Sherig-ool Oorzhak
Encyclopedia
Sherig-ool Dizizhikovich (ʃærɪɡɔːl dɪzɪʒɪɡovɪtʃ ɔːrʒʌk, born July 24, 1942 in the village of Shekpeer ʃækpæːr in independent People's Republic of Tuva, was the leader of Tuva
for 17 years, from 1990 to 2007.
Oorzhak graduated Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural academy
in 1971. Then he was an economist, director in the state farm "Shekpeer" in 1971-1980.
In 1983 became activist of Tuvan branch of Communist Party. Graduated Novosibirsk High Communist Party School in 1985. From December 1986 - secretary at the Tuvan branch of Communist Party of the Soviet Union
.
Three-times deputy of Supreme Soviet of Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
. From 1990 to 1992 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers (i.e. Prime Minister) of Tuva ASSR
. In 1990 elected people's deputy of RSFSR. In August 1991 suffered a defeat from Kaadyr-ool Bicheldei in run for Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
of Tuva ASSR
.
On March 15, 1992 he was elected to be President of the Republic of Tuva
. In 1993 - Head of Constitutionary commission of Tuva
; adopted Constitution on October 21, 1993. In 1997 - re-elected as President.
According Tuvan constitution, Tuva was "an independent state in association with Russia" and could "declare war and sign international agreements of its own will". During Russian regional constitutions' revision in 2000, these phrases were removed from the document. As political career of Oorzhal became uncertain after this, he had to pay some respect to Russian president and his affiliates and provided places in Council of Federation from Tuva to Serguey Pugachev and Lyudmila Narusova. The first is Kremlin-affiliated bank owner, while the second is the widow of late Anatoly Sobchak
.
In 2001 new Constitution of Tuva
cancelled the post of the President of Tuva for to make possible for Oorzhak to avoid two-term limit for President. On March 17, 2002 with 53% of the vote elected as a Prime Minister of Tuvan Government and changed his title from President to Prime Minister.
He was forced to resigned on April 6, 2007 after local opposition clans had made publicity of Oorzhak's corruption.
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
for 17 years, from 1990 to 2007.
Oorzhak graduated Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural academy
Russian State Agricultural University
Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev is one of the oldest agrarian educational institution in Russia. It was founded on December 3, 1865....
in 1971. Then he was an economist, director in the state farm "Shekpeer" in 1971-1980.
In 1983 became activist of Tuvan branch of Communist Party. Graduated Novosibirsk High Communist Party School in 1985. From December 1986 - secretary at the Tuvan branch of Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
.
Three-times deputy of Supreme Soviet of Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , or the Tuvan ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. It was created on October 10, 1961 from the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast. On March 31, 1992, its successor, the Tuva Republic, became a constituent member of the Russian...
. From 1990 to 1992 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers (i.e. Prime Minister) of Tuva ASSR
Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , or the Tuvan ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. It was created on October 10, 1961 from the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast. On March 31, 1992, its successor, the Tuva Republic, became a constituent member of the Russian...
. In 1990 elected people's deputy of RSFSR. In August 1991 suffered a defeat from Kaadyr-ool Bicheldei in run for Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
of Tuva ASSR
Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , or the Tuvan ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. It was created on October 10, 1961 from the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast. On March 31, 1992, its successor, the Tuva Republic, became a constituent member of the Russian...
.
On March 15, 1992 he was elected to be President of the Republic of Tuva
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
. In 1993 - Head of Constitutionary commission of Tuva
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
; adopted Constitution on October 21, 1993. In 1997 - re-elected as President.
According Tuvan constitution, Tuva was "an independent state in association with Russia" and could "declare war and sign international agreements of its own will". During Russian regional constitutions' revision in 2000, these phrases were removed from the document. As political career of Oorzhal became uncertain after this, he had to pay some respect to Russian president and his affiliates and provided places in Council of Federation from Tuva to Serguey Pugachev and Lyudmila Narusova. The first is Kremlin-affiliated bank owner, while the second is the widow of late Anatoly Sobchak
Anatoly Sobchak
Anatoly Alexandrovich Sobchak was a Russian politician, a co-author of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg, and a mentor and teacher of both Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev....
.
In 2001 new Constitution of Tuva
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
cancelled the post of the President of Tuva for to make possible for Oorzhak to avoid two-term limit for President. On March 17, 2002 with 53% of the vote elected as a Prime Minister of Tuvan Government and changed his title from President to Prime Minister.
He was forced to resigned on April 6, 2007 after local opposition clans had made publicity of Oorzhak's corruption.