is one of the
23 special wardsThe are 23 municipalities that together make up the core and the most populous part of Tokyo, Japan. Together, they occupy the land that was the city of Tokyo before it was abolished in 1943. The special wards' structure was established under the Japanese Local Autonomy Law and is unique to...
of
Tokyo, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the city of Tokyo in the eastern part of the prefecture, totaling over 8 million people....
,
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. In English, it calls itself Shinagawa City. The ward is home to nine embassies.
As of 2008, the ward has an estimated
populationIn biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings. Individuals within a population share a factor may be reduced by statistical means, but such a generalization may be too vague to imply anything...
of 344,461 and a
densityPopulation density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. It is a key term used in geography....
of 15740 persons per km². The total area is 22.72 km².
Geography
Shinagawa includes natural uplands and lowlands, as well as reclaimed land. The uplands are the eastern end of the Musashino hills. They include Shiba Shiroganedai north of the Meguro River, Megurodai between the Meguro and Tachiai Rivers, and Ebaradai south of the Tachiai River.
The ward lies on
Tokyo Bayis a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. Its old name was .-Geography:Tokyo Bay is surrounded by the Boso Peninsula to the east and the Miura Peninsula to the west. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line formed by the on the Miura Peninsula on one end and on...
. Its neighbors on land are all special wards of Tokyo:
Kōtōis one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 442,271 and a density of 11,070 persons per km². The total area is 39.48 km². The ward refers to itself as Kōtō City in English....
to the east,
Minatois one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 1 March 2008, it had an official population of 217,335 and a density of 10,865 persons per km². The total area is 20.34 km².Minato hosts 49 embassies...
to the north,
Megurois one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It calls itself Meguro City in English.Meguro hosts fifteen foreign embassies and consulates. One of Tokyo's most exclusive residential neighborhoods is located in Meguro....
to the west, and
Ōtais one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 677,341 and a density of 11,360 persons per km²...
to the south.
The ward consists of five districts:
- the Shinagawa district, including the former Shinagawa post on the Tōkaidō
The ' was the most important of the Five Routes of the Edo period, connecting Edo to Kyoto in Japan. Unlike the inland and less heavily travelled Nakasendō, the Tōkaidō travelled along the sea coast of eastern Honshū, hence the route's name....
- the Ōsaki
is a primarily commercial district in the northern part of Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. By today, this district has completed several urban renewal programs around Ōsaki Station of Yamanote Line, which include Ohsaki New City , Gate City Ohsaki , Art Village Osaki , Oval Court Ohsaki , and ThinkPark...
district, formerly a town, stretching from Ōsaki Station to Gotanda and Meguro Stations
- the Ebara district, formerly a town of that name
- the Ōi district, previously the town
- the Yashio district, consisting of reclaimed land
History
Most of Tokyo east of the
Imperial PalaceImperial Palace may refer to:Institutions*Kaiserpfalz in the Holy Roman EmpirePlaces:*Forbidden City, Beijing, China*Tokyo Imperial Palace , Tokyo, Japan*Heijō Palace, Nara Japan*Heian Palace, Japan...
is reclaimed land. A large portion of reclamation happened during the
Edo periodThe , or , is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 and is the premodern era. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration, the...
. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947, through the administrative amalgamation of the former Ebara Ward with the former Shinagawa Ward. Both Ebara Ward and Shinagawa Ward had been created in 1932, with the outward expansion of the municipal boundaries of the
Tokyo Citywas a municipality in Japan which existed from May 1, 1889 until its merger with Tokyo Prefecture in July 1, 1943. The historical boundaries of Tokyo City are now occupied by independent special wards.-History:...
following the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake.
In the Edo period, Shinagawa was the first post town a traveler would reach after setting out from Nihombashi on the Tōkaidō highway from Edo to Kyoto. The post-town function is retained today with several large hotels near the train station offering 6,000 hotel rooms, the largest concentration in the city. The
Tokugawa shogunateThe Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which now is called Tokyo...
maintained the
Suzugamori execution groundsThe were one of the three sites in the vicinity of Edo where the Tokugawa shogunate executed criminals in the Edo period. The grounds were established in 1651 and operated until 1871. During this 220 year time period, an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 people were executed at Suzugamori.The site...
in Shinagawa. The
Tōkaidō ShinkansenThe is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen line, opened in 1964 between Tokyo and Shin-Ōsaka. It is operated by the Central Japan Railway Company , and formerly by Japan National Railways...
began serving
Shinagawa Stationis the first major station south ofTokyo Station and isa major interchange for trains operated by JR East, JR Central and Keikyū. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen and other trains to the Miura Peninsula, Izu Peninsula and the Tōkai region of Honshū pass through here. It is known as the southern gateway to...
from 2003, and the nearby Shinagawa Intercity office complex will be served by a new subway station in a few years' time.
