Second New Deal - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Second New Deal is the term used by commentators at the time and historians ever since to characterize the second stage of the New Deal

New Deal

The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call...

programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war...

. In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for three major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance, as well as a national welfare program (the WPA) to replace state relief efforts. It is usually dated 1935-36, and includes programs to redistribute wealth, income and power in favor of the poor, the old, farmers and labor unions. The most important programs included Social Security

Social Security (United States)

In the United States, Social Security refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program.The original Social Security Act and the current version of the Act, as amended encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs...

, the National Labor Relations Act

National Labor Relations Act

The National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act , is a 1935 United States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions , engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in...

("Wagner Act"), the Banking Act, rural electrification

Rural Electrification Act

The Rural Electrification Act of 1936 provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve rural areas of the United States....

, and breaking up utility holding companies

Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 , , also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a law that was passed by the United States Congress to facilitate regulation of electric utilities, by either limiting their operations to a single state, and thus subjecting them to effective state...

. Programs that were later ended by the Supreme Court or the Conservative Coalition

Conservative coalition

In the United States, the conservative coalition was an unofficial Congressional coalition bringing together the conservative majority of the Republican Party and the conservative, mostly Southern, wing of the Democratic Party...

included WPA

WPA

- Agencies and organizations :*World Pool-Billiard Association*World Psychiatric Association- United States :*Washington Project for the Arts*Women's Prison Association...

, NYA

National Youth Administration

The National Youth Administration was a New Deal agency in the United States that focused on providing work and education for Americans between the ages of 16 and 24. It operated from 1935 to 1939 as part of the Works Progress Administration . Following the passage of the Reorganization Act of...

, the Resettlement Administration

Resettlement Administration

The Resettlement Administration was a U.S. federal agency that, between April 1935 and December 1936, relocated struggling urban and rural families to communities planned by the federal government....

, and programs for retail price control, farm rescues

Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act

The Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act was an Act of Congress passed in the United States in 1934 that restricted the ability of banks to repossess farms.-Background:Between 1933 and 1936, the United States Congress in conjunction with President Franklin D...

, coal stabilization, and taxes on the rich

Revenue Act of 1935

The Revenue Act of 1935, , raised United States taxes on higher income levels, gifts, estates and corporations, by introducing the "Wealth Tax". It was a new graduated tax that took up to 75 percent of the highest incomes in taxes, starting at incomes above $50,000.It was signed into law by...

and the Undistributed profits tax

Undistributed profits tax

The Undistributed Profits Tax was enacted in 1936 by the United States administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt , during the Great Depression . The UP Tax was a revenue program for FDR's New Deal. The act was controversial even within FDR's United States Treasury Department, as some noted...

. Liberals hallu in Congress passed the Bonus Bill

Bonus Bill

Bonus Bill may refer to:*Bonus Bill of 1817, U.S. proposed legislation vetoed by President Madison*World War Adjusted Compensation Act, 1924 U.S. law*Adjusted Compensation Payment Act, 1936 U.S. law...

of $1.5 billion to 3 million World War veterans over FDR's veto. Liberals strongly supported the new direction, and formed the New Deal Coalition

New Deal coalition

The New Deal Coalition was the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until the late 1960s. It made the Democratic Party the majority party during that period, losing only to Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952...

of union members, big city machines, the white South, and ethnic minorities to support it; and conservatives—typified by the American Liberty League

American Liberty League

The American Liberty League was an American political organization formed in 1934 by conservative Democrats to oppose the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was active for just two years...

were strongly opposed.

Further reading