Self-archiving
Encyclopedia
To self-archive
Self-archiving
To self-archive is to deposit a free copy of a digital document on the World Wide Web in order to provide open access to it. The term usually refers to the self-archiving of peer-reviewed research journal and conference articles as well as theses, deposited in the author's own institutional...

 is to deposit a free copy of a digital document on the World Wide Web
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet...

 in order to provide open access to it. The term usually refers to the self-archiving of peer-reviewed
Peer review
Peer review is a process of self-regulation by a profession or a process of evaluation involving qualified individuals within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards, improve performance and provide credibility...

 research journal and conference articles as well as theses, deposited in the author's own institutional repository
Institutional repository
An Institutional repository is an online locus for collecting, preserving, and disseminating - in digital form - the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a research institution....

 or open archive
Open archive
An open archive is an institutional repository or some other web-accessible digital database that is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting ....

 for the purpose of maximizing its accessibility, usage and citation impact
Citation impact
Citation is the process of acknowledging or citing the author, year, title, and locus of publication of a source used in a published work. Such citations can be counted as measures of the usage and impact of the cited work. This is called citation analysis or bibliometrics...

.

Self-archiving is one of two general methods for providing open access. It is sometimes called the "green" road to open access, while the other method - publishing in an open access journal
Open access journal
Open access journals are scholarly journals that are available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself." Some are subsidized, and some require payment on behalf of the author.Subsidized journals...

 - is also referred to as the "golden" road.

Self-archiving was first explicitly proposed as a universal practice by Stevan Harnad
Stevan Harnad
Stevan Harnad is a cognitive scientist.- Career :Harnad was born in Budapest, Hungary. He did his undergraduate work at McGill University and his graduate work at Princeton University's Department of Psychology...

 in his 1994 online posting "Subversive Proposal
Subversive Proposal
The "Subversive Proposal" was an Internet by Stevan Harnad on calling on all authors of "esoteric" writings—written only for research impact, not for royalty income—to archive them free for all online...

"
(later published in Association of Research Libraries) although computer scientists had been doing self-archiving spontaneously in anonymous FTP
File Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server...

 archives since at least the 1980s (see CiteSeer
CiteSeer
CiteSeer was a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers. It is often considered to be the first automated citation indexing system and was considered a predecessor of academic search tools such as Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search. It was replaced by...

) and physicists had been doing it since the early 1990s on the web (see arXiv
ArXiv
The arXiv |Chi]], χ) is an archive for electronic preprints of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and quantitative finance which can be accessed online. In many fields of mathematics and physics, almost all...

).

About 64% of the 999 publishers (and over 90% of the journals) currently registered in the SHERPA RoMEO publisher policy index endorse self-archiving by authors of the preprint
Preprint
A preprint is a draft of a scientific paper that has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.-Role:Publication of manuscripts in a peer-reviewed journal often takes weeks, months or even years from the time of initial submission, because manuscripts must undergo extensive...

 and/or postprint versions of their papers. Whereas the right to self-archive postprints is a copyright matter, the right to self-archive preprints is merely a question of journal policy.

See also

  • Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
    Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
    The Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities is a major international statement on open access / access to knowledge. It emerged in 2003 from a conference on open access hosted in Berlin by the Max Planck Society. Organizations that commit to implementing this...

  • Budapest Open Access Initiative
    Budapest Open Access Initiative
    The Budapest Open Access Initiative was a conference convened by the Open Society Institute on December 1-2, 2001. This small gathering of individuals is recognised as one of the major historical, and defining, events of the open access movement....

  • Open access mandate
    Open access mandate
    An Open Access Self Archiving Mandate is a policy—adopted by a research institution , a research funder or a government—that requires researchers to make their published, peer-reviewed journal and conference papers open access by depositing their final,...

  • Open access
    Open access
    Open access refers to unrestricted access via the Internet to articles published in scholarly journals, and also increasingly to book chapters or monographs....

  • Registry of Open Access Repositories
    Registry of Open Access Repositories
    ROAR is a searchable international Registry of Open Access Repositories indexing the creation, location and growth of open access institutional repositories and their contents. ROAR was created by EPrints at University of Southampton in 2003...

     (ROAR)
  • ROARMAP
    ROARMAP
    The Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies is a searchable international registry charting the growth of Open access mandates adopted by universities, research institutions and research funders that require their researchers to provide open access to their peer-reviewed...

     - Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies
  • Subversive Proposal
    Subversive Proposal
    The "Subversive Proposal" was an Internet by Stevan Harnad on calling on all authors of "esoteric" writings—written only for research impact, not for royalty income—to archive them free for all online...


External links

  • A Subversive Proposal by S. Harnad, (1995), in Okerson, A. and O'Donnell, J., Eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing Association of Research Libraries
  • Self Archiving FAQ: Answers to most of the questions you might have about self-archiving. There is also a Glossary of Terms in case you find yourself wading in jargon.
  • Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving
  • Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policy (ROARMAP)
  • Open Access News by Peter Suber
    Peter Suber
    Peter Suber is the creator of the game Nomic and a leading voice in the open access movement. He is a senior research professor of philosophy at Earlham College, the open access project director at Public Knowledge, a senior researcher at SPARC , and a Fellow at Harvard's and...

