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Seljuk (Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ????????, Turkish
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
: Selēuk; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) was the eponymous hero of the Seljuks. He was the son of a certain Duqaq surnamed Timuryaligh -of the iron bow- and either the chief or an eminent member from the Kinik tribe of the Oghuz Turks
Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz were a group of loosely linked nomadic Turkic peoples. In the ninth century the Oghuz Turks from the Aral steppes drove the Pechenegs of the Emba region and the Ural River toward the west....
. In about 985 the Seljuk clan split off from the bulk of the Tokuz-Oghuz
Tokuz-Oguzes

Tokuz-Oguzes is a political alliance of nine Oghuz Turks tribes . Tokuz-Oguzes consolidated within the G?kt?rks , and after its fragmentation preserved their union....
, a confederacy of nine clans long settled between the Aral
Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is a landlocked endorheic basin in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south....
 and Caspian
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
 Seas, and set up camp on the right bank of the lower Syr Darya
Syr Darya

Syr Darya is a river in Central Asia, sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes from its Ancient Greek name . The Greek name is derived from Old Persian, Yakhsha Arta , a reference to the color of the river's water....
(Jaxartes), in the direction of Jend
Jend

Jend , is described by the geographers of the eleventh and twelfth centuries as one of the great Muslim cities of Turkestan, and the Aral Sea is often called in this age the Sea of Jend....
, near Kzyl Orda in present day south-central Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
 where they were converted to Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
.

The biblical names of his four sons -Mīkāīl, Isrāīl (Arslan), Mūsā, and Yūnus (Jonah)- suggest previous acquaintance with either Khazar Judaism
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 or Nestorian Christianity.






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Seljuk (Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ????????, Turkish
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
: Selēuk; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) was the eponymous hero of the Seljuks. He was the son of a certain Duqaq surnamed Timuryaligh -of the iron bow- and either the chief or an eminent member from the Kinik tribe of the Oghuz Turks
Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz were a group of loosely linked nomadic Turkic peoples. In the ninth century the Oghuz Turks from the Aral steppes drove the Pechenegs of the Emba region and the Ural River toward the west....
. In about 985 the Seljuk clan split off from the bulk of the Tokuz-Oghuz
Tokuz-Oguzes

Tokuz-Oguzes is a political alliance of nine Oghuz Turks tribes . Tokuz-Oguzes consolidated within the G?kt?rks , and after its fragmentation preserved their union....
, a confederacy of nine clans long settled between the Aral
Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is a landlocked endorheic basin in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south....
 and Caspian
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
 Seas, and set up camp on the right bank of the lower Syr Darya
Syr Darya

Syr Darya is a river in Central Asia, sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes from its Ancient Greek name . The Greek name is derived from Old Persian, Yakhsha Arta , a reference to the color of the river's water....
(Jaxartes), in the direction of Jend
Jend

Jend , is described by the geographers of the eleventh and twelfth centuries as one of the great Muslim cities of Turkestan, and the Aral Sea is often called in this age the Sea of Jend....
, near Kzyl Orda in present day south-central Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
 where they were converted to Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
.

The biblical names of his four sons -Mīkāīl, Isrāīl (Arslan), Mūsā, and Yūnus (Jonah)- suggest previous acquaintance with either Khazar Judaism
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 or Nestorian Christianity. Seljuk died approximately in 1038 and was sacrified in a tomb.

Under Mikail's sons Toghrul and Chaghri the Seljuks migrated into Khurasan. Ghaznavid attempts to stop Seljuks raiding the local Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 populace led to the Battle of Dandanaqan
Battle of Dandanaqan

The Battle of Dandanaqan was fought between the army of the Seljuqs and the Ghaznavid Empire. The battle ended with a Seljuq victory and brought down the Ghaznavid domination in the Khorasan....
 on 23 May 1040. Victorious Seljuks became masters of Khurasan, expanding their power into Transoxiana
Transoxiana

Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan....
 and across Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
. By 1055 Toghrul had expanded his control all the way to Baghdad
Baghdad

Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
, setting himself up as the champion of the Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
, who honored him with the title sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
. Earlier rulers may have used this title but the Seljuks seem to have been the first to inscribe it on their coins.

See also

  • Great Seljuk Empire
  • Seljuk Sultanate of Rum