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Shlomo Pines (August 5, 1908 – January 9, 1990) was a scholar of Jewish
Jewish philosophy

Jewish philosophy refers to the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. In a broad sense, it refers to all philosophical activity carried out by Jews or in relation to the religion of Judaism....
 and Islamic philosophy
Islamic philosophy

Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between philosophy and the religious teachings of Islam ....
, best known for his English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 translation of Maimonides
Maimonides

Moses Maimonides, also known as Rabbi Moses ben Maimon , the Rambam, and Musa ibn Maymun , was born in C?rdoba, Spain, Spain on March 30, 1135, and died in Egypt on December 13, 1204.....
' Guide to the Perplexed.

s was born in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, and grew up in Paris, Riga
Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
, Archangelsk, London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 and Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
. His father, Meir Pines, was a scholar and businessman whose Sorbonne
Sorbonne

The name Sorbonne is commonly used to refer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions , but this is a recent usage, and "Sorbonne" has actually been used with different meanings over the centuries....
 dissertation comprised the first attempt at a history of Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature

Yiddish literature encompasses all belles lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German. The history of the Yiddish language, with its roots in central Europe and its centuries of locus in Eastern Europe, is evident in the literature produced in this language....
.

Between 1926 and 1934 Shlomo Pines studied philosophy, Semitic Languages
Semitic languages

File:Amarna Akkadian letter.pngThe Semitic languages are a group of related languages whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa....
, and linguistuics at the universities of Heidelberg, Geneva
University of Geneva

The University of Geneva is a university in Geneva, Switzerland.Founded by John Calvin in 1559 as a Theology seminary that also taught law, it remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for the Enlightenment scholarship....
 and Berlin.






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Shlomo Pines (August 5, 1908 – January 9, 1990) was a scholar of Jewish
Jewish philosophy

Jewish philosophy refers to the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. In a broad sense, it refers to all philosophical activity carried out by Jews or in relation to the religion of Judaism....
 and Islamic philosophy
Islamic philosophy

Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between philosophy and the religious teachings of Islam ....
, best known for his English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 translation of Maimonides
Maimonides

Moses Maimonides, also known as Rabbi Moses ben Maimon , the Rambam, and Musa ibn Maymun , was born in C?rdoba, Spain, Spain on March 30, 1135, and died in Egypt on December 13, 1204.....
' Guide to the Perplexed.

Biography

Pines was born in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, and grew up in Paris, Riga
Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
, Archangelsk, London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 and Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
. His father, Meir Pines, was a scholar and businessman whose Sorbonne
Sorbonne

The name Sorbonne is commonly used to refer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions , but this is a recent usage, and "Sorbonne" has actually been used with different meanings over the centuries....
 dissertation comprised the first attempt at a history of Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature

Yiddish literature encompasses all belles lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German. The history of the Yiddish language, with its roots in central Europe and its centuries of locus in Eastern Europe, is evident in the literature produced in this language....
.

Between 1926 and 1934 Shlomo Pines studied philosophy, Semitic Languages
Semitic languages

File:Amarna Akkadian letter.pngThe Semitic languages are a group of related languages whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa....
, and linguistuics at the universities of Heidelberg, Geneva
University of Geneva

The University of Geneva is a university in Geneva, Switzerland.Founded by John Calvin in 1559 as a Theology seminary that also taught law, it remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for the Enlightenment scholarship....
 and Berlin. Among his friends at Berlin were Paul Kraus
Paul Kraus

Biography Paul Kraus was born in 1944 in Austria and migrated with his parents to Australia as a young child. In the 1960s Paul worked near a factory where asbestos sheets were sawn into smaller pieces....
 and Leo Strauss
Leo Strauss

Leo Strauss was a Germany-born Jewish-American Political philosophy who specialized in classical political philosophy. He spent most of his career as a professor of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught several generations of students and published 15 books....
, the latter of whom would contribute the lengthy introductory essay to Pines' classic translation of The Guide. From 1937 to 1939 he taught the history of science in Islamic countries at the Institute of the History of Science in Paris. In 1940, he and his family departed for Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
 on the last boat leaving Marseilles before the Nazi occupation of France (during which time 25% of French Jews were deported and murdered).

In the young State of Israel, Pines was a professor in the Department of Jewish Thought and the Department of Philosophy
Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, truth, beauty, justice, validity, mind, and language....
 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel's oldest university.The First Board of Governors included Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Martin Buber, and Chaim Weizmann....
 from 1952 until his death in 1990. His fluency in a wide variety of modern and ancient languages—including, but not limited to, Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, Syriac, Hebrew, Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
, Sanskrit
Sanskrit

Sanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India....
, Turkish
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
, and Coptic
Coptic language

Coptic or Coptic Egyptian is the final stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic languages language spoken in Egypt until at least the seventeenth century....
—enabled him to undertake scholarship of uniquely broad scope.

Major publications

  • Contributions to the Islamic Theory of Atoms (1936)
  • The Development of the Notion of Freedom (1984)
  • The Guide of the Perplexed I, II (1963)
  • Between the Thought of Israel and the Thought of the Nations
  • The Jewish Christians of the Early Centuries of Christianity According to a New Source (1966)
  • Summary of Arabic Philosophy, in the Cambridge History of Islam (1970)


External links

  • , by Sarah Stroumsa.