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Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabird
Seabird

Seabirds are birds that have adaptation to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behavior and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding ecological niche have resulted in similar adaptations....
s. There are more than 30 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus Calonectris
Calonectris

Calonectris is a genus of seabirds. It comprises three large shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera. Puffinus, which comprises about twenty small to medium-sized shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
 and many smaller species in the genus Puffinus
Puffinus

Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It comprises about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera: Calonectris, which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
. The Procellaria
Procellaria

'Procellaria' is a genus of southern ocean long-winged seabirdsAll five species are named as 'petrel', although they were thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters and current research places them closer to the prion s....
 petrel
Petrel

This article is about the petrel seabirds. For other uses, see petrel . The flammable liquid is correctly spelt petrol.'Petrels' are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes....
s and Bulweria
Bulweria

Bulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae named after English naturalist James Bulwer. The genus has two living species, Bulwer's Petrel and Jouanin's Petrel ....
 were believed to belong to this group, but are only distantly related based on more recent studies, while the Pseudobulweria
Pseudobulweria

Pseudobulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae. The genus has long been retained with the gadfly petrel genus Pterodroma despite morphological differences....
 and Lugensa "petrels" are more closely related (Bretagnolle et al., 1998; Nunn & Stanley, 1998).






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Claire lives up on Saint Mary's walk, with her mother. And I live down on Philomel, by the harbor And I hate the ocean.

St. Mary's Walk

Everybody makes mistakes - some do most of all. I just dont have what it takes, theyre singing as they fall.

Mistakes

Hurts so bad that you know it's not sinning.The funny thing is it's just beginning to feel good.

Not Tonight

If you stay sober, I'll put the kettle on. And you can come over, drink tea, and watch the lawn.

If You Stay Sober

People got no respect for the dead; they roll new plans out neatly.

An Accident

We will stand in the waves while the colors all run, and our minds fill with light until we start to go numb.

Mountain Laurel Category:Musicians





Encyclopedia


Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabird
Seabird

Seabirds are birds that have adaptation to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behavior and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding ecological niche have resulted in similar adaptations....
s. There are more than 30 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus Calonectris
Calonectris

Calonectris is a genus of seabirds. It comprises three large shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera. Puffinus, which comprises about twenty small to medium-sized shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
 and many smaller species in the genus Puffinus
Puffinus

Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It comprises about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera: Calonectris, which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
. The Procellaria
Procellaria

'Procellaria' is a genus of southern ocean long-winged seabirdsAll five species are named as 'petrel', although they were thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters and current research places them closer to the prion s....
 petrel
Petrel

This article is about the petrel seabirds. For other uses, see petrel . The flammable liquid is correctly spelt petrol.'Petrels' are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes....
s and Bulweria
Bulweria

Bulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae named after English naturalist James Bulwer. The genus has two living species, Bulwer's Petrel and Jouanin's Petrel ....
 were believed to belong to this group, but are only distantly related based on more recent studies, while the Pseudobulweria
Pseudobulweria

Pseudobulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae. The genus has long been retained with the gadfly petrel genus Pterodroma despite morphological differences....
 and Lugensa "petrels" are more closely related (Bretagnolle et al., 1998; Nunn & Stanley, 1998). The genus Puffinus can be divided into a group of small species close to Calonectris and a few larger ones more distantly related to both (Austin, 1996). One thing that can be agreed upon about taxonomy of Procellariidae
Procellariidae

The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prion , and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes , which also includes the albatrosses, the storm-petrels, and the diving petrels....
 is that it is in a state of flux.

These birds are most common in temperate and cold waters. They are pelagic outside the breeding season.

These tubenose
Tubenose

Tubenose may refer to:* Birds in the order Procellariiformes.* Fishes in the family Aulorhynchidae....
 bird
Bird

Birds are wing, Bipedalismal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay egg . There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates....
s fly with stiff wings and use a “shearing” flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight. Some small species, like Manx Shearwater
Manx Shearwater

The Manx Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx Shearwaters were called Manks Puffins in the 17th Century....
 are cruciform in flight, with their long wings held directly out from their bodies.