  • science-advisor.net
  • Openarchives.eu - The European Guide to OAI-PMH Digital Repositories in the World
  • Information about Self-Archiving
  • Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving database
  • Berners-Lee, T., De Roure, D., Harnad, S. and Shadbolt, N. (2005) Journal publishing and author self-archiving: Peaceful Co-Existence and Fruitful Collaboration. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11160/
  • Brody, T. and Harnad, S. (2004) Using Web Statistics as a Predictor of Citation Impact http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/timcorr.doc
  • Hajjem, C., Harnad, S. and Gingras, Y. (2005) Ten-Year Cross-Disciplinary Comparison of the Growth of Open Access and How it Increases Research Citation Impact. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 28(4) pp. 39-47. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11688/
  • Harnad, Stevan (1990). "Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry." Psychological Science 1, no. 6: 342-344. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001581/index.html
  • Harnad, Stevan (1991). "Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: The Fourth Revolution in the Means of Production of Knowledge." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2, no. 1: 39-53. http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/harnad.2n1
  • Harnad, Stevan (1992). "Interactive Publication: Extending the American Physical Society's Discipline-Specific Model for Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 18, no. 1/2: 58-61. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad92.interactivpub.html
  • Harnad, Stevan (1995). "The Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: How to Get There from Here." The Information Society 11, no. 4: 285-291. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001689/00/thes.html
  • --- 1996. "Implementing Peer Review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals." In Scholarly Publishing: The Electronic Frontier, edited by Robin P. Peek and Gregory B. Newby, 103-118. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. http://cogprints.org/1692/1/harnad96.peer.review.html
  • --- (1997). "How to Fast-Forward Learned Serials to the Inevitable and the Optimal for Scholars and Scientists." The Serials Librarian 30, no. 3/4: 73-81. http://cogprints.org/1695/1/harnad97.learned.serials.html
  • --- (1997). "Learned Inquiry and the Net: The Role of Peer Review, Peer Commentary and Copyright." Antiquity, no. 274: 1042-1048. http://intarch.ac.uk/antiquity/electronics/harnad.html
  • --- (1997). "The Paper House of Cards (and Why It's Taking So Long to Collapse)." Ariadne, no. 8. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue8/harnad/
  • --- (1998). "The Invisible Hand of Peer Review." Nature Web Matters, 5 November 1998. http://www.nature.com/nature/webmatters/invisible/invisible.html
  • --- (1999). "Free at Last: The Future of Peer-Reviewed Journals." D-Lib Magazine 5, no. 12 http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december99/12harnad.html
  • --- (2000). "Freeing the Refereed Journal Corpus Online." Computer Law & Security Report 16, no. 2: 78-87. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001701/index.html
  • --- (2001). "Minotaur: Six Proposals for Freeing the Refereed Literature Online: A Comparison." Ariadne, no. 28. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/minotaur/
  • --- (2001/3). For Whom the Gate Tolls? Open Access to Peer-Reviewed Research Through Author/Institution Self-Archiving: Maximizing Research Impact by Maximizing Online Access. In: Law, Derek & Judith Andrews, Eds. Digital Libraries: Policy Planning and Practice. Ashgate Publishing 2003. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/39/index.html
  • --- (2003). "Open Access to Peer-Reviewed Research through Author/Institution Self-Archiving: Maximizing Research Impact by Maximizing Online Access." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 49, no. 4: 337-342. http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;volume=49;issue=4;spage=337;epage=342;aulast=Harnad
  • --- (2003). "Maximizing University Research Impact through Self-Archiving." JCOM: Journal of Science Communication 2, no. 4. http://jcom.sissa.it/article/art020401.html
  • --- (2003). "The Research-Impact Cycle." Information Services & Use 23, no. 2-3: 139-142.
  • --- (2003). "Self-Archive Unto Others as Ye Would Have Them Self-Archive Unto You." JCOM: Journal of Science Communication 2, no. 3. http://jcom.sissa.it/focus/foc020303.html
  • --- (2003). Electronic Preprints and Postprints. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science Marcel Dekker, Inc. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/eprints.htm
  • --- (2003). Online Archives for Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications. International Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. John Feather & Paul Sturges (eds). Routledge. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/archives.htm
  • --- (2003). Back to the Oral Tradition Through Skywriting at the Speed of Thought. Interdisciplines. http://www.interdisciplines.org/defispublicationweb/papers/6
  • --- (2005) Fast-Forward on the Green Road to Open Access: The Case Against Mixing Up Green and Gold. Ariadne 42. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue42/harnad/
  • ___(2005) Making the case for web-based self-archiving. Research Money 19(16). http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11534/
  • --- (2006) Publish or Perish — Self-Archive to Flourish: The Green Route to Open Access. ERCIM News 64. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11715/
