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The Sharif of Mecca or Sharif of Hejaz was the title of the former governors of Hejaz
Hejaz

al-Hejaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined mostly by the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan....
 and a traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca
Mecca

Mecca , also spelled Makkah , Makka is a city in Saudi Arabia. Home to the Masjid al-Haram, it is the holy city in Islam and plays an important role in the faith....
 and Medina
Medina

Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
. The term Sharif
Sharif

Sharif is a traditional Arab Tribe title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land....
 means noble in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, and indicates descent from Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
 through his grandson al-Hassan ibn Ali.

The sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the Hajj
Hajj

The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca . It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so....
.






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The Sharif of Mecca or Sharif of Hejaz was the title of the former governors of Hejaz
Hejaz

al-Hejaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined mostly by the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan....
 and a traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca
Mecca

Mecca , also spelled Makkah , Makka is a city in Saudi Arabia. Home to the Masjid al-Haram, it is the holy city in Islam and plays an important role in the faith....
 and Medina
Medina

Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
. The term Sharif
Sharif

Sharif is a traditional Arab Tribe title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land....
 means noble in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, and indicates descent from Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
 through his grandson al-Hassan ibn Ali.

The sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the Hajj
Hajj

The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca . It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so....
. The title is sometimes spelled Sheriff or Sherif, with the latter variant used, for example, by T. E. Lawrence
T. E. Lawrence

Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence Order of the Bath, Distinguished Service Order , known professionally as T. E. Lawrence, was a British people soldier renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt of 1916–18....
 in Seven Pillars of Wisdom
Seven Pillars of Wisdom

Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph is the autobiography account of the experiences of British soldier T. E. Lawrence , while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire Turkey of 1916 to 1918....
. The common-law
Common law

Common law refers to law and the corresponding Legal systems of the world developed through legal opinion of courts and similar tribunals , rather than through statute law or Executive ....
 political and legal office of sheriff
Sheriff

A sheriff is in principle a legal official with responsibility for a county. In practice, the specific combination of legal, political, and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country....
 found in some anglophone countries is unrelated.

The office of the Sharifate of Mecca dates back to the late Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 era. Since 1201, the Sharifate was held by a member of the Hawashim clan, not to be confused with the larger clan of Banu Hashim
Banu Hashim

Banu Hashim was a clan in the Quraish tribe. Islam's last Prophet, Muhammad, was a member of this clan; his great-grandfather was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, for whom the clan is named....
 to which all Sharifs claim descent. Descendants of this family continued to hold the position until the Twentieth Century on behalf of various Muslim powers including the Ayyubids and the Mamelukes. In 1517, the Sharif acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 Caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
, but maintained a great degree of local autonomy. During the Ottoman era, the Sharifate expanded its authority northwards to include Medina
Medina

Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
, and southwards to the frontiers of 'Asir
'Asir

?Asir is a provinces of Saudi Arabia of Saudi Arabia located in the southwest of the country. It has an area of 81,000 km? and an estimated population of 1,563,000....
, and regularly raided Nejd.

The Sharifate came to an end shortly after the reign of Hussein bin Ali
Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, Order of the Bath was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition....
, who rebelled against the Ottoman rule during the Arab Revolt
Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and creating a single unified Arab state spanning from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen....
 of 1916. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and its subsequent dissolution in 1923, Hussein declared himself Caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
. The British granted control over the newly formed states of Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
 and Transjordan
Transjordan

The Emirate of Transjordan was a former Ottoman Empire territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine in 1921 as an autonomous political division under Abdullah I of Jordan....
 to his sons Faisal
Faisal I of Iraq

Faisal bin Al Hussein Bin Ali El-Hashemi , GCB, GCMG was for a short time king of Greater Syria in 1920 and List of Kings of Iraq from 23 August 1921, to 1933....
 and Abdullah
Abdullah I of Jordan

Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan was born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, as ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????, to Sherif Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, later King of Hejaz, and his first wife Abdiya bint Abdullah....
. In 1924, however, in the face of increasing attacks by Ibn Saud, Hussein abdicated his secular titles to his eldest son, Ali bin Hussein
Ali of Hejaz

Ali bin Hussein, GBE was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925. He was the eldest son of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, the first modern King of Hejaz, and a scion of the Hashemite family....
, who was to become the last Grand Sharif. At the end of 1924, the Ibn Saud conquered the Hejaz
Hejaz

al-Hejaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined mostly by the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan....
 and expelled the Hashemites. The House of Saud
House of Saud

House of Saud is the royal family of the Saudi Arabia. The modern nation of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932, though the roots and influence for the House of Saud had been planted in the Arabian Peninsula several centuries earlier....
 has since exercised stewardship over the holy cities and the Hajj
Hajj

The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca . It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so....
.

List of Sharifs of Mecca


Pre-Ayyubid Dynasty

  • Muhammed Abu-Jafar Al-Thalab (The fox) (967–980)
  • Sharif Essa (980–994)
  • Sharif Abu Al-Futooh (994–1039)
  • Sharif Shukrul-Din (1039–1061)
  • Abul-Hashim ibn Muhammed (1061–1094)
  • Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094–1201)


During Ayyubid Empire (1174–1254)

  • Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094–1201)
  • Qatada Abul-Aziz (1201–1220)(Was killed at age 90 by his son)
  • Ibn Qatada Al-Hashimi (1220–1241)(Al-Zahir Baibers ruler of Egypt sends a prince to collect Zakat from the area including the surrounding bedouins)
  • Al-Hassan abul-Saad (1241–1254)


During Mamluk Empire (1254–1517)

  • Muhammed abul-Nubaj (1254–1301): First Mamluk
    Mamluk

    A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....
     Sharif after the fall of Ayyubid Empire
    Ayyubid dynasty

    The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurds origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen , Diyar Bakr, Mecca, Hejaz and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries....
  • Rumaitha Abul-Rada (1301–1346)
  • Aljan Abul-Sarjah (1346–1375)
  • Al-Hassan II (1394–1425)
  • Barakat I (1425–1455)
  • Malik ul-Adil ibn Muhammed ibn Barakat (1455–1497)
  • Barakat II bin Muhammed (Barakat Efendi)(1497–1525): Built the first Walls of Jeddah
    Jeddah

    Jeddah is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh....
     by order of Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri
    Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri

    Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri was the last of the Mamluk Sultans. One of the last of the Burji dynasty, he reigned from 1501 to 1516.On the disappearance of Sultan Al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Tuman bay I, it was not till after some days that the choice of the Emirs and Mamluks fell upon Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri....


During Ottoman Empire (1517–1916)

Flag of Turkey
* Barakat Efendi (1497–1525): First Ottoman Sharif; Hejaz became an Ottoman state after the fall of Cairo
Cairo

Cairo , which means "the triumphant", is the Cairo and largest city of Egypt.It is the most populous metropolitan area in Egypt and is also one of the most populous in the world....
 to Sultan Selim I
Selim I

Selim I also known as "the Grim" or "the Brave", or the best translation "the Stern", Yavuz in Turkish language, the long name is Yavuz Sultan Selim; October 10 1465/1466/1470 September 22, 1520) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520....
.
  • Muhammed Abul-Nubaj bin Barakat (1525–1583): Rebuilt the walls of Jeddah
    Jeddah

    Jeddah is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh....
     in 1525 following the victory over Portuguese Armada
    Portuguese Gold Coast

    The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese Empire on the West African Gold Coast on the Gulf of Guinea....
     in the Red Sea
    Red Sea