Many are long-distance migrants, perhaps most spectacularly Sooty Shearwater
Sooty Shearwater

The Sooty Shearwater is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori language name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater ....
s, which cover distances in excess of from their breeding colony on the Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located from the coast of Argentina, west of the Shag Rocks , and north of the British Antarctic Territory ....
 (52°S 60°W) north to 65°-70°N in the North Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
 off north Norway
Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
. Short-tailed Shearwater
Short-tailed Shearwater

The Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris, or Yolla, more commonly known as the muttonbird in Australia, is the most abundant seabird species in Australian waters, and is one of the few Australian native birds that is muttonbirding....
s perform an even longer "figure of 8" loop migration in the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
 from Tasmania
Tasmania

Tasmania is an Australian island and States and territories of Australia of the same name. It is located south of the eastern side of the continent, being separated from it by Bass Strait....
 to as far north as the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
 off northwest Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
.

They are also extraordinarily long-lived. A Manx Shearwater
Manx Shearwater

The Manx Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx Shearwaters were called Manks Puffins in the 17th Century....
 breeding on Copeland Island, Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland

conventional_long_name = Northern Ireland|native_name= Tuaisceart ?ireannNorlin Airlann|motto =|image_map = Europe location N-IRL2.png...
, is currently (2003/2004) the oldest known wild bird in the world: ringed
Bird ringing

Bird ringing is an aid to studying wild birds, by attaching a small individually numbered metal or plastic ring to their legs or wings, so that various aspects of the bird's life can be studied by the ability to re-find the same individual later....
 as an adult (at least 5 years old) in July 1953, it was retrapped in July 2003, at least 55 years old. Manx Shearwaters migrate over to South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
 in winter, using waters off southern Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
 and Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
, so this bird has covered a minimum of on migration alone.

Shearwaters come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimize predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact calls on their night-time visits. They lay a single white egg.

They feed on fish, squid, and similar oceanic food. Some will follow fishing boats to take scraps, notably Sooty Shearwater; these species also commonly follow whale
Whale

Whales are marine mammals of order Cetacea which are neither dolphinsmembers, in other words, of the families Oceanic dolphin or River dolphinnor porpoises....
s to feed on fish disturbed by them. Their primary technique for feeding is diving and some species diving as much as under water.

Shearwaters are part of the family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 Procellariidae
Procellariidae

The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prion , and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes , which also includes the albatrosses, the storm-petrels, and the diving petrels....
, which also includes fulmarine petrel
Fulmarine petrel

The fulmarine petrels or fulmar-petrels are a distinct group of petrels within the procellariidae family . They are the most variable of the four groups within the Procellariidae, differing greatly in size and biology....
s, prion
Prion (bird)

The Prions are small petrels in the genera Pachyptila and Halobaena. They form one of the four groups within the Procellariidae , along with the gadfly petrels, shearwaters and fulmarine petrels....
s, and gadfly petrel
Gadfly petrel

The gadfly petrels are seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. These medium to large petrels feed on food items picked from the ocean surface....
s.

List of species

  • Calonectris
    Calonectris

    Calonectris is a genus of seabirds. It comprises three large shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera. Puffinus, which comprises about twenty small to medium-sized shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
    • Calonectris diomedea, Cory's Shearwater
      Cory's Shearwater

      The Cory's Shearwater is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.This species breeds on islands and cliffs in the Mediterranean, with the odd outpost on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Iberian peninsula....
    • Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Shearwater
      Cape Verde Shearwater

      The Cape Verde Shearwater , or Cagarra locally, is a medium-large shearwater, a seabird in the petrel family Procellariidae. It is a breeding Endemism in birds of the Cape Verde archipelago of Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of West Africa....
    • Calonectris leucomelas , Streaked Shearwater
      Streaked Shearwater

      The Streaked Shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas is a species of seabird. The bird is 48 cm in size, with a 122 cm wingspan. This species is pelagic, but also occurs in inshore waters....


