Sheffield and Rotherham Railway
Encyclopedia
The Sheffield and Rotherham Railway was a short railway between Sheffield
and Rotherham
and the first in the two towns.
In the early nineteenth century, when news broke of the building of the North Midland Railway
, it was clear that George Stephenson
would follow the gentle gradient of the Rivers Rother
and Don, bypassing Sheffield
. Stephenson known for his railway building techniques never built lines with gradients higher than 1 in 130. Despite representations by Sheffield people, who engaged Joseph Locke
to state their case, and from Charles Vignoles and George Hudson
to convince Stephenson to bring the NMR
to Sheffield, the NMR was built via the Rother valley, to the East of Sheffield.
The act for the incorporation of the company received the Royal assent on 4 July 1836, authorising a capital of £100,000 and the facility to raise a loan of a further £30,000. A second act was obtained on 23 March 1840.
The first director was George Wilton Chambers, a coal master. Its secretary was Thomas Pearson
, a civil engineer and also a coal master. The engineers were John Stephenson (not known to be a relation of George) who introduced scientific methods into earthwork construction and the excavation of deep cuttings, and Isaac Dodds
whose "talent for invention was highly respected in his day" Superintending the construction was Frederick Swanwick, a pupil of George Stephenson
, who was nominally engineering chief.
in Rotherham.
The whole line was just over 5 miles more or less straight, with gentle gradients apart from a one in 68 section just before Rotherham. There were 13 bridges, six level crossings and five footpath crossings.
The track was laid to the standard gauge of 4 ft 8½in, since it would meet the North Midland Railway, and used fish bellied rail at about 50 lb. to the yard, on stone blocks or plain larch sleepers.
The first train, on 31 October, transported Earl Fitzwilliam
and guests to Rotherham. A celebration breakfast followed by the obligatory speeches were held at the Court House. The Rotherham proprietors used the return train to Sheffield. On the following day, 1 November 1838, came the public opening. The first train was pulled by Victory and consisted of six yellow and black carriages, holding 300 passengers. The line's trackside, trees and bridge were filled with crowds who'd turned up for the event. Victory travelled to Rotherham in 17 minutes. Locomotive London was the next one to travel to Rotherham and followed 2 minutes later. The first returning train met locomotive Leeds at Meadow Hall.
The number of passengers in the first year was double that which had been predicted when the line was put before Parliament. Advertised fares were one shilling
(5 p) first class, ninepence (3½ p) second and sixpence (2½ p) third class. No tips were allowed neither was smoking in the station.
Passenger trains were usually of three carriages, and made the journey in about 20 minutes, including two intermediate stops. Departures from Wicker were timetabled at 0800, 0900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600 and 1800 (plus a departure at 1900 on Mondays) and 0830, 0930, 1030, 1430, 1630 and 1830 from Rotherham.
opened in 1840, crossing the S&R near Masborough. A branch was built to link the railway to the North Midland in a northerly direction from Sheffield at Rotherham Masborough station
. A path to the South was installed in 1869.
On 7 August 1839 the railway opened a branch from its main line at Holmes to the head of the Greasbrough Canal
, where it connected with the colliery wagonways of Earl Fitzwilliam
. The facilities at Greasbrough were rather primitive and were felt to be the cause for poor results on coal traffic operations. At a meeting of shareholders on 15 February 1840, were discussed arrangements for working after the North Midland Railway
opened later in the year. It was hoped that traffic would increase and so the decision to build a booking office at Wicker station as well as a locomotive depot was taken. The decision to allow NMR stock to work throughout the S&R was taken in April 1840, avoiding the need to change train at Masborough
.
The line from Leeds opened on 1 July 1840 and a corresponding service with trains form Sheffield was established. The first train from Leeds was scheduled to arrive at Rotherham Masborough
0945 but the train from Sheffield saw no sign of the Leeds train. Having left at 0800, it arrived at 1030 due to weather conditions. The Sheffield portion of the train was attached at the back of the Leeds train and it then progressed South. The train arrived in Derby at 1315. Popular railway travel for citizens of Sheffield arrived on Monday 28 September 1840 when the NMR ran a half-price excursion to Leeds. On the first day this operation, 61 carriages were pulled by 5 locomotives.
