Sevoflurane

	Email		Print
	Bookmark		Link

Sevoflurane

Sevoflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[trifluoromethyl]ethyl fluoromethyl ether), also called fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether, is a sweet-smelling, non-flammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Together with desflurane

Desflurane

Isoflurane

Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. Together with enflurane and halothane, it replaced the flammable Diethyl ether used in the pioneer days of surgery....
and halothane

Halothane

Halothane vapour is an inhalational general anaesthetic. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. It is the only inhalational anaesthetic agent containing a bromine atom; there are several other halogenated anesthesia agents which lack the bromine atom and do contain the fluorine and chlorine atoms present in halothane....
in modern anesthesiology. It is often administered in a mixture of nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as "laughing gas", is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Nitrogen2Oxygen. At room temperature, it is a colorless Flammability gas, with a pleasant, slightly sweet odor and taste....
and oxygen.

Discussion

Ask a question about 'Sevoflurane'

Start a new discussion about 'Sevoflurane'

Answer questions from other users

Full Discussion Forum

Encyclopedia

Desflurane

Isoflurane

Halothane

Nitrous oxide

Desflurane

Desflurane is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Together with sevoflurane, it is gradually replacing isoflurane for human use, except in the third world where its high cost precludes its use....
it is the volatile anesthetic with the fastest onset and offset. Though desflurane has the lowest blood/gas coefficient of the currently used volatile anesthetics, sevoflurane is the preferred agent for mask induction due to its lesser irritation to mucous membranes.

Though it vaporizes readily, it is a liquid at room temperature and is administered via an anesthetic vaporizer attached to an anesthetic machine. First reports of sevoflurane appeared in the literature in 1971. The agent was developed by scientists at Baxter Laboratories. It was introduced into clinical practice initially in Japan in 1990. The rights for sevoflurane in the US and other countries are held by Abbott Laboratories

Abbott Laboratories

Abbott Laboratories is a diversified Pharmacology health care company. It has 68,000 employees and operates in 130 countries. The corporate headquarters are in Abbott Park, Illinois, located near North Chicago, Illinois....
.

Sevoflurane forms at least two degradation products, Compound A [fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether] and Compound B [1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-3-methoxypropane], on contact with the soda lime

Soda lime

Soda lime is a mixture of chemicals, used in granular form in closed breathing environments, such as general anaesthesia, submarines, rebreathers and recompression chambers, to remove carbon dioxide from breathing gases to prevent CO%E2%82%82_retention and carbon dioxide poisoning....
in a rebreathing apparatus

Rebreather

A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycled exhaled gas. This recycling reduces the volume of breathing gas used, making a rebreather lighter and more compact than an open-circuit breathing set for the same duration in environments where humans cannot safely breathe from the atmosphere....
, which absorbs exhaled carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
, especially at higher temperatures and when the soda lime is desiccated. Compound A has been shown to cause renal necrosis in rats. In humans, direct histological evidence of renal toxicity has not been demonstrated, although there is dose-related proteinuria

Proteinuria

Proteinuria means the presence of anexcess of Blood plasma proteins in the urine. The protein in the urine often causes the urine to become foamy, although foamy urine may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine , retrograde ejaculation, pneumaturia due to a fistula, or drugs such as pyridium....
, glycosuria

Glycosuria

Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reclaim all of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream....
and enzymuria. During low-flow anaesthesia, when the lower fresh gas flow leads to decreased flushing of the circuit and increased temperature of the soda lime, Compound A may build up to clinically significant levels. As a result, sevoflurane is sometimes administered with a minimum fresh gas flow of 2 liters per minute, making it a relatively expensive choice for maintaining general anesthesia.

Physical properties

Boiling point Boiling point The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.... :	58.6 °C	(at 101.325 kPa)
Density Density The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is .... :	1.517–1.522 g/cm³	(at 20 °C)
MAC Minimum alveolar concentration Minimum alveolar concentration or MAC is a concept used to compare the strengths of anaesthetic Volatile anaesthetic; in simple terms, it is defined as the concentration of the vapour in the lungs that is needed to prevent movement in 50% of subjects in response to surgical stimulus.... :	2 vol %
Molecular Weight:	200 u
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... :	157 mmHg (20.9 kPa)	(at 20 °C)
	197 mmHg (26.3 kPa)	(at 25 °C)
	317 mmHg (42.3 kPa)	(at 36 °C)
Blood:Gas Partition Coefficient:	0.68
Oil:Gas Partition Coefficient:	47

Sevoflurane

Physical properties

External links