? 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4 11+ 3+ 2+ 16+ 12+ 5+ 3+ 20+
Ko Gi-Hyun
Ko Gi-Hyun
Ko Gi-Hyun is a South Korean short track speed skater. Ko remains the second youngest individual gold medalist after Tara Lipinski in the history of the Olympic Winter Games, winning gold in women's 1500 m event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt lake city, United States, at 15 years and 277...

1986 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 3 5 2 1 8 6 4 1 11
Bonnie Blair
Bonnie Blair
Bonnie Kathleen Blair is a retired American speedskater. She is one of the top skaters of her time, and one of the most decorated athletes in Olympic history. Blair competed for the United States in four Olympics, and in her Olympic career won five gold medals and one bronze medal.-Career:Blair...

1964 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 ? 1+ 2+ 3+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 6+
Park Seung-Hi
Park Seung-Hi
Park Seung-Hi is an Korean short track speed skater. She is the 2010 Overall World Champion. She won two bronze medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.- 2010 Winter Olympics :...

1992 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 3 6 2 0 8 7 2 2 11
Cho Ha-Ri
Cho Ha-Ri
Cho Ha-Ri is a short track speed skater who competes for South Korea. She is the 2011 Overall World Champion.-Career:...

1986 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 6 2 3 11 7 2 4 13
Mariko Kinoshita 1967 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1+ 6+ ? 7+ 2+ 6+ 1+ 9+
Celeste Chlapaty ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ ? ? ? 3+ ? ? 3+
Brenda Webster
Brenda Webster
Brenda Webster is an American writer, critic and translator. She is the author of four novels, including "The Beheading Game".- History :Brenda Webster was born in New York City, the daughter of Ethel Schwabacher. She was educated at Swarthmore College, and Columbia University, and completed...

? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1+ 2+ ? 3+ 2+ 2+ ? 4+
Sarah Docter
Sarah Docter
Sarah Docter is a former athlete in the speed skating competition who representated the United States at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. She would win several national championships in the 1970s, including 1978 when she won championships in both the short track and long track...

? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1+ ? ? 1+ 2+ ? ? 2+

External links

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