  • Puffinus
    Puffinus

    Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It comprises about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. There are two other shearwater genera: Calonectris, which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species....
    • "Puffinus" group - smaller species, closely related to Calonectris
    • Puffinus nativatis, Christmas Shearwater
      Christmas Shearwater

      The Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis, is a medium sized shearwater of the tropical Central Pacific. It is a poorly known species due to its remote nesting habits, and it has not been extensively studied at sea either....
    • Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater
      Manx Shearwater

      The Manx Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx Shearwaters were called Manks Puffins in the 17th Century....
    • Puffinus yelkouan, Yelkouan Shearwater
      Yelkouan Shearwater

      The Yelkouan Shearwater, Levantine Shearwater or Mediterranean Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae....
    • Puffinus mauretanicus, Balearic Shearwater
      Balearic Shearwater

      The Balearic Shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was long regarded a subspecies of the Manx Shearwater; see there for more on the Puffinus puffinus superspecies; following an initial split it was held to be a subspecies of the "Mediterranean Shearwater" for nearly ten more years, until it...
    • Puffinus huttoni, Hutton's Shearwater
      Hutton's Shearwater

      The Hutton's Shearwater is a species of seabird in the family Procellariidae. Its common and specific name commemorates F. W. Hutton, a former curator of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch....
    • Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Shearwater
      Black-vented Shearwater

      The Black-vented Shearwater is a species of seabird. The bird is 30-38 cm in size, with a 76-89 cm wingspan. Formerly considered a subspecies of the Manx Shearwater, its actual relationships are unresolved....
    • Puffinus auriculatus, Townsend's Shearwater
      Townsend's Shearwater

      Townsend's Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis is a rare seabird of the tropics from the family Procellariidae.Its relationships are unresolved....
    • Puffinus newelli, Hawaiian Shearwater or Newell's Shearwater
    • Puffinus gavia, Fluttering Shearwater
      Fluttering Shearwater

      The Fluttering Shearwater is a species of seabird in the Procellariidae family.It is found in New Zealand and Solomon Islands.Its natural habitats are open seas and rocky shores....
    • Puffinus assimilis, Little Shearwater
      Little Shearwater

      The Little Shearwater , sometimes called Southern Little Shearwater to distinguish it from the North Atlantic Little Shearwater which was formerly included in this species, is a small shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae....
    • Puffinus baroli, North Atlantic Little Shearwater
      North Atlantic Little Shearwater

      The North Atlantic Little Shearwater , also known as the Macaronesian Shearwater, is a small shearwater which breeds in the North Atlantic....
    • Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon's Shearwater
      Audubon's Shearwater

      Audubon's Shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri, is a common tropical seabird from the family Procellariidae. Sometimes called Dusky-backed Shearwater, the scientific name of this species commemorates the French naturalist F?lix Louis L'Herminier....
      • Puffinus (lherminieri) baroli, North Atlantic Little Shearwater
        North Atlantic Little Shearwater

        The North Atlantic Little Shearwater , also known as the Macaronesian Shearwater, is a small shearwater which breeds in the North Atlantic....
        , not agreed upon as to whether a ssp. or sp.
      • Puffinus (lherminieri) bailloni, Tropical Shearwater or Baillon's Shearwater, not agreed upon as to whether a ssp. or sp.
    • Puffinus heinrothi, Heinroth's Shearwater
      Heinroth's Shearwater

      Heinroth's Shearwater is a poorly known seabird in the family Procellariidae. Probably a close relative of the Little Shearwater or Audubon's Shearwater , it is distinguished by a long and slender bill and a brown-washed underside....
    • Puffinus bannermani, Bannerman's Shearwater
    • Puffinus persicus, Persian Shearwater
    • "Neonectris" group - larger species, a distinct lineage
    • Puffinus creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater
      Pink-footed Shearwater

      The Pink-footed Shearwater is a species of seabird. The bird is 48 cm in size, with a 109 cm wingspan. It is polymorphic, having both darker and lighter phase populations....
    • Puffinus carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater
      Flesh-footed Shearwater

      The Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes, is a small shearwater. Its plumage is black. It has pale pinkish feet, and a pale bill with a black tip....
    • Puffinus gravis, Great Shearwater
      Great Shearwater

      The Great Shearwater is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. Its relationships are unclear. It belongs in the group of large species that could be separated as genus Ardenna ; within these, it might be allied with the other black-billed, blunt-tailed species Short-tailed Shearwater and especially Sooty Shearwater ....
    • Puffinus pacificus, Wedge-tailed Shearwater
      Wedge-tailed Shearwater

      The Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It is one of the shearwater species that is sometimes referred to as a Muttonbird, like the Sooty Shearwater of New Zealand and the Short-tailed Shearwater of Australia....
    • Puffinus bulleri, Buller's Shearwater
      Buller's Shearwater

