Severia

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Severia

Severia (Severshchina; , translit.

Romanization of Ukrainian

The romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin alphabet. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, a variation of Cyrillic alphabet....
Siveria or Sivershchyna, ) is a historical region in present-day northern Ukraine

Ukraine

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, centered around the city of Novhorod-Siverskyi

Novhorod-Siverskyi

Novhorod-Siversky is a historic city in the Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine. It is the Capital city of the Novhorod-Siversky Raion, and is situated on the bank of the Desna River, 330 km from the capital, Kiev, and 45 km south of the Russian border....
(formerly Novgorod-Seversky), located on the border of Russia and Ukraine.

region received its name after the Severians

Severians

The Severians or Severyans or Siverians were a tribe or tribal union of Early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper river around the rivers Desna , Seym River and Sula River on the territory of the archaeological Romny culture....
, an East Slavic

East Slavic

East Slavic can refer to:* East Slavic languages* East Slavs...
tribe which inhabited the territory in the late 1st millennium A.D.

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Encyclopedia

Severia (Severshchina; , translit.

Romanization of Ukrainian

Ukraine

Russia

Novhorod-Siverskyi

Severians

The region received its name after the Severians

Severians

East Slavic

East Slavic can refer to:* East Slavic languages* East Slavs...
tribe which inhabited the territory in the late 1st millennium A.D. Their main settlements included the present-day cities of Novhorod-Siverskyi, Chernihiv

Chernihiv

Chernihiv, , is a historic city in northern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast , as well as of the surrounding Chernihivskyi Raion within the oblast....
(Chernigov), Putyvl

Putyvl

Putyvl or Putivl is a picturesque town in north-east Ukraine, in Sumy Oblast. Currently about 20,000 people live in Putyvl....
(Putivl), Hlukhiv

Hlukhiv

Hlukhiv, , is a historic town in Sums'ka oblast' of Ukraine, just south from the Russian border . As of 2001, the city's population is 35,800. It is near the air base of Chervonoye Pustogorod....
(Glukhov), Liubech

Liubech

Liubech or Lyubech is a small ancient town connected with many important events since the times of Kievan Rus'. It is currently a small settlement located in Ripky Raion, Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine....
, Kursk

Kursk

Kursk is a city in the western part of Central Russia, at the confluence of the Kur River , Tuskar River, and Seym River rivers. It is the administrative center of Kursk Oblast....
, Rylsk

Rylsk

Rylsk is a town in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Seym River 124 km southwest of Kursk. Population: 17,603 ; 19,000 ....
, Sevsk

Sevsk

Sevsk is a types of settlements in Russia in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sev River , 142 km away from Bryansk. Population: 7,660 ....
, and Bryansk

Bryansk

Bryansk is a types of settlements in Russia in Russia, located 379 km southwest from Moscow. It is the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast....
.

According to the Primary Chronicle

Primary Chronicle

The Primary Chronicle , or Russian Primary Chronicle, is a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, originally compiled in Kiev about 1113....
, the Severians, having paid tribute to the Khazars

Khazars

The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic languages verb form meaning "wandering"....
, along with the neighboring Polans

Polans (eastern)

The Polans were a tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 9th century, which inhabited both sides of the Dnieper river from Liubech to Rodnia and also down the lower streams of the rivers Ros' River, Sula River, Stuhna, Teteriv River, Irpin' River, Desna and Pripyat River....
, were conquered by Oleg of Novgorod

Oleg of Novgorod

Oleg of Novgorod was a Varangian prince who ruled all or part of the Rus during the early tenth century. He is credited with moving the capital of Kievan Rus' from Novgorod the Great to Kiev and, in doing so, laid the foundation for the powerful state of Kievan Rus....
, who incorporated their lands into the new principality of Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus' , also written as Kyivan Rus', was a medieval state which existed from approximately 880 to the middle of the 12th century. Founded by the Scandinavian traders called "Rus' " and centered in the city of Kiev , Rus' polity is considered an early predecessor of three modern East Slavs nations: Belarusians, Russians, and Ukrai...
. By the time of Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054), the Severian peoples had lost most of their distinctness, and the areas of Severia along the upper course of the Desna River

Desna River

Desna is a river in Russia and Ukraine, left tributary of the Dnieper. The word means "right hand" in the Old East Slavic language. Its length is 1,130 km , and its drainage basin covers 88,900 km?....
came to be controlled from Chernihiv.