Politics and government
Shinagawa is run by a city assembly of 40 elected members. The mayor as of 2007 is Takeshi Hamano, an independent.
Liberal Democratic PartyThe , frequently abbreviated to LDP or , is a centre right, conservative political party and the largest party in Japan. It had been one of the most consistently successful political parties in the democratic world...
together with New Komeito currently forms government.
Economy
Several companies have operations in Shinagawa. Companies headquartered in Shinagawa include
Isuzu, is a Japanese car, commercial vehicle and heavy truck manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. In 2005, Isuzu became the world's largest manufacturer of medium to heavy duty trucks. It has assembly and manufacturing plants in the Japanese city of Fujisawa, as well as in the prefectures...
Japan Airlines, is the flag carrier of Japan, with its headquarters in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. The airline's main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport, as well as Nagoya's Chūbu Centrair International Airport and Osaka's Kansai International Airport. The airline also...
(JAL), and JAL subsidiaries
JAL Express, is a low-cost airline registered in Tokyo, Japan, with its headquarters and main hub at Osaka International Airport. Its operations include scheduled and non-scheduled passenger services to eight regional destinations across Japan...
and
JALways, formerly , is an international airline registered in Tokyo, Japan, with its headquarters and main hub at Narita International Airport. The airline has a secondary hub at Osaka's Kansai International Airport...
. Prior to its dissolution JAL subsidiary
Japan Asia Airwaysis a defunct subsidiary of Japan Airlines which existed between 1975 and 2008. JAA was headquartered in the Japan Airlines Building in Shinagawa, Tokyo....
was headquartered in the JAL Building.
Namco Bandai Holdings has its head office in the Taiyo Seimei Shinagawa Building and its group administrative division in the Shinagawa Seaside South Tower.
Sonyis a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest media conglomerates with revenue exceeding ¥ 7.730.0 trillion, or $78.88 billion U.S. . Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communications, video game...
operates the Gotenyama Technology Center and the Osaki East Technology Center in Shinagawa. Sony used to have its headquarters in Shinagawa. Sony moved to
Minato, Tokyois one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 1 March 2008, it had an official population of 217,335 and a density of 10,865 persons per km². The total area is 20.34 km².Minato hosts 49 embassies...
around the end of 2006 and closed the Osaki West Technology Center in Shinagawa around 2007.
Adobe SystemsAdobe Systems Incorporated is an American computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, USA. The company has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more-recent foray towards rich Internet application software...
maintains its Japan headquarters on the 19th Floor of Gate City Ohsaki in Shinagawa.
Siemens AGSiemens AG is Europe's largest engineering conglomerate. Siemens' international headquarters are located in Berlin and Munich, Germany. The company is a conglomerate of three main business sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare with a total of 15 Divisions.Worldwide, Siemens and its subsidiaries...
has its Japan offices at the Takanawa Park Tower.
Phoenix TechnologiesPhoenix Technologies Ltd designs, develops and supports core system software for personal computers and other computing devices. Phoenix's products - commonly referred to as BIOS or firmware - support and enable the compatibility, connectivity, security and management of the various components...
operates its Japan office on the 8th floor of the Gotanda NN Building.
Other companies
- Imagica
is a Japanese post-production company for movies, television programmes and commercials, etc, established in 1935 and headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. It is a subsidiary of Imagica Robot Holdings Inc.-History:...
: cinema postproduction
- JTB Corporation
, is the largest travel agency in Japan and one of the largest travel agencies in the world. It specializes in tourism. There are branches all over the world to help Japanese visitors, including both private and business travelers. It was formerly owned by the Japanese government...
: major travel agency
- Pola Cosmetics: cosmetics maker
- Siemens Japan
Siemens AG is Europe's largest engineering conglomerate. Siemens' international headquarters are located in Berlin and Munich, Germany. The company is a conglomerate of three main business sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare with a total of 15 Divisions.Worldwide, Siemens and its subsidiaries...
- Philips
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. , most commonly known as Philips, is a Dutch electronics company.Philips is one of the largest electronics companies in the world. In 2007, its sales were €26.79 billion...