      Buller's Shearwater is a Pacific species of seabird in the family Procellariidae; it is also known as the Grey-backed Shearwater or New Zealand Shearwater....
    • Puffinus griseus, Sooty Shearwater
      Sooty Shearwater

      The Sooty Shearwater is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori language name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater ....
    • Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater
      Short-tailed Shearwater

      The Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris, or Yolla, more commonly known as the muttonbird in Australia, is the most abundant seabird species in Australian waters, and is one of the few Australian native birds that is muttonbirding....
       or Mutton bird
    • †Puffinus olsoni, Lava Shearwater
      Lava Shearwater

      The Lava Shearwater, Puffinus olsoni, was a species of shearwater that formerly bred on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands....
       or Olson's Shearwater. (extinct)


  • Pseudobulweria
    Pseudobulweria

    Pseudobulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae. The genus has long been retained with the gadfly petrel genus Pterodroma despite morphological differences....
    • Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi, Fiji Petrel
      Fiji Petrel

      The Fiji Petrel, Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi, is a small, dark gadfly petrel.The Fiji Petrel was originally known from one immature specimen found in 1855 on Gau Island, Fiji by a naturalist on board 'HMS Herald' who took the carcass to the British Museum in London....
    • Pseudobulweria rostrata, Tahiti Petrel
      Tahiti Petrel

      The Tahiti Petrel, P?trel De Tahiti, or Petrel De Tahit? is a species of seabird in the Procellariidae family.It is found in American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Mexico, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and possibly the Cook Islands....
    • Pseudobulweria becki, Beck's Petrel
      Beck's Petrel

      Beck?s Petrel, Pseudobulweria becki, is a small, recently rediscovered gadfly petrel. It is dark brown above and on the head and throat. It is dark underneath the wings with a fairly distinct white wingbar....
    • Pseudobulweria aterrima, Mascarene Petrel


  • Lugensa
    • Lugensa brevirostris, Kerguelen Petrel
      Kerguelen Petrel

      The Kerguelen Petrel, Lugensa brevirostris, is a small slate-grey seabird in the family Procellariidae. The species has been described as a "taxonomy oddball", being placed for a long time in Pterodroma before being split out in 1942 into its own genus Lugensa ....


  • Bulweria
    • Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer's Petrel
      Bulwer's Petrel

      The Bulwer's Petrel is a small petrel in the family Procellariidae, and is one of two species in the genus Bulweria . This bird is named after the Scottish naturalist James Bulwer....
    • Bulweria fallax, Jouanin's Petrel
      Jouanin's Petrel

      The Jouanin's Petrel is a species of seabird in the Procellariidae family.It is found in Djibouti, Indonesia, Pakistan, Kenya, Maldives, Mozambique, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Somalia, the United States, and Yemen....
    • Bulweria bifax, Small St. Helena Petrel


  • Procellaria
    • Procellaria cinerea, Grey Petrel
      Grey Petrel

      The Grey Petrel or Pediunker is a species of seabird in the Procellariidae family. It occurs in the open seas of the Southern Hemisphere, mainly between 60?S and 25?S....
    • Procellaria aequinoctialis, White-chinned Petrel
      White-chinned Petrel

      The White-chinned Petrel is large shearwater in the family Procellariidae.It ranges around the Southern Ocean as far north as South Australia, Peru and Namibia, and breeds seabird colony on scattered islands; South Georgia, Prince Edward Islands, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Auckland Island, Campbell Island and Antipodes Islands....
    • Procellaria conspicillata, Spectacled Petrel
      Spectacled Petrel

      The Spectacled Petrel, Procellaria conspicillata, is a rare seabird that nests only on the high western plateau of Inaccessible Island in the Tristan da Cunha group....
    • Procellaria parkinsoni, Parkinson's Petrel
      Parkinson's Petrel

      The Parkinson's Petrel or Black Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni, is a large, black petrel, the smallest of the Procellaria. The species is an endemism breeder of New Zealand, breeding only on islands off the North Island, on Great Barrier Island and Little Barrier Island....
    • Procellaria westlandica, Westland Petrel
      Westland Petrel

      The Westland Petrel is a rare seabird that nests in New Zealand's forests. It is one of the largest petrels that nest in burrows, and is threatened by species introduced species to New Zealand....


Footnotes


External links

  • on the Internet Bird Collection