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Severus Snape



 
 
Severus Snape is a fictional character
Fictional character

A character is any person, persona, identity, or entity that exists in a The arts. The process of conveying information about characters in fiction is called characterisation....
 in the Harry Potter
Harry Potter

Harry Potter is a Heptalogy fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The books chronicle the adventures of the eponymous adolescent wizard Harry Potter , together with Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, his friends from the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry....
book series written by J. K. Rowling
J. K. Rowling

Joanne "Jo" Rowling Order of the British Empire , who writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, is a United Kingdom author, best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990....
. In the first novel,
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the first novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling and featuring Harry Potter , a young Wizarding world....
, he is one of the primary antagonist
Antagonist

An antagonist is a character or group of characters, or, always an institution of a happening who represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend....
s. As the series progresses, Snape's character becomes more layered and complex, and Rowling does not fully reveal the details of his true loyalties until the end of the final book,
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Snape appears in all seven novels of the series.

Over the course of the series, Snape's portrayal evolves from that of a malicious and partisan teacher, to that of a pivotal character of considerable complexity and moral ambiguity.






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Severus Snape is a fictional character
Fictional character

A character is any person, persona, identity, or entity that exists in a The arts. The process of conveying information about characters in fiction is called characterisation....
 in the
Harry Potter
Harry Potter

Harry Potter is a Heptalogy fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The books chronicle the adventures of the eponymous adolescent wizard Harry Potter , together with Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, his friends from the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry....
book series written by J. K. Rowling
J. K. Rowling

Joanne "Jo" Rowling Order of the British Empire , who writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, is a United Kingdom author, best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990....
. In the first novel,
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the first novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling and featuring Harry Potter , a young Wizarding world....
, he is one of the primary antagonist
Antagonist

An antagonist is a character or group of characters, or, always an institution of a happening who represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend....
s. As the series progresses, Snape's character becomes more layered and complex, and Rowling does not fully reveal the details of his true loyalties until the end of the final book,
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Snape appears in all seven novels of the series.

Over the course of the series, Snape's portrayal evolves from that of a malicious and partisan teacher, to that of a pivotal character of considerable complexity and moral ambiguity. Snape teaches Potions
Hogwarts

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J. K. Rowling's best-selling Harry Potter series. In the series, it is a school of Magic for witches and wizards between the ages of eleven and eighteen living in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland....
, and later Defence Against the Dark Arts
Hogwarts

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J. K. Rowling's best-selling Harry Potter series. In the series, it is a school of Magic for witches and wizards between the ages of eleven and eighteen living in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland....
, at Hogwarts
Hogwarts

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J. K. Rowling's best-selling Harry Potter series. In the series, it is a school of Magic for witches and wizards between the ages of eleven and eighteen living in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland....
. Rowling has described him as "a gift of a character".

Character development

In an interview Rowling described Snape's character as an "anti hero". She said that she drew inspiration for Snape's character from a disliked teacher from her own childhood, and described Snape as a horrible teacher: "the worst, shabbiest thing you can do as a teacher is to bully students." However she does suggest in the books that he is generally an effective teacher. For Snape's surname, Rowling borrowed the name from the village of Snape
Snape, Suffolk

Snape is a small village in the England county of Suffolk, on the River Alde close to Aldeburgh. It has about 600 inhabitants. Snape is now best known for Snape Maltings, no longer in commercial use, but converted into a tourist centre together with a concert hall that hosts the major part of the annual Aldeburgh Festival....
 in the English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 county
County

A county is a land area of Local government government within a larger state. A county may have city and towns within its area....
 of Suffolk
Suffolk

Suffolk is a Non-metropolitan counties of England of Historic counties of England in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south....
. In a 1999 interview, and again in 2004, Rowling singled out Snape as one of her favourite characters to write.

Rowling was less forthcoming about Snape than she was for other characters, because his true loyalties and motivations were not to be revealed until the final book. However, she hinted numerous times at Snape's important role, suggesting that people should "keep an eye on Snape." Answering a question regarding Snape's love life and the redemptive pattern to his character in 1999, Rowling expressed her surprise at the foresight.

After the completion of the series Rowling began to speak openly about Snape and admitted that she was particularly pleased with the way Snape’s story played throughout the course of the series, contrasting his character arc
Character arc

A character arc is the status of the character as it unfolds throughout the Narrative, the storyline or series of episodes. Characters begin the story with a certain viewpoint and, through events in the story, that viewpoint changes....
 with that of Albus Dumbledore
Albus Dumbledore

Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore is a fictional character and a major protagonist within the Harry Potter novels written by United Kingdom author J....
. Saying, "the series is built around (Dumbledore and Snape)", Rowling maintained that she always knew what Snape would turn out to be at the end and that she carefully plotted his storyline throughout the series, " I had to drop clues all the way through because as you know in the seventh book when you have the revelation scene where everything shifts and you realize why Snape was… what Snape’s motivation was. I had to plot that through the books because at the point where you see what was really going on, it would have been an absolute cheat on the reader at that point just to show a bunch of stuff you’ve never seen before." Rowling further said in an interview that she wanted redemption and forgiveness for Snape, "Snape is a complicated man... he's a very– he was a flawed human being, like all of us. Harry forgives him– as we know, from the epilogue, Harry– Harry really sees the good in Snape ultimately... there's redemption."