- Acura
Acura is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Honda Motor Company. The Acura brand has been used in the US, Canada, and Hong Kong since March 1986 to market Honda's performance vehicles and near-performance vehicles. The brand was introduced to Mexico in 2004 and to China in 2006...
(Honda is based in Minato, Tokyo)
- NSK Ltd.
NSK Ltd. inaugurated its business in November 1916 and produced the first ball bearings made in Japan. Since then, NSK Ltd...
(Bearings maker)
Places
- The Institute for Research in Human Happiness
is a new religious and spiritual movement founded in Japan in October 1986. In February 2008, the official English name for the group was changed from the Romanized Japanese Kofuku-no-Kagaku, to the English rendering "Happy Science"...
- National Institute of Japanese Literature
The , or NIJL, was established in May of 1972. Its primary purpose is to preserve manuscripts and books relating to the study of Japanese literature. Original texts and microfilms of these originals are stored in the institute's archives, although a project is underway to make digital copies of...
- Shinagawa Shrine
- Suzugamori Execution Grounds (Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 and is the premodern era. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration, the...
)
- TV Tokyo
is a television station headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Also known as , a portmanteau of "terebi" and "Tokyo", it is the key station of TX Network. It is one of the major Tokyo television stations, particularly specializing in anime...
Tennozu Studios
Universities
- Hoshi University
is a private university in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan, specializing in pharmaceutical sciences. The predecessor of the school was founded 1922. After becoming coeducational in 1946, it was chartered as a university in 1950....
- Rissho University
' is one of the oldest universities in Japan. Its history starts in 1580, when a seminary was established to be a center of learning for the young monks of the Nichiren shu.-Overview:...
- Seisen University
Seisen University refers to either:*Seisen University , a university in Shiga Prefecture*Seisen University , a women's college in Tokyo....
- Showa University
is a private university in Japan with campuses in Tokyo, Yamanashi and Kanagawa Prefectures. What was to become today's Showa University was founded in 1928 as Showa Medical School ; it was renamed Showa Medical University in 1946 before becoming Showa University in 1964.The University has schools...
- Sugino Women's University
Special colleges
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of EducationThe Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education is the board of education in Tokyo, Japan. The board manages the individual school systems within the metropolis. The board also directly manages all of the public high schools in Tokyo...
operates two special colleges in Shinagawa:
Primary and secondary
Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by the Shinagawa Ward Board of Education. Public high schools are operated by the
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of EducationThe Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education is the board of education in Tokyo, Japan. The board manages the individual school systems within the metropolis. The board also directly manages all of the public high schools in Tokyo...
.
Public high schools in Shinagawa include:
Important train stations
Shinagawa Stationis the first major station south ofTokyo Station and isa major interchange for trains operated by JR East, JR Central and Keikyū. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen and other trains to the Miura Peninsula, Izu Peninsula and the Tōkai region of Honshū pass through here. It is known as the southern gateway to...
in neighboring
Minatois one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 1 March 2008, it had an official population of 217,335 and a density of 10,865 persons per km². The total area is 20.34 km².Minato hosts 49 embassies...
also serves Shinagawa, and is a stop on the high-speed
Tōkaidō ShinkansenThe is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen line, opened in 1964 between Tokyo and Shin-Ōsaka. It is operated by the Central Japan Railway Company , and formerly by Japan National Railways...
line.
- Gotanda Station
is a railway station located in Tokyo's Shinagawa ward.-Lines:Gotanda is served by the following lines:* JR East Yamanote Line* Toei Asakusa Line * Tōkyū Ikegami Line - terminal station-Station layout:-JR East line:...
- Meguro Station
is a railway station located in Tokyo's Shinagawa ward close to the boundary with Meguro ward. The station is just south of Meguro Dori .-Lines:Meguro is served by the following lines:*East Japan Railway Company Yamanote Line...
- Ōsaki Station
is a railway stationin Tokyo's Shinagawa Ward. It is one of the stations where trains on the Yamanote Line loop are put into and taken out of service...
- Ōimachi Station
is an interchange train station located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.-Lines:Ōimachi Station is served by the following lines:*JR East**Keihin-Tōhoku Line*Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit**Rinkai Line*Tokyu Corporation**Ōimachi Line...
Rail
- East Japan Railway Company
is the largest passenger railway company in the world and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR East in English, and as in Japanese.-History:...
(JR East)
- Yamanote Line
The of East Japan Railway Company is one of Tokyo's busiest and most important commuter rail lines. Running as a circle, it connects most of Tokyo's major stations and urban centres including the Yūrakuchō area, Shibuya, Shinjuku and Ikebukuro with all but two of its 29 stations connecting with...