NMR fares from Derby to Sheffield were 11 shilling
s (55 p) first class and 7 s (35 p) second class. The S&R dispensed with second class altogether. Locomotive Sheffield was chosen to pull one carriage on the full line. It departed on 11 April and was expected to arrive in Birmingham on 13 April. The train's only passengers were Mr and Mrs Vickers who were joined by George Stephenson
and Michael Longridge in Derby. The London & Birmingham Railway
obviously had a great sense of humour as they fined the Sheffield & Rotherham £10 for running over L&B lines without a fourteen day notice.
Nevertheless, as Whishaw put it: Before the introduction of railways, a journey from London to this place was attended with considerable fatigue, and occupied the best part of twenty-four hours; whereas, by the united efforts of four private companies, Sheffield is now within little more than an eight hours' easy drive of the metropolis.
One engine, the 2-2-2
Agilis was supplied in 1839 by Fenton, Murray and Jackson
, who provided another Rotherham, built under subcontract by Bingley and Company of Leeds
. Another, the Sheffield, said to be the first to have been built in that city, was provided in 1840 by Davy Brothers. This was a six wheeled locomotive to design of a Mr.William Vickers. The 5 ft 6 inch drivers were connected to the other wheel by four inch belts which provided traction on all wheels. It was later, it is believed, converted to a conventional pattern.
By 1840 the line owned six locomotives, all six-wheeled, with one or more supplied by Robert Stephenson and Company
.
Although services began with three classes of carriage, the second class was soon discarded. The first class consisted of the usual three compartments each holding six people and had Losh's patent wheels. The third class coaches apart from two were enclosed and held about 40 passengers, probably standing, and had the usual cast-iron wheels. Apart from one sheep truck, all the goods wagons belonged to Earl Fitzwilliam the coal owner.
closed. By February 1844 the S&R had decided that expansion regardless of cost was the only way to protect itself. A start was made by the construction of a small connecting line with the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
(SA&MR) at Bridgehouses
. The company’s half-yearly meeting held in August 1844 was a messy affair. The exact date at which the meeting was to be held was not known and no agenda had been established. Accusations of share trafficking were made. The recession faded away in 1843 and the Great Midland Amalgamation Bill passed parliament on 10 May 1844, creating the Midland Railway
. In September, the S&R began negotiations with the MR for either sale or lease of its railway to the MR. Terms were agreed upon quickly and the MR started operations on 10 October 1844. The title of S&R existed on paper until the takeover was finally authorised by an Act on 21 July 1845. In 1870 it built a line from Chesterfield through Sheffield, which rejoined the old line at Masborough. The majority of the line is still in use today.
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
and Rotherham
Rotherham
Rotherham is a town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Don, at its confluence with the River Rother, between Sheffield and Doncaster. Rotherham, at from Sheffield City Centre, is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the wider Metropolitan Borough of...
and the first in the two towns.
In the early nineteenth century, when news broke of the building of the North Midland Railway
North Midland Railway
The North Midland Railway was a British railway company, which opened its line from Derby to Rotherham and Leeds in 1840.At Derby it connected with the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station...
, it was clear that George Stephenson
George Stephenson
George Stephenson was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives...
would follow the gentle gradient of the Rivers Rother
River Rother, South Yorkshire
The River Rother is a river in the northern midlands of England, after which the town of Rotherham and the Rother Valley parliamentary constituency are named. It rises near Clay Cross in Derbyshire, and flows through the centre of Chesterfield, where it feeds the Chesterfield Canal...
and Don, bypassing Sheffield
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
. Stephenson known for his railway building techniques never built lines with gradients higher than 1 in 130. Despite representations by Sheffield people, who engaged Joseph Locke
Joseph Locke
Joseph Locke was a notable English civil engineer of the 19th century, particularly associated with railway projects...
to state their case, and from Charles Vignoles and George Hudson
George Hudson
George Hudson , English railway financier, known as "The Railway King", was born, the fifth son of a farmer, in Howsham, in the parish of Scrayingham in the East Riding of Yorkshire, north of Stamford Bridge, east of York. He is buried in Scrayingham...
to convince Stephenson to bring the NMR
North Midland Railway
The North Midland Railway was a British railway company, which opened its line from Derby to Rotherham and Leeds in 1840.At Derby it connected with the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station...
to Sheffield, the NMR was built via the Rother valley, to the East of Sheffield.