Appearances

See also: Chronology of the Harry Potter series


First three books

Severus Snape first appears in
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the first novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling and featuring Harry Potter , a young Wizarding world....
, shortly after Harry Potter
Harry Potter (character)

Harry James Potter is the title character and the main protagonist of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter fantasy series. The books cover seven years in the life of the lonely orphan who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a Wizard ....
 arrives at Hogwarts. He is Hogwarts' Potions Master, though he is widely rumoured to covet the Defence Against the Dark Arts post. Snape himself confirms the rumour in
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. It is the longest book in the series, and was released on 21 June 2003....
. Snape is a sinister and malicious teacher, who makes frequent snide and disparaging remarks at Harry's expense. He quickly becomes one of the main antagonists of the book, as Harry suspects him of plotting to steal the Philosopher's Stone
Magical objects in Harry Potter

In the fictional Harry Potter series, many magical objects exist for the use of the List of Harry Potter characters. The following is a list of magical objects in Harry Potter, and can be found throughout the series by J....
, and of attempting to kill him. Only the climax of the book reveals that Professor Quirrell, in league with Lord Voldemort
Lord Voldemort

Lord Voldemort is a fictional character and the main Antagonist in the Harry Potter novel series written by United Kingdom author J. K. Rowling....
, is the real enemy while Snape, suspicious of Quirrell, was looking out for Harry throughout the book. In the final chapter, Dumbledore suggests that because Harry's father James had saved Snape's life when they were both students, even though the two detested each other, Snape felt responsible for Harry in return. As the final book reveals, this is not the full story. In any case, even after Quirrell's true role is revealed, Harry retains feelings of suspicion and resentment towards Snape, and their relationship remains tense. Snape's behaviour and attitude towards Harry also remain unchanged.

Snape has a minor role in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, is the second novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. It continues the story of Harry Potter during his second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry....
, where he helps Gilderoy Lockhart oversee Hogwarts' short-lived Duelling Club but has little interaction with the main plot. It is while attending the Duelling Club that Harry learns the Expelliarmus
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
 spell indirectly from Snape, a spell that plays a significant role in later books.

In
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is the third novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. The book was published on 8 July 1999....
, Snape demonstrates his expertise with potions by brewing the complex Wolfsbane potion for the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Remus Lupin. Throughout the third book, Snape suspects that Lupin may be assisting Sirius Black, who has been convicted (falsely, as it is later revealed) for murdering innocent bystanders and betraying the Potter family's hiding place to Voldemort, to enter Hogwarts Castle. This suspicion stems from Lupin's friendship with Sirius and Harry's father James while they were all at Hogwarts as students. Near the climax of the book, Snape attempts to apprehend Black, but Black escapes with Harry's aid. Snape informs Dumbledore of this and when Harry and Lupin are not punished, Snape retaliates by revealing to the entire school that Lupin is a werewolf, forcing the latter to resign his post.

Prisoner of Azkaban reveals more details about the connection between Snape and James Potter. While in school together, Sirius once tricked Snape into entering the Shrieking Shack while Lupin was there, transformed into a werewolf. James realised the danger and stopped Snape, saving his life; this is the incident Dumbledore referred to at the end of the first book. Snape, however, believes James's actions were self-serving, to avoid being expelled.

Fourth and fifth books

Snape's role in the fourth novel,
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is the fourth novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling, published on 8 July 2000. The book attracted additional attention because of a pre-publication warning from J....
is not substantially different from that of the previous two books. Although he is apoplectic when Harry is unexpectedly entered into the Triwizard Tournament, this only makes him even more vindictive than usual. Later Harry accidentally falls into Dumbledore's Pensieve
Magical objects in Harry Potter

In the fictional Harry Potter series, many magical objects exist for the use of the List of Harry Potter characters. The following is a list of magical objects in Harry Potter, and can be found throughout the series by J....
 and views memories of several Death Eater
Death Eater

In the fictional world of the Harry Potter series, the Death Eaters constitute a group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, the chief antagonist of the series, who seeks to purify the Wizarding community by eliminating the Blood purity #Muggle-born....
 trials from years before. At one point, Snape is named as a Death Eater by Igor Karkaroff, but Dumbledore comes to Snape's defence, claiming that although Snape had indeed been a Death Eater, he changed sides before Voldemort's downfall and turned spy against him. Later, Dumbledore assures Harry that Snape's reformation is genuine, though he refuses to tell Harry how he knows this, saying the information "is a matter between Professor Snape and myself".

At the end of the book, Dumbledore attempts to convince a disbelieving Minister for Magic
Ministry of Magic

In J. K. Rowling's fictional universe of Harry Potter, the Ministry of Magic is the Government for the Harry Potter universe. The government is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and makes its first actual appearance in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, with #Cornelius Fudge as the Minister for Mag...
, Cornelius Fudge, that Voldemort has returned. As proof, Snape willingly shows Fudge the restored Dark Mark on his arm, and is subsequently sent on a secret mission by Dumbledore. This mission, as implied in
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. It is the longest book in the series, and was released on 21 June 2003....
and revealed in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, released on 16 July 2005, is the sixth of seven novels in J. K. Rowling's popular Harry Potter series....
, was to rejoin the Death Eaters and spy on Voldemort as a triple agent, pretending to spy on Dumbledore on behalf of Voldemort.

