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Senecio flaccidus

 

 
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Senecio flaccidus
 
 
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Senecio flaccidus, formerly recorded as Senecio douglasii (in honor of the botanist David Douglas
David Douglas

David Douglas was a Scottish botanist. The son of a stonemason, he was born in the village of Scone, Perthshire north-east of Perth, Scotland....
) member of the daisy
Asteraceae

The family Asteraceae or Compositae is the largest family of flowering plants, in terms of number of species.The name 'Asteraceae' is derived from the type genus Aster , while 'Compositae', an older but still valid name, means composite and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in o...
 family
Family

Family denotes a group of people affiliated by a common ancestry, affinity or co-residence. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," some cultural anthropology have argued that one must understand the idea of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts r...
 and genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 Senecio
Senecio

Senecio is a genus of the daisy family that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters....
  also known as Threadleaf Groundsel (and Bush Senecio, Creek Senecio, Shrubby Butterweed, Comb Butterweed, Smooth Threadleaf Ragwort, Mono Ragwort, Douglas Ragwort, Douglas Groundsel, Sand Wash Groundsel, Felty Groundsel, Old Man, Yerba Cana, Squawweed or Cenicillo) is a native of the southwestern Great Plains
Great Plains

The Great Plains are the broad expanse of prairie and steppe which lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada....
 of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.






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Senecio flaccidus, formerly recorded as Senecio douglasii (in honor of the botanist David Douglas
David Douglas

David Douglas was a Scottish botanist. The son of a stonemason, he was born in the village of Scone, Perthshire north-east of Perth, Scotland....
) member of the daisy
Asteraceae

The family Asteraceae or Compositae is the largest family of flowering plants, in terms of number of species.The name 'Asteraceae' is derived from the type genus Aster , while 'Compositae', an older but still valid name, means composite and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in o...
 family
Family

Family denotes a group of people affiliated by a common ancestry, affinity or co-residence. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," some cultural anthropology have argued that one must understand the idea of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts r...
 and genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 Senecio
Senecio

Senecio is a genus of the daisy family that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters....
  also known as Threadleaf Groundsel (and Bush Senecio, Creek Senecio, Shrubby Butterweed, Comb Butterweed, Smooth Threadleaf Ragwort, Mono Ragwort, Douglas Ragwort, Douglas Groundsel, Sand Wash Groundsel, Felty Groundsel, Old Man, Yerba Cana, Squawweed or Cenicillo) is a native of the southwestern Great Plains
Great Plains

The Great Plains are the broad expanse of prairie and steppe which lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada....
 of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

Description

Threadleaf ragwort is a fast growing, short lived (3 to 6 years) bushy perennial shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
 growing to ; common in gravelly washes, dry creek beds, along roads & trails and mostly away from the coast.

Leaves and Stems: Branched and bushy, Senecio flaccidus gets its common name from its white, threadlike, bent and matted, tomentose
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
 leaves; alternate and deeply pinnated
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
, divided into five to nine narrow linear segments, glaborous
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
, having no hairs or projections, gray-green above, to long. The principal leaves often have auxiliary clusters of smaller leaves. The stems are grooved and the branches are thin, herbaceous above and woody near the base.

Flowers: Showy flowering heads
Head (botany)

The capitulum is considered the most derived form of inflorescence. Flower heads found outside Asteraceae shows lesser degrees of specialization....
 of yellow
Yellow

Yellow is the color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M cone cells of the retina about equally, but does not significantly stimulate the S cone cells; that is, light with much red and green but not very much blue....
 ray flowers, - across; eight to thirteen sterile rays, purplish brown disk florets
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
 that produce the seeds.

Seeds: Dicotyledon
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
 fruits; each a 1/8 inch (3 mm) long achene
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
 ribbed and hoary
Terminology for Asteraceae

accrescent *Growing larger after flowering....
, covered with short white hairs.

Toxicity

Colonizing disturbed areas including over-grazed lands, Senecio flaccidus helps to achieve a quick ground cover and helps to stabilize the soil for longer-lived perennials but in this situation makes poor foraging for cattle and horses due to the alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine, of which there are over 300 known examples....
 contained in the plant which cause liver disease when consumed in large quantities.

Also known as Senecio longilobus, one of the alkaloids found in this species is longilobine, as well as senecionine
Senecionine N-oxygenase

In enzymology, a senecionine N-oxygenase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionThe 4 substrate of this enzyme are senecionine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, hydrogen ion, and oxygen, whereas its 3 product are senecionine N-oxide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and water....
, seneciphylline, florosenine, otonecine-based florosenine, and retrorsine.


Distribution

Like many Senecio Senecio flaccidus likes disturbed habitats, this one preferring overgrazed rangelands, dried up stream beds and desert grasslands; at altitudes above and below .