Planning
Much work had already been done in surveying the land between Rotherham and Sheffield with plans being put forward for a canal linking Tinsley to Sheffield earlier in the century. This was originally planned to follow a route to the North of the River Don to a basin in (or near) Saville Street. Plans were changed when it was realised that this route would preclude coal from the Duke of Norfolk's estate from directly reaching the waterway, and a new route to the South of the river used. The railway was aligned approximately North-Northeast so that it also followed a gentle gradient, making use of the same route as was planned for the canal.The act for the incorporation of the company received the Royal assent on 4 July 1836, authorising a capital of £100,000 and the facility to raise a loan of a further £30,000. A second act was obtained on 23 March 1840.
The first director was George Wilton Chambers, a coal master. Its secretary was Thomas Pearson
Thomas Pearson
Thomas Pearson was a British soldier, who took part in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, and in the War of 1812 against the United States of America....
, a civil engineer and also a coal master. The engineers were John Stephenson (not known to be a relation of George) who introduced scientific methods into earthwork construction and the excavation of deep cuttings, and Isaac Dodds
Dodds, Isaac and Son
Isaac Dodds and Son was a locomotive manufacturer based in the Holmes district of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England.Isaac Dodds took over part of the works of Samuel Walker and Company in Rotherham sometime while he was Superintendent of the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway. It is likely,...
whose "talent for invention was highly respected in his day" Superintending the construction was Frederick Swanwick, a pupil of George Stephenson
George Stephenson
George Stephenson was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives...
, who was nominally engineering chief.
Construction
From Wicker Station in Sheffield the line proceeded to the first stopping place at Brightside. It then followed the River Don to the next stop at Holmes, then passing close to Masbrough where the North Midland Railway would later cross it. The line then crossed the River Don arriving at Westgate StationRotherham Westgate Station
Rotherham Westgate railway station was the eastern terminus of the five-mile-long Sheffield and Rotherham Railway, the first passenger-carrying railway in the Sheffield/Rotherham area...
in Rotherham.
The track was laid to the standard gauge of 4 ft 8½in, since it would meet the North Midland Railway, and used fish bellied rail at about 50 lb. to the yard, on stone blocks or plain larch sleepers.
Opening
Although earthworks were unfinished and the second track had not been laid, the railway opened on 31 October 1838.The first train, on 31 October, transported Earl Fitzwilliam
Earl FitzWilliam
Earl Fitzwilliam was a title in both the Peerage of Ireland and the Peerage of Great Britain held by the head of the Fitzwilliam family. This family claim descent from William the Conqueror. The Fitzwilliams acquired extensive holdings in South Yorkshire, largely through strategic alliances through...
and guests to Rotherham. A celebration breakfast followed by the obligatory speeches were held at the Court House. The Rotherham proprietors used the return train to Sheffield. On the following day, 1 November 1838, came the public opening. The first train was pulled by Victory and consisted of six yellow and black carriages, holding 300 passengers. The line's trackside, trees and bridge were filled with crowds who'd turned up for the event. Victory travelled to Rotherham in 17 minutes. Locomotive London was the next one to travel to Rotherham and followed 2 minutes later. The first returning train met locomotive Leeds at Meadow Hall.
The number of passengers in the first year was double that which had been predicted when the line was put before Parliament. Advertised fares were one shilling
Shilling
The shilling is a unit of currency used in some current and former British Commonwealth countries. The word shilling comes from scilling, an accounting term that dates back to Anglo-Saxon times where it was deemed to be the value of a cow in Kent or a sheep elsewhere. The word is thought to derive...