Principality

In 1096, Oleg of Chernigov (also referred to as Oleh) created a large Severian Principality, which stretched as far as the upper reaches of the Oka River

Oka River

Oka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol Oblast, Tula Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Vladimir Oblast and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga....
. Until the end of the century, the principality served as a buffer state

Buffer state

A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile Great Power, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them....
against Cuman

Cumans

Cumans were a nomadic Turkic peoples people who inhabited a shifting area north of the Black Sea known as Cumania along the Volga River. They eventually settled to the west of the Black Sea, influencing the politics of Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Moldavia, and Wallachia....
attacks. Its most celebrated ruler was Prince Igor

Igor Svyatoslavich

Igor Svyatoslavich was the prince of Novgorod-Seversky from 1180 to 1202. His skirmishes against the Polovtsians would most likely have passed into oblivion if they had not been immortalized in The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the opera Prince Igor....
(1150–1202), whose exploits are recounted in the 12th century epic The Tale of Igor's Campaign
The Tale of Igor's Campaign

The Tale of Igor's Campaign is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language and tentatively dated to the end of 12th century....
.

After the Mongol invasion of Rus’, the principality fell into ruin, however it remained intact throughout repeated Tatar invasions

Tatar invasions

The Mongol invasion of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries, from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.The terms Tatars or Tartars are applied to nomadic Turkic peoples who, themselves, were conquered by Mongols and incorporated to their horde....
. Unfortunately, not much is known about this period as Severia was rarely mentioned in written accounts of the 13th and 14th centuries. By the 15th century, it was taken over by the Great Duchy of Lithuania, whose Gediminid

Gediminids

The Gediminas were a dynasty of monarchs of the medieval Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century. They were rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which realm chiefly meant that of Lithuanians and Ruthenians, this area being at least half-Slavic....
princes (Ruthenian

Ruthenian language

Ruthenian is a term used for the Variety of East Slavic language spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
-speaking and Orthodox by religion) established their seats in the cities of Novhorod-Siverskyi, Starodub

Starodub

Starodub is a types of settlements in Russia in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Babinets River , 169 km southwest of Bryansk....
, and Trubchevsk

Trubchevsk

Trubchevsk is a types of settlements in Russia in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The town is situated about 80 km Ordinal directions of the city of Bryansk itself....
. After the Lithuanian defeat at the Battle of Vedrosha

Battle of Vedrosha

Battle of Vedrosha was one of the greatest battles in the medieval history of Russia. It was fought as part of the Russo-Lithuanian Wars on July 14, 1500, some 50 km to the west of Kaluga, between joint forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland under command of Prince Konstanty Ostrogski and the Russian army under Prince D...
, the Severian Principality passed to Moscow. It remained as part of Imperial Russia for centuries, except for the short period between 1618 and 1648, when it was incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
following the Truce of Deulino

Truce of Deulino

Truce of Deulino , was signed in 11 December 1618 and put in effect on 4 January 1619. It concluded the Dymitriad wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Tsardom....
(1618).

In the 18th century, the hetmans of Ukraine

Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks

Hetman was the title used by commanders of the Ruthenian Dnieper Cossacks from the end of the sixteenth century. The title hetman was adopted from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
established residences in the towns of Baturin (ukr.Baturyn), Glukhov (ukr.Hlukhiv), and Pochep

Pochep

Pochep is a types of settlements in Russia in Bryansk Oblast of Russia, 84 km south-west of Bryansk. Population: 17,064 .History ...
. Glukhov, in particular, developed into a veritable capital of 18th-century Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
.

Following the Bolshevik Revolution, the Severian lands, full of Southern Russian (Ukrainian) architecture, and populated by a mixture of Ukrainians

Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
and Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
, were divided between the Ukrainian

Ukrainian SSR

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the founders of the USSR and a republic that made up the former Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 to its abolishment in 1991....
and Russian

Russian SFSR

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , also called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Russian SFSR and the RSFSR for short, was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union and became the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union....
Soviet republics, finally breaking up the land of the former Severians.

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