Native
America
North-Central: Kansas
Kansas

The State of Kansas is a Midwestern U.S. state in the Central United States of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the United States "Heartland"....
, Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
 Northwestern: Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
 South-Central: New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
, Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 Southwestern: Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
, Utah
Utah

The State of Utah is a western United States U.S. state of the United States. It was the List of U.S. states by date of statehood admitted to the United States on January 4, 1896....
 Northern Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
, Durango
Durango

Durango is one of the constituent states of Mexico. Its population is 1,509,118. It has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur....
, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí

The Mexico state of San Luis Potos? has an area of .It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, It borders Coahuila to the north, Nuevo Leon to the north-east, Tamaulipas to the east, Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo, Queretaro, and Guanajuato to the south,and Zacatecas to the north-west....
, Sonora
Sonora

Sonora is one of the 31 States of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country....
, Zacatecas
Zacatecas

Zacatecas States of Mexico of Mexico is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango, to the north by Coahuila, to the east by San Luis Potos?, to the south by Aguascalientes and Guanajuato and to the southwest by Jalisco and Nayarit....
 Central Mexico: Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes

Aguascalientes is a States of Mexico of Mexico, situated in the center of the country. The name means "hot waters" in Spanish language and originated from the abundance of hot springs in the area, thus the corresponding adjective for the state and its inhabitants is the whimsical demonym hidroc?lido ....
, Guanajuato
Guanajuato

Guanajuato is a state in the central highlands of Mexico. It is named after its capital city, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, which comes from the local indigenous P'urh?pecha language, meaning "Hill of Frogs"....
, Hidalgo, Jalisco
Jalisco

Jalisco is a Mexican state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco. In the 2005 census, Jalisco had a population of 6,752,113 people....
 (n.e.), Veracruz
Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states of Mexico that constitute the republic of Mexico....


Current
America
North-Central: Kansas
Kansas

The State of Kansas is a Midwestern U.S. state in the Central United States of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the United States "Heartland"....
, Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
, Wyoming
Wyoming

The State of Wyoming is a sparsely populated U.S. state in the Northwestern United States of the United States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the easternmost section of the state is a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains ....
 Northwestern: Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
 South-Central: New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
, Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 Southwestern: Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
, Nevada
Nevada

Nevada is a U.S. state located in the Western United States of the United States of America. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas, Nevada....
, Utah
Utah

The State of Utah is a western United States U.S. state of the United States. It was the List of U.S. states by date of statehood admitted to the United States on January 4, 1896....
 Northern Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
, Durango
Durango

Durango is one of the constituent states of Mexico. Its population is 1,509,118. It has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur....
, San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí

The Mexico state of San Luis Potos? has an area of .It is in the north-central part of the Mexican republic, It borders Coahuila to the north, Nuevo Leon to the north-east, Tamaulipas to the east, Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo, Queretaro, and Guanajuato to the south,and Zacatecas to the north-west....
, Sonora
Sonora

Sonora is one of the 31 States of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country....
, Zacatecas
Zacatecas

Zacatecas States of Mexico of Mexico is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango, to the north by Coahuila, to the east by San Luis Potos?, to the south by Aguascalientes and Guanajuato and to the southwest by Jalisco and Nayarit....
 Central Mexico: Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes

Aguascalientes is a States of Mexico of Mexico, situated in the center of the country. The name means "hot waters" in Spanish language and originated from the abundance of hot springs in the area, thus the corresponding adjective for the state and its inhabitants is the whimsical demonym hidroc?lido ....
, Baja Norte
Baja California Peninsula

The Baja California peninsula, in English the Lower California peninsula is a peninsula in western Mexico. It extends some 1250 km from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south, separating the Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California ....
, Guanajuato
Guanajuato

Guanajuato is a state in the central highlands of Mexico. It is named after its capital city, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, which comes from the local indigenous P'urh?pecha language, meaning "Hill of Frogs"....
, Hidalgo, Jalisco
Jalisco

Jalisco is a Mexican state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco. In the 2005 census, Jalisco had a population of 6,752,113 people....
 (n.e.), Veracruz
Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states of Mexico that constitute the republic of Mexico....


Subspecies which are synonyms

  • Senecio flaccidus Less. var. flaccidus
  • Senecio douglasii DC. var. longilobus (Benth.) L.D. Benson
  • Senecio douglasii DC. var. jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Ediger ex Correll & M.C. Johnst.
  • Senecio douglasii DC. ssp. longilobus (Benth.) W.A. Weber
  • Senecio flaccidus Less. var. monoensis (Greene) B. L. Turner & T. M. Barkley
  • Senecio flaccidus Less. var. douglasii (DC.) B. L. Turner & T. M. Barkley
  • Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus


See also

  • Pyrrolizidine
    Pyrrolizidine

    Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine, of which there are over 300 known examples....


External links