(5 p) first class, ninepence (3½ p) second and sixpence (2½ p) third class. No tips were allowed neither was smoking in the station.
Passenger trains were usually of three carriages, and made the journey in about 20 minutes, including two intermediate stops. Departures from Wicker were timetabled at 0800, 0900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600 and 1800 (plus a departure at 1900 on Mondays) and 0830, 0930, 1030, 1430, 1630 and 1830 from Rotherham.
Operation
The North Midland RailwayNorth Midland Railway
The North Midland Railway was a British railway company, which opened its line from Derby to Rotherham and Leeds in 1840.At Derby it connected with the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station...
opened in 1840, crossing the S&R near Masborough. A branch was built to link the railway to the North Midland in a northerly direction from Sheffield at Rotherham Masborough station
Rotherham Masborough railway station
Rotherham Masborough railway station was the main railway station for Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England from the 1840s, until most of its trains were rerouted via Rotherham Central in 1987...
. A path to the South was installed in 1869.
On 7 August 1839 the railway opened a branch from its main line at Holmes to the head of the Greasbrough Canal
Greasbrough Canal
The Greasbrough Canal was a private canal built by the Marquess of Rockingham to serve his coal mining interests in and around the village of Greasbrough, near Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1780, and the Newbiggin branch was built some time later...
, where it connected with the colliery wagonways of Earl Fitzwilliam
Earl FitzWilliam
Earl Fitzwilliam was a title in both the Peerage of Ireland and the Peerage of Great Britain held by the head of the Fitzwilliam family. This family claim descent from William the Conqueror. The Fitzwilliams acquired extensive holdings in South Yorkshire, largely through strategic alliances through...
. The facilities at Greasbrough were rather primitive and were felt to be the cause for poor results on coal traffic operations. At a meeting of shareholders on 15 February 1840, were discussed arrangements for working after the North Midland Railway
North Midland Railway
The North Midland Railway was a British railway company, which opened its line from Derby to Rotherham and Leeds in 1840.At Derby it connected with the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station...
opened later in the year. It was hoped that traffic would increase and so the decision to build a booking office at Wicker station as well as a locomotive depot was taken. The decision to allow NMR stock to work throughout the S&R was taken in April 1840, avoiding the need to change train at Masborough
Rotherham Masborough railway station
Rotherham Masborough railway station was the main railway station for Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England from the 1840s, until most of its trains were rerouted via Rotherham Central in 1987...
.
The line from Leeds opened on 1 July 1840 and a corresponding service with trains form Sheffield was established. The first train from Leeds was scheduled to arrive at Rotherham Masborough
Rotherham Masborough railway station
Rotherham Masborough railway station was the main railway station for Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England from the 1840s, until most of its trains were rerouted via Rotherham Central in 1987...
0945 but the train from Sheffield saw no sign of the Leeds train. Having left at 0800, it arrived at 1030 due to weather conditions. The Sheffield portion of the train was attached at the back of the Leeds train and it then progressed South. The train arrived in Derby at 1315. Popular railway travel for citizens of Sheffield arrived on Monday 28 September 1840 when the NMR ran a half-price excursion to Leeds. On the first day this operation, 61 carriages were pulled by 5 locomotives.
NMR fares from Derby to Sheffield were 11 shilling
Shilling
The shilling is a unit of currency used in some current and former British Commonwealth countries. The word shilling comes from scilling, an accounting term that dates back to Anglo-Saxon times where it was deemed to be the value of a cow in Kent or a sheep elsewhere. The word is thought to derive...
s (55 p) first class and 7 s (35 p) second class. The S&R dispensed with second class altogether. Locomotive Sheffield was chosen to pull one carriage on the full line. It departed on 11 April and was expected to arrive in Birmingham on 13 April. The train's only passengers were Mr and Mrs Vickers who were joined by George Stephenson
George Stephenson
George Stephenson was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives...
and Michael Longridge in Derby. The London & Birmingham Railway
London and Birmingham Railway
The London and Birmingham Railway was an early railway company in the United Kingdom from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway ....
obviously had a great sense of humour as they fined the Sheffield & Rotherham £10 for running over L&B lines without a fourteen day notice.