In the fifth novel,
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Snape returns to a more prominent role. With Voldemort having returned to a fully corporeal body, Snape continues working as a triple agent for Dumbledore. He is seen prior to the start of school at Number 12, Grimmauld Place giving reports to the Order of the Phoenix. He has a very strained relationship with Sirius, who owns Grimmauld Place and must remain there in hiding. The two trade frequent snide remarks and at one point almost begin a duel. Snape taunts Sirius about the latter not being able to take an active role in the Order's missions due to his fugitive status. Harry later feels that this contributed to Sirius's willingness to take unsafe risks. Back at school, Snape's allegiance to the Order has no effect on his dislike for Harry.

Later in the book, Dumbledore has Snape teach Harry Occlumency, the protection of the mind from outside intrusion or influence. The sessions are made difficult by their mutual hostility and end prematurely when Harry uses Dumbledore's Pensieve to view, without Snape's permission, a childhood memory of Snape's: Snape being bullied by James and Sirius, and of him insulting Lily Evans, Harry's mother. Neither Harry nor the reader discovers until the final book that this confrontation marked the end of a close friendship between Snape and Lily.

Towards the end of the novel, Dolores Umbridge captures Harry and questions him on the whereabouts of Dumbledore. She sends for Snape to provide a truth serum to force Harry to reveal any information he may be hiding. Snape claims that his supplies of Veritaserum were exhausted earlier, when she desperately attempted to use the drug surreptitiously to force information from Harry. Snape withholds further assistance. It is later revealed that Snape had in fact supplied Umbridge with fake Veritaserum on the prior attempt. Snape then carries Harry's cryptic warning about Sirius's capture to the other Order members, allowing them to come to the rescue in the Department of Mysteries
Ministry of Magic

In J. K. Rowling's fictional universe of Harry Potter, the Ministry of Magic is the Government for the Harry Potter universe. The government is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and makes its first actual appearance in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, with #Cornelius Fudge as the Minister for Mag...
. Harry, however, still holds Snape partly responsible for Sirius's death, believing Snape's goading spurred Sirius into joining the battle.

Sixth book

In the opening chapters of
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, released on 16 July 2005, is the sixth of seven novels in J. K. Rowling's popular Harry Potter series....
, Bellatrix Lestrange and Narcissa Malfoy visit Snape at his home in Spinner's End. Narcissa's son Draco
Draco Malfoy

Draco Malfoy is a fictional character and an antagonist in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. He is a Slytherin student in Harry Potter 's year, and his house's most visible adolescent representative....
 has been given a difficult task by Voldemort, and Narcissa swears Snape to an Unbreakable Vow that he will protect Draco, help him complete Voldemort's task, and finish the task himself if Draco fails. When questioned by Bellatrix about his loyalties, Snape claims to have been working for Voldemort (rather than for Dumbledore) ever since Voldemort's return, and explains his actions in the previous books in that light. In addition, he points out that Dumbledore's protection has kept him out of Azkaban and free to operate on Voldemort's behalf.

At the Start-of-term feast at Hogwarts, Dumbledore announces he has finally appointed Snape as Professor of Defence Against the Dark Arts
Hogwarts

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J. K. Rowling's best-selling Harry Potter series. In the series, it is a school of Magic for witches and wizards between the ages of eleven and eighteen living in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland....
. Horace Slughorn, a retired Hogwarts teacher, replaces Snape as Potions Master. Slughorn lends Harry an old Potions textbook, in which Harry finds marginalia
Marginalia

Marginalia is the general term for notes, scribbles, and editorial comments made in the margin of a book. The term is also used to describe drawings and flourishes in medieval illuminated manuscripts....
 including a variety of hexes and jinxes seemingly invented by an unknown student, and substantial improvements to the book's standard potion-making instructions. The book is inscribed
This Book is the Property of the Half-Blood Prince. The notes greatly bolster Harry's performance in Potions and he impresses Slughorn. Snape, who maintains that he "never had the impression that [he] had been able to teach Potter anything at all", is suspicious of Harry's newfound Potions success.

Later, in a fight with Draco, Harry casts one of the Prince's spells (Sectumsempra
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
) marked "For Enemies" and is horrified when it causes devastating wounds to Draco's face and chest. Snape rushes to the scene and heals Draco's wounds, and then interrogates Harry about the source of the spell, using Legilimency to extract the source of Harry's knowledge (the Potions textbook) from Harry's mind. When Snape insists that Harry show him his Potions textbook, Harry hides the Prince's book and gives Ron Weasley
Ron Weasley

Ronald Bilius "Ron" Weasley is a fictional character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling. He is one of the central characters in the books....
's book to Snape instead. As punishment for Harry's attack on Malfoy and knowing Harry is lying about the textbook, Snape puts Harry in detention during the final Quidditch match of the year.