    The Red Sea is a salt water inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden....
  • Al-Hassan bin Muhammad Abul-Nubaj (1583–1601)
  • Idris bin Al-Hassan (1601–1610)
  • Muhsin bin Hussein (1610–1628)
  • Ahmed bin Talib Al-Hasan (1628–1629)
  • Masud bin Idris (Masut Efendi) (1629–1630)
  • Abdullah bin Hassan (1630–1631)
  • Zeid bin Muhsin (1631–1666)
  • Saad bin Zeid (1666–1667)
  • Muhsin bin Ahmed (1667–1668)
  • Saad bin Zeid (1668–1670)
  • Homud bin Abdullah bin Al-Hasan (1670–1670)
  • Saad bin Zeid (1670–1671)
  • Barakat bin Muhammed (1672–1682)
  • Said bin Barakat (1682–1683)
  • Ibrahim bin Muhammed (1683–1684)
  • Ahmed bin Zeid (1684–1688)
  • Ahmed bin Ghalib (1688–1689)
  • Muhsin bin Ahmed (1689–1691)
  • Said bin Saad (1691–1693)
  • Saad bin Zeid (1693–1694)
  • Abdullah bin Hashim (1694–1694)
  • Saad bin Zeid (1694–1702)
  • Said bin Saad (1702–1704)
  • Abdulmuhsin bin Ahmad (1704–1704)
  • Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1704–1705)
  • Said bin Saad (1705–1705)
  • Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1705–1711)
  • Said bin Saad (1711–1717)
  • Abdullah bin Said (1717–1718)
  • Ali bin Said (1718–1718)
  • Yahya bin Barakaat (1718–1719)
  • Mubarak bin Ahmad (1719–1722)
  • Barakaat bin Yahya (1722–1723)
  • Mubarak bin Ahmad (1723–1724)
  • Abdullah bin Said (1724–1731)
  • Muhammed bin Abdullah (1731–1732)
  • Masud bin Said (1732–1733)
  • Muhammed bin Abdullah (1733–1734)
  • Masud bin Said (1734–1759)
  • Jafar bin Said (1759–1760)
  • Musa'ed bin Said (1760–1770)
  • Ahmad bin Said (1770–1770)
  • Abdullah bin Hussein (1770–1773)
  • Surour bin Musa'ed (1773–1788)
  • Abdulmuin bin Musa'ed (1788–1788)(appointed by Saud ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud, the ruler of Dir'iyyah
    First Saudi State

    The First Saudi State was established in the year 1744 when Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab settled in Diriyah and Prince Muhammad ibn Saud agreed to support and espouse Wahhab's cause, with a view of cleansing the Islamic faith from what they considered to be distortions of Islamic practice ....
    )
  • Ghalib Efendi
    Ghalib Efendi

    Ghalib Afendi was the Sharif of Mecca from 1788 to 1808 and from 1811 to 1813....
     bin Musa'ed (1788–1803)
  • Yahya bin Surour (1803–1813) (jailed in Istanbul
    Istanbul

    Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....
     during the Ottoman-Saudi War)
  • Ghalib Efendi
    Ghalib Efendi

    Ghalib Afendi was the Sharif of Mecca from 1788 to 1808 and from 1811 to 1813....
     bin Musa'ed (1813–1827)
  • Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1827–1827)
  • Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1827–1851)
  • Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1851–1856)
  • Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1856–1858)
  • Abdullah Kamil Pasha (1858–1877)
  • Hussein bin Muhammed (1877–1880)
  • Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1880–1882)
  • Aun Al-Rafiq Pasha (1882–1905)
  • Ali Abdullah Pasha (1905–1908)
  • Hussein bin Ali Pasha
    Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

    Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, Order of the Bath was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition....
     (1908–1916) (later King Hussein)
  • Ali Haidar Pasha (1916–1917)


During Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1926)

  • King Hussein bin Ali
    Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

    Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, Order of the Bath was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition....
     (1916–1924) (previously Hussein Pasha)
  • King Ali bin Hussein
    Ali of Hejaz

    Ali bin Hussein, GBE was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925. He was the eldest son of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, the first modern King of Hejaz, and a scion of the Hashemite family....
     (1924–1925)