  • --- (2006) Maximizing Research Impact Through Institutional and National Open-Access Self-Archiving Mandates. In Proceedings of CRIS2006. Current Research Information Systems: Open Access Institutional Repositories, Bergen, Norway. Jeffrey, K., Eds. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12093/
  • --- (2006) Opening Access by Overcoming Zeno's Paralysis, in Jacobs, N., Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, chapter 8. Chandos. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12094/
  • ___ (2007) The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition. In: Anna Gacs. The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age. L'Harmattan. 99-106. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13309/
  • ___(2010) The Immediate Practical Implication of the Houghton Report: Provide Green Open Access Now. Prometheus, 28 (1). pp. 55-59. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18514/
  • ___ (2011) Open Access Self-Archiving of Refereed Research: A PostGutenberg Compromise. Against the Grain (Special issue on multiple versions and copy editing, Sandy Thatcher & Todd Carpenter, Eds) http://www.against-the-grain.com/
  • Harnad, Stevan, Les Carr, and Tim Brody. "How and Why to Free All Refereed Research from Access- and Impact-Barriers Online, Now." High Energy Physics Libraries Webzine, no. 4 (2001). http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/4/papers/1/
  • Harnad, Stevan, and Matt Hemus. "All or None: No Stable Hybrid or Half-Way Solutions for Launching the Learned Periodical Literature into the Post-Gutenberg Galaxy." In The Impact of Electronic Publishing on the Academic Community: An International Workshop Organized by the Academia Europaea and the Wenner-Gren Foundation, dited by I. Butterworth. London: Portland Press, 1998. http://www.portlandpress.com/pp/books/online/tiepac/session1/ch5.htm
  • Harnad, S., Carr, L., Brody, T. & Oppenheim, C. (2003) Mandated online RAE CVs Linked to University Eprint Archives: Improving the UK Research Assessment Exercise whilst making it cheaper and easier. Ariadne. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/Ariadne-RAE.htm
  • Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004) The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access. Serials Review 30. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/impact.html
  • Harnad, S. & Brody, T. (2004) Comparing the Impact of Open Access (OA) vs. Non-OA Articles in the Same Journals, D-Lib Magazine 10 (6) June http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june04/harnad/06harnad.html Japanese translation http://www.nii.ac.jp/metadata/irp/harnad/
  • Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Hajjem, C., & Hilf, E. (2004) The green and the gold roads to Open Access. Nature Web Focus. http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html
  • Sale, Arthur (2006) Researchers and institutional repositories, in Jacobs, Neil, Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, chapter 9, pages 87-100. Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Limited. http://eprints.comp.utas.edu.au:81/archive/00000257/
  • Sale, Arthur (2006) Comparison of IR content policies in Australia. First Monday 11(4). http://eprints.comp.utas.edu.au:81/archive/00000264/
  • Sale, Arthur (2006) The impact of mandatory policies on ETD acquisition. D-Lib Magazine 12(4). http://eprints.comp.utas.edu.au:81/archive/00000267/
  • Sale, Arthur (2006) Generic Risk Analysis - Open Access for your institution. Technical Report, School of Computing, University of Tasmania. http://eprints.comp.utas.edu.au:81/archive/00000266/
  • Sale, Arthur (2006) Maximizing the research impact of your publications. Technical Report, School of Computing, University of Tasmania. http://eprints.comp.utas.edu.au:81/archive/00000279/
  • Shadbolt, N., Brody, T., Carr, L. and Harnad, S. (2006) The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable, in Jacobs, N., Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, chapter 21. Chandos. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12453/
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  • Swan, A. (2006) Overview of scholarly communication, in Jacobs, N., Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, chapter 1. Chandos. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12427/
  • Swan, A. (2006) The culture of Open Access: researchers’ views and responses, in Jacobs, N., Eds. Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, chapter 7. Chandos. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12428/
  • Swan, A. and Brown, S. (2004) ISC/OSI JOURNAL AUTHORS SURVEY Report. Technical Report, JISC, HEFCE. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11002/
  • Swan, A. and Brown, S. (2004) Authors and open access publishing. Learned Publishing 17(3) pp. 219-224. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11003/
  • Swan, A. and Brown, S. (2005) Open access self-archiving: An author study. Technical Report, External Collaborators, Key Perspectives Inc. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10999/
  • Swan, A., Needham, P., Probets, S., Muir, A., Oppenheim, C., O’Brien, A., Hardy, R., Rowland, F. and Brown, S. (2005) Developing a model for e-prints and open access journal content in UK further and higher education. Learned Publishing 18(1) pp. 25-40. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11000/
  • Swan, A., Needham, P., Probets, S., Muir, A., Oppenheim, C., O’Brien, A., Hardy, R. and Rowland, F. (2005) Delivery, Management and Access Model for E-prints and Open Access Journals within Further and Higher Education. Technical Report, JISC, HEFCE. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11001/
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