Returning to Hogwarts after a search for one of Voldemort's Horcruxes, Harry and Dumbledore alight on the school's astronomy tower. Gravely weakened by Voldemort's protective potion, Dumbledore asks Harry to fetch Snape. Before Harry can leave, Draco suddenly arrives intending to carry out Voldemort's ordered assassination of Dumbledore, but cannot bring himself to commit the murder. The arrival of Death Eaters and Snape interrupt them, and Snape kills the headmaster himself. An enraged Harry (who had been paralysed by Dumbledore and witnessed the killing while under his invisibility cloak) chases Snape, Draco, and the Death Eaters as they flee the castle. Snape easily blocks Harry's attempts to attack him with magic and even jeeringly points out Harry's mistakes, but refuses to strike back. During the confrontation, Snape reveals himself to be the "Half-Blood Prince" (being the son of Muggle Tobias Snape and pure-blood Eileen
Prince). Harry is unable to stop Snape before the latter passes through the school gates and Disapparates. The full story of the relationship between Dumbledore and Snape and the real reason for the killing are not revealed until the next and last book. Rowling mentioned in an interview that at this point in the series the relationship Harry-Snape has become "as personal, if not more so, than Harry-Voldemort."

Final book

When the Ministry of Magic
Ministry of Magic

In J. K. Rowling's fictional universe of Harry Potter, the Ministry of Magic is the Government for the Harry Potter universe. The government is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and makes its first actual appearance in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, with #Cornelius Fudge as the Minister for Mag...
 falls to the Death Eaters just before the start of the school year, Snape is named Headmaster of Hogwarts and Death Eaters Alecto and Amycus Carrow are appointed to the Hogwarts staff. The novel later reveals that Snape uses his position as Headmaster to protect the students and to contain the Carrows. In the course of the book, Harry and Ron are led to find the Sword of Godric Gryffindor
Magical objects in Harry Potter

In the fictional Harry Potter series, many magical objects exist for the use of the List of Harry Potter characters. The following is a list of magical objects in Harry Potter, and can be found throughout the series by J....
 by a Patronus taking the form of a doe
Doe

*A Doe is a female deer. Also, a goat or kalding.Doe may also refer to:*Solf?ge, a system of note learning.*D.O.E., an American rapper....
. Harry later learns that this was Snape's Patronus, taking the same shape as Harry's mother Lily's Patronus, and that Snape had been tasked by Dumbledore with ensuring that Harry gained possession of the sword.

Towards the end of the school year, Professors McGonagall, Flitwick, and Sprout force Snape to flee the school. Later Snape is summoned to the Shrieking Shack by Voldemort. Erroneously believing Snape is the master of the Elder Wand, Voldemort betrays Snape and has his pet snake Nagini
Horcrux

A Horcrux is a fictional Magical objects in Harry Potter in the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling. It is a Magic in Harry Potter#Dark Arts device created for the purposes of attaining immortality....
 bite him through the neck and mortally wound him, believing that Snape's death would make him the master of the Wand. Snape, dying from his wounds, releases a cloud of memories and tells Harry, who has watched the entire scene from a hidden spot, to take them. From these memories, Harry sees Snape's childhood and learns his true loyalties. Harry observes that Snape befriended Lily as a child when they lived near each other. Upon their arrival at Hogwarts, the Sorting Hat placed Snape and Lily into Slytherin and Gryffindor Houses, respectively. They remained friends for the next few years until they were driven apart by Snape's interest in the Dark Arts; the friendship finally ended following the bullying episode that Harry had briefly seen in the fifth book. Despite this separation and Snape's loathing of Lily's eventual husband James, who had bullied Snape at Hogwarts, Snape remained in love
Unrequited love

Unrequited love is Love#Psychological views that is not openly reciprocated, even though reciprocation is usually deeply desired. The beloved may or may not be aware of the admirer's deep affections....
 with Lily.

When Snape revealed the prophecy made by Sybill Trelawney (not knowing, at first, that it was referring to Lily and her family) to Voldemort, Voldemort decided to attack the Potters in an attempt to prevent its fulfilment. Though he asked Voldemort to spare Lily, Snape, still fearing for her safety, went to Dumbledore and begged him to protect the Potters. Dumbledore agreed and ensured that they were placed under the Fidelius Charm. In return, Snape became a double agent
Double agent

"Double agent" is a counterintelligence term for someone who pretends to spy on a target organization on behalf of a controlling organization, but in fact is loyal to the target organization....
 for the Order of the Phoenix against Voldemort, using his powers of Occlumency to hide his betrayal from Voldemort. Even with his efforts to protect her, Snape felt responsible for Lily's death when the Fidelius charm was broken. Despite Harry's strong resemblance to James Potter, the fact that he was Lily's son made Snape protect him throughout the series. Snape demanded of Dumbledore, however, that his love for Lily, his reason for switching sides, be kept a secret. Dumbledore agreed and kept the secret throughout the series.