: Ōsaki, Gotandais a busy neighbourhood in the Shinagawa ward of Tokyo, Japan. The name "Gotanda" can be literally translated as "a paddy of half-hectare's size"...
, Meguro Stations
- Keihin-Tōhoku Line
The is an 81 km railway line in Japan that connects the cities of Saitama, Warabi, Kawaguchi, Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama. The origins of its name are Tokyo - Yokohama and Tohoku Main Line . Although it is a contiguous service, it is officially divided into 2 segments as follows: is the segment...
: Ōimachi Station
- Saikyō Line
The is a railway line between Ōsaki Station in Shinagawa, Tokyo) and Ōmiya Station .At the northern end of the line, some trains continue beyond Ōmiya as far as Kawagoe Station on the Kawagoe Line...
: Ōsaki Station
- Tōkaidō Main Line
thumb|right|Tōkaidō Main LineThe is the busiest trunk line of the Japan Railways Group , connecting Tokyo Station and Kobe Station. It is 589.5 km long, not counting its many freight feeder lines around the major cities...
: does not stop in Shinagawa
- Yokosuka Line
The is a rail line of JR East.The line is 73.3 km long from Tokyo Station to Kurihama Station, is of 1,067 mm gauge and is double-tracked between Tokyo and Yokosuka...
: Nishi-Ōi Station
- Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
The is a railway service in Japan which commenced in December 2001 connecting the cities of Maebashi, Takasaki, Utsunomiya, Saitama, Tokyo, Yokohama, Kamakura, and Odawara...
: Ōsaki, Nishi-Ōi Stations
- Tokyu Corporation (Tōkyū)
- Tōkyū Meguro Line
|}The is a railway line operated by Japanese private railway company Tōkyū. As a railway line, the name is for the section between Meguro and Den-en-chōfu in southwest Tokyo, but nearly all trains run to Hiyoshi on a quad-tracked section of the Tōyoko Line in Yokohama, Kanagawa...
: Meguro, Fudo-mae, Musashi-Koyama, Nishi-Koyama Stations
- Tōkyū Ōimachi Line
|}The is a railway line operated by the Japanese private railway operator Tokyu Corporation. It extends from Ōimachi in Shinagawa, Tokyo to Mizonokuchi in Kawasaki, Kanagawa.- Rolling stock :* For Local services** 8000 series** 8500 series** 8090 series...
: Shimo-Shinmei, Togoshi Koen, Nakanobe, Ebaramachi, Hatanodai Stations
- Tōkyū Ikegami Line
The is a line operated by Tokyu Corporation. It runs through Tokyo, extending from Gotanda Station in Shinagawa to Kamata Station in Ōta.New 3-car EMUs based on the Tōkyū 5000 series design were introduced in December 2007, with a total of 19 sets due to be delivered by 2011.- Rolling stock used...
: Gotanda, Ōsaki-Hirokoji, Togoshi Ginza, Ebara Nakanobu, Hatanodai Stations
- Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit: Tennōzu Isle, Shinagawa Seaside, Ōimachi, Ōsaki Stations
- Tokyo Monorail
is a monorail system connecting Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan to Hamamatsuchō Station in Minato, Tokyo. The trains operate along an elevated line that follows the coast of Tokyo Bay. The trip from the airport to Hamamatsuchō costs ¥470 each way.-History:...
: Tennōzu Isle, Ōi Keibajō-mae Stations
- Keihin Electric Express Railway
The , also known as or, more recently, , is a private railroad that connects inner Tokyo to Kawasaki, Yokohama, Yokosuka and other points on the Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture. means the Tokyo - Yokohama area. The companies railway origins date back to 1898, but the current company...
(Keikyū)
- Main Line
|}The is a commuter rail line operated by the , a Japanese private railway operator. The company and the main line are often called or Keikyū Line for short. The Main Line runs through Tokyo, Kawasaki, Yokohama and Yokosuka municipalities...
: Kita-Shinagawa, Shin-Bamba, Aomono Yokocho, Samezu, Tachiaikawa, Ōmori-Kaigan Stations
- Tokyo Metro
is one of two rapid transit systems making up the Tokyo subway system, the other being Toei. It is the most used subway system in the world in terms of annual passenger rides.-Organization:...