Nevertheless, as Whishaw put it: Before the introduction of railways, a journey from London to this place was attended with considerable fatigue, and occupied the best part of twenty-four hours; whereas, by the united efforts of four private companies, Sheffield is now within little more than an eight hours' easy drive of the metropolis.
Locomotives and rolling stock
Among the first of the duties which fell to Isaac Dodds was designing the railway's first engine The Cutler. While up to that time, locomotive boilers had been fastened rigidly to the frames, Dodds fastened it at the front only, allowing for movement with expansion at the firebox end. Whether this locomotive was built by him, or whether the railway itself built any, is unclear, though Dodds left in 1842 to set up in business on his own. Certainly, at that time, demand may have been outstripping supply.One engine, the 2-2-2
2-2-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle two powered driving wheels on one axle, and two trailing wheels on one axle. The wheel arrangement both provided more stability and enabled a larger firebox...
Agilis was supplied in 1839 by Fenton, Murray and Jackson
Fenton, Murray and Jackson
Fenton, Murray and Jackson was an engineering company at the Round Foundry off Water Lane in Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.-Fenton, Murray and Wood:...
, who provided another Rotherham, built under subcontract by Bingley and Company of Leeds
Leeds
Leeds is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 , making it the 30th-most populous city in the European Union.Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial...
. Another, the Sheffield, said to be the first to have been built in that city, was provided in 1840 by Davy Brothers. This was a six wheeled locomotive to design of a Mr.William Vickers. The 5 ft 6 inch drivers were connected to the other wheel by four inch belts which provided traction on all wheels. It was later, it is believed, converted to a conventional pattern.
By 1840 the line owned six locomotives, all six-wheeled, with one or more supplied by Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823. It was the first company set up specifically to build railway engines.- Foundation and early success :...
.
Although services began with three classes of carriage, the second class was soon discarded. The first class consisted of the usual three compartments each holding six people and had Losh's patent wheels. The third class coaches apart from two were enclosed and held about 40 passengers, probably standing, and had the usual cast-iron wheels. Apart from one sheep truck, all the goods wagons belonged to Earl Fitzwilliam the coal owner.
Later history
Economic stagnation in 1841 and 1842 meant that the S&R saw little profit the following years. In January 1843, the line's only intermediate station, Grimesthorpe BridgeGrimesthorpe Bridge railway station
Grimesthorpe Bridge railway station was a minor railway station in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The station served the communities of Grimesthorpe and was situated on the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway, lying between Wicker and Brightside....
closed. By February 1844 the S&R had decided that expansion regardless of cost was the only way to protect itself. A start was made by the construction of a small connecting line with the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
Sheffield, Ashton-Under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway was an early British railway company which opened in stages between 1841 and 1845 between Sheffield and Manchester via Ashton-under-Lyne...
(SA&MR) at Bridgehouses
Bridgehouses railway station
Bridgehouses railway station was the terminal station of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway from its opening in 1845 until the opening of the Wicker Arches, a long viaduct across the Don Valley, which supported the new Sheffield Victoria opened on 15 September 1851...
. The company’s half-yearly meeting held in August 1844 was a messy affair. The exact date at which the meeting was to be held was not known and no agenda had been established. Accusations of share trafficking were made. The recession faded away in 1843 and the Great Midland Amalgamation Bill passed parliament on 10 May 1844, creating the Midland Railway
Midland Railway
The Midland Railway was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844 to 1922, when it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway....
. In September, the S&R began negotiations with the MR for either sale or lease of its railway to the MR. Terms were agreed upon quickly and the MR started operations on 10 October 1844. The title of S&R existed on paper until the takeover was finally authorised by an Act on 21 July 1845. In 1870 it built a line from Chesterfield through Sheffield, which rejoined the old line at Masborough. The majority of the line is still in use today.