Snape's memories then reveal that Dumbledore had been afflicted by a powerful curse cast on the Gaunt ring
Horcrux

A Horcrux is a fictional Magical objects in Harry Potter in the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling. It is a Magic in Harry Potter#Dark Arts device created for the purposes of attaining immortality....
, one of Voldemort's Horcruxes, prior to the start of Harry's sixth year at Hogwarts. Although Snape's knowledge of the Dark Arts enabled him to slow the spread of the curse, the curse would have ultimately killed Dumbledore within a year. Dumbledore, aware that Voldemort had ordered Draco to kill him, asked Snape to kill him instead as a way of sparing the boy's soul and of preventing his otherwise slow, painful death. Although Snape was reluctant, even asking about the impact of such an action on his own soul, Dumbledore implied that this kind of mercy-killing or killing "by request" would not damage a human's soul in the same way murder would. Snape agreed to do as the Headmaster requested. Snape's memories also provide Harry with the information he needs to ensure Voldemort's final defeat, in the form of conversations Snape had with Dumbledore.

Rowling noted in an online interview that because Snape abandoned his post before dying or officially retiring, a portrait of him does not immediately appear in the Headmaster's office following his death. She adds, however, that she would like to think Harry made Snape's true loyalty and heroism known in the Wizarding world, and that he lobbied to ensure that a portrait be installed in the office. In a separate interview, Rowling discussed Snape's backstory, saying she had planned it ever since she wrote the first book because the whole series is built around it and she considers him one of the most important characters of the seventh book.

Epilogue
In the epilogue
Epilogue

An epilogue, or epilog, is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature or drama, usually used to bring closure to the work. The writer or the person may deliver a speech, speaking directly to the reader, when bringing the piece to a close, or the narration may continue normally to a closing scene.The word epilogue means to hav...
 to
Deathly Hallows, set nineteen years after Harry defeated Voldemort, Harry's second-born son has received the name Albus Severus, after Dumbledore and Snape. As Albus is about to enter his first year at Hogwarts, he expresses concern that he will be sorted into Slytherin. Harry tells him that he was "named after two headmasters of Hogwarts. One of them [Snape] was a Slytherin and he was probably the bravest man I ever knew."

Portrayal within films

Severus Snape Protecting
As of 2007, Severus Snape has appeared in all five Harry Potter films, portrayed by British actor Alan Rickman
Alan Rickman

Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman is an Emmy-, Golden Globe-, BAFTA- and Screen Actors Guild Award-winning England film, television and Theatre actor....
. Rickman was Rowling's personal choice to portray the character. He had conversations with Rowling about his character and is one of the few Harry Potter actors that she spoke to prior to the completion of the book series about the future direction of the character. "He knew very early on that he'd been in love with Lily. He needed to understand […] where this bitterness towards this boy who's the living example of her preference for another man came from."

Rickman himself has mostly refrained from talking about Snape, asking the readers to wait and “see what unfolds” in the course of the novels; however, he did say Snape is a complicated person, very rigid and full of himself; in an interview he went further, saying: "Snape isn't one who enjoys jokes and I strongly fear that his sense of humour is extremely limited... But in his defence, I will add that he didn't have an easy adolescence, particularly during his studies at Hogwarts." He also said Snape is a fascinating character, and that he takes immense pleasure in playing someone so ambiguous.

Rickman's performance as Severus Snape is popular with viewers and is appreciated among critics. Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly is a magazine published by Time Inc. in the United States which covers movies, television, music, Broadway stage productions, books, and popular culture....
 listed Rickman as one of the most popular movie stars in 2007 for his performance as Severus Snape, saying: "As the icy, humorless magic instructor Severus Snape, Rickman may not be on screen long — but he owns every minute." Rickman also noted the fans' reaction, in an interview he said that he finds it splendid that people in general adore Snape.

In
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 in film fantasy film adventure film film, based on the Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J....
, the teenaged Snape (portrayed by Alec Hopkins) makes a brief appearance in a flashback to Snape’s youth.

Attributes


Outward appearance

Snape is described as hook-nosed, with sallow skin, black eyes, uneven yellow teeth, and greasy, shoulder-length black hair. His build is described as tall and thin, adorning black-robes; appearing "like an overgrown bat". The youthful Snape is described as having a "stringy, pallid look", being "round-shouldered yet angular", having a "twitchy" walk "that recalled a spider
Spider

Spiders are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods that have eight legs, and chelicerae modified into fangs that inject venom. In their bodies the usual arthropod segments are fused into two Tagma , the cephalothorax and abdomen, joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel....
" and "long oily hair that jumped about his face".

In the chapter illustrations by Mary GrandPré
Mary GrandPré

Mary GrandPr? is an United States illustrator, best known for her illustrations in the US editions of the Harry Potter books, published by Scholastic Corporation....
 in the American
American English

PhonologyIn many ways, compared to English language in England, North American English is conservative in its phonology. Some distinctive accents can be found on the East Coast of the United States , partly because these areas were in contact with England, and imitated prestigious varieties of English English at a time when those varieties we...
 edition of
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. It is the longest book in the series, and was released on 21 June 2003....
, Snape is depicted as balding with a goatee
Goatee

In the traditional taxonomy of facial hair, a goatee is a beard formed by a tuft of hair on the chin. The word probably comes from the tuft of hair seen on an adult goat....
, but in the next novel,
Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, released on 16 July 2005, is the sixth of seven novels in J. K. Rowling's popular Harry Potter series....
, he is depicted with long black hair.