- Namboku Line
The is a subway line, part of the Tokyo Metro system in Tokyo, Japan. Its name literally means South-North Line, and it runs from Meguro Station in the south through 17 intermediate stations to Akabane-iwabuchi Station in the north. The Namboku Line color on maps is emerald green. Its stations...
: Meguro Station
- Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
The is Tokyo's public transportation authority. Its subway lines are commonly described as 都営 Toei, meaning "operated by the metropolitan government ."-Toei Subway:...
- Mita Line
The is a subway line of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation network in Tokyo, Japan. The line runs between Nishi-Takashimadaira in Itabashi and Meguro in Shinagawa. Trains often continues with direct service into the Meguro Line of Tokyu Corporation for...
: Meguro Station
- Asakusa Line
The is a subway line operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation in Tokyo, Japan. On maps, its color is light coral, and its stations carry the letter A followed by a two-digit number....
: Gotanda, Togoshi, Nakanobu Stations
Road
- Shuto Expressway
is a network of toll expressways in the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan. It is operated and maintained by the .Most routes consist of elevated roadway above other roads or over water, and have many sharp curves which require caution to drive safely...
- No. 1 Haneda Route (Edobashi JCT - Iriya)
- No.2 Meguro Route (Ichinohashi JCT - Togoshi)
- Bayshore Route (Kawasaki-Ukishima JCT - Koya)
- National highways of Japan
Japan has a nationwide system of distinct from the expressways. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and other government agencies administer the national highways. Beginning in 1952, Japan classified these as Class 1 or Class 2. Class 1 highways had one- or two-digit numbers, while...
- Route 1
National Route 1 is a major highway on the island of Honshū in Japan. It connects Chūō, Tokyo in the Kantō region with the city of Osaka, Osaka Prefecture in the Kansai region, passing through the Chūbu region en route. It follows the old Tōkaidō westward from Tokyo to Kyoto, and the old Kyo Kaidō...
- Route 15
- Route 357
Shinagawa is also home to the main motor vehicle registration facility for central Tokyo (located east of Samezu Station). As a result, many
license platesIn Japan, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the national government issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles through Land Transportation Offices nationwide. However, the local municipality rather than the national government registers certain vehicles with small...
in Tokyo are labeled with the name "Shinagawa."
Events
The Kariya Kiyoshi Abduction took place in Shinagawa. On February 28, 1995, members of
Aum ShinrikyoAum Shinrikyo, now known as Aleph, is a Japanese new religious movement. The group was founded by Shoko Asahara in 1984. The group gained international notoriety in 1995, when it carried out the sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subways....
abducted Kariya, a public employee, and took him to their facility in
Kamikuishiki, Yamanashiwas a village located in Nishiyatsushiro District, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.As of 2006, the village had an estimated population of 1,501 and a density of 17 persons per km²...
, where one of their members, Hayashi Ikuo, gave him an overdose of
sodium thiopentalSodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal , thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anaesthetic. It is an intravenous ultra-short-acting barbiturate...
of which he died. They incinerated his body and dumped his ashes in
Lake Kawaguchiis a lake near Mount Fuji, Japan. Located in Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi, it is the most popular of the Fuji Five Lakes in terms of tourists, and is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Kawaguchiko also serves as a major hub for those wishing to climb Mount Fuji during the climbing season...
.
Sister cities
Shinagawa has sister-city relationships with
AucklandThe Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with a population approaching 1.4 million residents, percent of the country's population. Demographic trends indicate that it will continue to grow faster than the rest...
in New Zealand,
GenevaGeneva, is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie...
in Switzerland, and
Portland, MainePortland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine and the county seat of Cumberland County. The 2007 estimated city population was 62,875. Portland is Maine's cultural, social and economic capital. It is also the principal city of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area, with...
in the United States.
GenevaGeneva, is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie...
,
SwitzerlandSwitzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 states named cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities...
AucklandThe Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with a population approaching 1.4 million residents, percent of the country's population. Demographic trends indicate that it will continue to grow faster than the rest...
,
New ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori named New Zealand Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud...
Harbin' , is a sub-provincial city and the capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. It lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River...
,
People's Republic of ChinaThe People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the most populous in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately one-fifth of the world's population...
Hayakawais a town located in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 1,592 and a density of 4.30 persons per km². The total area is 369.86 km².Hawakawa is twinned with Shinagawa, Tokyo.-External links:*...
,
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
Portland, MainePortland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine and the county seat of Cumberland County. The 2007 estimated city population was 62,875. Portland is Maine's cultural, social and economic capital. It is also the principal city of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area, with...
External links