Personality

Snape is generally depicted as having a dour and intense personality. He is cold, calculating, precise, sarcastic, bitter, and displays a strong dislike of Harry and often insults him by insulting his father, James Potter. As the series progresses, it is revealed that his treatment of Harry stems from Snape's bitter rivalry with James when they were in school together. In particular, James and Sirius bullied Snape, which according to Alan Rickman caused the already lonely boy to further "shut himself in". Rowling further described the young Snape as insecure and vulnerable: "Given his time over again [Snape] would not have become a Death Eater, but like many insecure, vulnerable people he craved membership of something big and powerful, something impressive.[...] [He] was so blinded by his attraction to the dark side he thought [Lily] would find him impressive if he became a real Death Eater."

The adult Snape, on the other hand, is shown very self-assured and confident of his abilities to a degree that Rickman described as ”full of himself.” Director David Yates
David Yates

David Yates is a British Academy Television Awards- and Emmy Award-winning English film and television director, best known for his work on the most recent Harry Potter films....
 said Snape is a character with gravitas, authority and power. Snape typically displays a very calm and collected demeanour and is in control, rarely at a loss for words or taken off guard. However his temper is sometimes short where Harry is concerned and positively flares dealing with his erstwhile tormentor Sirius and when accused of cowardice. His otherwise impassive and aloof attitude seems to stem from his belief that people who cannot control their emotions are weak.

Like some other prominent members of Slytherin house, Snape is shown a clever and cunning wizard. He is intelligent and has a keen analytical mind. Rowling in an interview adds that Snape is immensely brave, and when asked if she considers Snape a hero, replied: "Yes, I do; though a very flawed hero. An anti-hero
Anti-hero

In fiction, an antihero is a protagonist whose character or goals are antithetical to traditional hero. The term dates to 1714, although literary criticism identifies the trope in earlier literature....
, perhaps. He is not a particularly likeable man in many ways. He remains rather cruel, a bully, riddled with bitterness and insecurity — and yet he loved, and showed loyalty to that love and, ultimately, laid down his life because of it. That's pretty heroic!"

Magical abilities

All seven novels show Snape to be a very powerful wizard and to have been outstanding while a student. He specialises in potion making and has talent and passion for the Dark Arts. Sirius claimed that as a student at Hogwarts, Snape knew more hexes and curses as a first-year than most seventh-years. Particularly gifted in potion making, Snape added major improvements to his Potions textbook while still a student. Also as a student, Snape shows a rare gift for creating new spells, ranging from non-verbal Levicorpus
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
 and Liberacorpus
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
 to more dangerous Sectumsempra
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
. Remus Lupin describes Sectumsempra as Snape's “specialty" in
Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows. Snape is shown using this spell as a teenager and in the aerial battle in the last novel. Despite Sectumsempra
Spells in Harry Potter

Spells in Harry Potter occur in the wizarding world of the Harry Potter by author J. K. Rowling. Spell are used by many of the List of characters in the Harry Potter books to achieve useful effects without the benefit of modern technology....
's deadly power, Snape can also heal the wounds it causes. Snape is adept at reversing or containing fatal damage from other dark curses as well due to his vast knowledge of Dark Arts, as he does when Dumbledore and then Katie Bell are mortally cursed. Skilful in the arts of Legilimency and especially Occlumency, Snape is able to both access the minds of others, and protect his own thoughts — indeed, though Snape does not care for the term himself, Harry forms the uncomfortable impression early in the series that the Potions Master is able to "read minds." As an Occlumens, Snape is able to keep his betrayal from Voldemort, who is himself a very skilled Legilimens. Snape is the only Death Eater able to produce a full Patronus, which, like Lily's, is a doe. Snape is a talented duellist, able to hold off by himself (if only briefly) a group of three Hogwarts Professors that included former duelling champion Filius Flitwick. Professor McGonagall later implies that Snape learned to fly without the use of a broom, a rare skill previously displayed only by Voldemort.

Family

Snape's family background is mostly shown in flashbacks during the course of the last three novels. Snape was born to Eileen Prince, a witch, and Tobias Snape, a Muggle, making him a half-blood. Snape spent his early childhood living with his parents in a small house in Spinner's End. Snape's family was a poor one and he is described as wearing ill fitting clothes "that were so mis-matched that it looked deliberate". As a child, Snape was apparently neglected and his parents often fought each other. Snape was very eager to leave his home to go to Hogwarts. Towards the end of the last novel, Harry draws parallels between his childhood, Snape's, and Voldemort's.

Loyalties

Snape's true loyalty was one of the most significant questions in the series up until the end of the final instalment,
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Although the first five novels depict him as unfair, and vindictive, Snape invariably comes through, helps, and protects Harry. Several characters express doubts about his loyalty, but Dumbledore's trust in him is generally taken as the final word. The sixth novel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, released on 16 July 2005, is the sixth of seven novels in J. K. Rowling's popular Harry Potter series....
, departs from that model. In an early chapter, Snape claims to have been working for Voldemort ever since the latter's return, and only pretending to help Dumbledore. By killing Dumbledore towards the end of the novel Snape seems to place himself firmly in Voldemort's camp. Rowling maintains this impression through the early chapters of the seventh novel. However, near the climax of that book, Snape leaves Harry his dying thoughts (to be viewed in the Pensieve) and ultimately reveals to Harry that he had been loyal to Albus Dumbledore throughout the series. Snape's loyalty to Dumbledore stems from his fierce devotion to and love of his childhood friend, Lily Evans, Harry's mother.

After
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Snape's loyalty was a matter of intense debate among the fans. The issue was given special attention in the marketing campaigns of the last book Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. "Is Snape Good or Evil?" was one of the questions in Scholastic Inc. seven-question series, part of its marketing campaign of the book. As part of the Waldenbooks
Waldenbooks

Waldenbooks , operated by the Walden Book Company, Inc., is an American shopping mall-based bookstore chain. The Walden Book Company is a subsidiary of Borders Group....
 marketing campaign, two free stickers, one that said "Trust Snape" and another that stated "Snape Is A Very Bad Man" were available with the book. Borders Group
Borders Group

Borders Group is an international bookseller based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Michigan. Borders is the second-largest bookstore chain in the United States , selling a wide variety of books, Compact discs, DVDs, periodicals, as well as gifts and stationery....
 published a separate book on the topic,
“The Great Snape Debate,” containing essays and arguments from both sides of the debate.

Reception

The secretive attitude and gradual unfolding of Snape’s character was broadly admired, with Stephen Fry
Stephen Fry

Stephen John Fry is an England actor, comedian, author and television presenter. With Hugh Laurie, as the comedy double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in A Bit of Fry and Laurie, and the duo also played the title roles in Jeeves and Wooster....
, the UK audio books narrator, saying in 2003: "Characters like Snape are hard to love but there is a sort of ambiguity – you can’t quite decide - something sad about him – lonely and it’s fascinating when you think he’s going to be the evil one..., then slowly you get this idea he’s not so bad after all." David Yates
David Yates

David Yates is a British Academy Television Awards- and Emmy Award-winning English film and television director, best known for his work on the most recent Harry Potter films....
, who directed the fifth movie instalment of the series, also expressed his views on the character, saying: "A character like Snape, where you're not really sure if he's a good guy or a bad guy, that gives you a latent tension... I think the coolest thing you can do with an audience is deny them a little bit of information." Despite being less than kind, the character quickly gained popularity within fandom to a level that surprised Rowling herself. Joyce Millman suggests in her essay "To Sir With Love" in the book
Mapping the World of Harry Potter, that Snape is drawn from a tradition of Byronic hero
Byronic hero

The Byronic hero is an idealised but flawed fictional character exemplified in the life and writings of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, characterised by his ex-lover Lady Caroline Lamb as being "mad, bad and dangerous to know"....
es such as
Wuthering Heights Heathcliff
Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)

Heathcliff is a fictional character in the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront?. Owing to the novel's enduring fame and popularity, Heathcliff is often regarded as an archetype of the tortured Romanticism Byronic hero whose all-consuming passion are powerful enough to destroy both himself and those around him....
. Logospilgrim in his book Bring forth the best robes does a spiritual analysis of Snape and uses him as a template to extol the best of everyone.

Jenny Sawyer from The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor is an international newspaper published daily, Monday through Friday. It was started in 1908 by Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Church of Christ, Scientist....
 commented on the character's development in the series. She claims that Snape is the only protagonist
Protagonist

A protagonist is the main Character of a drama or Narrative. The word "protagonist" derives from the Greek language p??ta????st?? , "one who plays the first part, chief actor." In the theatre of Ancient Greece, three actors played all of the main dramatic roles in a tragedy; the leading role was played by the protagonist, while the othe...
 who genuinely had a choice to make and struggled to do the right thing, hence the only one to face a "compelling inner crisis". She believes the popularity of the character is due to the moral journey and inner conflict Snape undergoes within the series, as it is the hero's struggle and costly redemption that really matters: "[Snape's] character ached for resolution. And it is precisely this need for resolution – Our desire to know the real Snape and to understand his choices – that makes him the most compelling character in the Potter epic."

The final revelation of Snape's loyalty in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was viewed positively by fans and critics alike. Daniel Radcliffe
Daniel Radcliffe

Daniel Jacob Radcliffe is an England actor, best known for playing Harry Potter in the Harry Potter film series based on the popular Harry Potter....
, who portrays Harry Potter in the movie series, expressed his delight, saying he was pleased to see that his theory that Snape would end up being a sort of tragic hero
Tragic hero

A tragic hero is the main Character in a tragedy who makes an Hamartia in his or her actions that leads to his or her downfall. Tragic heroes appear in the dramatic works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Seneca, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, John Webster, John Marston, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Goethe, Friedrich Schiller,...
 came through. Elizabeth Hand
Elizabeth Hand

Elizabeth Hand is an United States writer.Hand grew up in Yonkers and Pound Ridge, New York. She studied drama and anthropology at The Catholic University of America....
 from The Washington Post
The Washington Post

The Washington Post is the newspaper with the largest circulation in Washington, D.C., United States and is the city's oldest paper, founded in 1877....
 wrote, "The much-maligned loner Snape does not come onstage until the latter part of "Deathly Hallows," but when he does the book becomes his: Snape's fate, more than Voldemort's, perhaps more even than Harry's, is the most heartbreaking, surprising and satisfying of all of Rowling's achievements."

In popular culture

The character of Severus Snape has appeared in various animated Parodies of Harry Potter
Parodies of Harry Potter

The immense popularity and wide recognition of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter fantasy series has led to it being extensively parodied, in works spanning nearly every medium....
. He is a starring character in Neil Cicierega
Neil Cicierega

Neil Stephen Cicierega , is an United States comedian, filmmaker and musician. He is the creator of a genre of Macromedia Flash animation known as "Animutation"....
's online Potter Puppet Pals parodies, and has a centric episode titled Bothering Snape. Also, the video The Mysterious Ticking Noise with the chorus "Snape, Snape, Severus Snape" is the seventeenth most viewed video of all time as of 2008 and the winner for "Best Comedy" of the year 2007 at YouTube
YouTube

YouTube is a Video hosting service website where users can upload, view and share video clips. Three former PayPal employees created YouTube in February 2005....
, with over 50 million views. Snape also appears in an episode of Emmy award-winning television series Robot Chicken
Robot Chicken

Robot Chicken is an Emmy Award-winning United States stop motion list of animated television series created and Executive producer by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich....
 titled Harry Potter vs. Pubertis, and was voiced by Seth Green
Seth Green

Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green is an American actor, comedian, voice actor, and television producer. He is best known for his role as Oz in Buffy the Vampire Slayer , as well as Doctor Evil's son Scott Evil in the Austin Powers series series of comedy films and List of recurring characters of That '70s Show in That '70s Show....
. Snape is also parodied as Professor Santory Snapekin in Sluggy Freelance
Sluggy Freelance

Sluggy Freelance is a popular, long-running daily webcomic written and drawn by Pete Abrams. The comic has over 100,000 daily readers and premiered on August 25, 1997....
's webcomic entitled Torg Potter. In the first parody, Torg defeats a plot by Professor Snapekin to achieve ultimate power.

In the sketch in Saturday Night Live
Saturday Night Live

Saturday Night Live is a weekly late-night 90-minute American sketch comedy/variety show filmed in New York City. It made its debut on October 11, 1975....
 in which Lindsay Lohan
Lindsay Lohan

Lindsay Dee Lohan is an United States actress, fashion model and pop music singer. Lohan started in show business as a Child modeling for magazine advertisement and television commercials....
 appears as Hermione Granger, Snape is portrayed by Will Forte
Will Forte

Orville Willis Forte is an United States actor, writer, and comedian....
. Snape has also been parodied in UK television. Comic Relief released a story called Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan, in which Snape is played by Jeremy Irons
Jeremy Irons

Jeremy John Irons is an England film, television and stage actor. He has won an Academy Award, a Tony Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards....
. Alan Rickman appeared himself as Snape in a Harry Potter parody named "Louis Potter and the Philosopher's Scone" in Alistair McGowan
Alistair McGowan

Alistair McGowan is an England Impressionist , comedian and actor. McGowan is best known for his work with Ronni Ancona on The Big Impression , which spawned his culturally popular impressions of David Beckham, Sven-G?ran Eriksson, Gary Lineker, Nicky Campbell, Richard Madeley, Tony Blair, Ross Geller and Dot Cotton ....
's Big Impression
Big Impression

The Big Impression was a United Kingdom comedy sketch show. It was formerly known as Alistair McGowan's Big Impression after impressionist Alistair McGowan, but renamed The Big Impression towards the end of its run to accommodate female impressionist Ronni Ancona, who did almost as many impressions as McGowan....
 show. In the Harry Bladder sketches in All That
All That

All That was an United States live-action, sketch comedy-variety show that aired on the Nickelodeon cable television television network featuring short comedic sketches and weekly musical guests....
, Snape appears as Professor Chafe (portrayed by Jeremy Rowley
Jeremy Rowley

Jeremy Rowley is an American character actor and comedian. He has appeared in a number of television shows and movies, often portraying as somewhat "ballistic" characters, especially on television shows....
), whose legs were badly chafed, causing him to be unnecessarily mean. Many sketches feature students brewing potions that did silly things, like enlarge students' behinds, give males large breasts, or change people into bras. In a sketch comedy
Sketch comedy

Sketch comedy consists of a series of short comedy scenes or vignettes, called "sketches," commonly between one and ten minutes long. Such sketches are performed by a group of comedic actors, either on stage or through an audio or/and visual medium such as broadcasting....
 named "Cooking With..." in Australian TV series The Wedge, Snape catches Harry and Hermione in love.

External links

  • from the Harry Potter Lexicon
    Harry Potter Lexicon

    The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the Harry Potter series....
  • from accio-quote.org
  • from http://www.half-bloodprince.org/