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Scrophularia
 
 
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"Figwort" redirects here. This is also used for some other plants; see below.


The genus Scrophularia of the family Scrophulariaceae
Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with zygomorphic flowers....
 comprises about 200 species of herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s commonly known as figworts. Species of Scrophularia all share square stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
, opposite leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 and open two-lipped flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
, but concentrated in Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
 with only a few species in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 and North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

Scrophularia species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including Phymatopus hectoides
Phymatopus

Phymatopus is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are six described species scattered across the Northern Hemisphere, placed in two groups....
.

Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoid
Iridoid

Iridoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in a wide variety of plants and in some animals. They are monoterpenes biosynthesized from isoprene and they are often intermediates in the biosynthesis of alkaloids....
s, and several Scrophularia species have been used in various traditional medicine
Traditional medicine

The term traditional medicine describes medical knowledge systems, which developed over centuries within various societies before the era of modern medicine; traditional medicines include practices such as herbal medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, Unani medicine, acupuncture, spinal manipulation, Siddha Medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, S...
s around the world, such as the Ningpo figwort
Ningpo figwort

Ningpo figwort , also called Chinese figwort, is a perennial plant of the family Scrophulariaceae . It reaches 1 m by 0.4 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite, insect-pollination and the plant usually flowers in late spring....
 or Chinese figwort (S.






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Encyclopedia


"Figwort" redirects here. This is also used for some other plants; see below.


The genus Scrophularia of the family Scrophulariaceae
Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with zygomorphic flowers....
 comprises about 200 species of herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s commonly known as figworts. Species of Scrophularia all share square stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
, opposite leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 and open two-lipped flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s forming clusters at the end of their stems. The genus is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
, but concentrated in Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
 with only a few species in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 and North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

Scrophularia species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including Phymatopus hectoides
Phymatopus

Phymatopus is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are six described species scattered across the Northern Hemisphere, placed in two groups....
.

Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoid
Iridoid

Iridoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in a wide variety of plants and in some animals. They are monoterpenes biosynthesized from isoprene and they are often intermediates in the biosynthesis of alkaloids....
s, and several Scrophularia species have been used in various traditional medicine
Traditional medicine

The term traditional medicine describes medical knowledge systems, which developed over centuries within various societies before the era of modern medicine; traditional medicines include practices such as herbal medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, Unani medicine, acupuncture, spinal manipulation, Siddha Medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, S...
s around the world, such as the Ningpo figwort
Ningpo figwort

Ningpo figwort , also called Chinese figwort, is a perennial plant of the family Scrophulariaceae . It reaches 1 m by 0.4 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite, insect-pollination and the plant usually flowers in late spring....
 or Chinese figwort (S. ningpoensis). The name Scrophularia comes from scrofula
Scrofula

Scrofula is any of a variety of skin diseases; in particular, a form of tuberculosis, affecting the lymph nodes of the neck. It is often informally or historically known as 'King's Evil', referring to the method of treatment many sufferers used, in some cases in England up to the reign of King Charles II....
, a form of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the...
, because several species have been used to treat this disease.

Selected species

  • Scrophularia aequilabris
  • Scrophularia alaschanica
  • Scrophularia amana
  • Scrophularia amplexicaulis
  • Scrophularia aquatica
  • Scrophularia atrata - Black Figwort
  • Scrophularia atropatana
  • Scrophularia auriculata - Water Figwort
  • Scrophularia balbisii
  • Scrophularia bitlisica
  • Scrophularia buergeriana
  • Scrophularia californica
    Scrophularia californica

    Scrophularia californica is a flowering plant in the Scrophulariaceae which is known by the common names California figwort and California bee plant....
     - California Figwort
  • Scrophularia candelabrum
  • Scrophularia canina - Dog Figwort
  • Scrophularia capillaris
  • Scrophularia carduchorum
  • Scrophularia catariifolia
  • Scrophularia chasmophila
  • Scrophularia chlorantha
  • Scrophularia chrysantha
  • Scrophularia cinerascens
  • Scrophularia crenophila
  • Scrophularia cryptophila
  • Scrophularia delavayi
  • Scrophularia dentata
  • Scrophularia depauperata
  • Scrophularia deserti
  • Scrophularia diplodonta
  • Scrophularia divaricata
  • Scrophularia elatior
  • Scrophularia erzincanica
  • Scrophularia fargesii
  • Scrophularia floribunda
  • Scrophularia formosana
  • Scrophularia frigida
  • Scrophularia frutescens
  • Scrophularia glabrata
  • Scrophularia grandiflora
  • Scrophularia gypsicola
  • Scrophularia henryi
  • Scrophularia herminii
  • Scrophularia heucheriiflora
  • Scrophularia hopii
  • Scrophularia hypericifolia
  • Scrophularia hypsophila
  • Scrophularia hyssopifolia
  • Scrophularia ilwensis
  • Scrophularia incisa
  • Scrophularia juratensis
  • Scrophularia kansuensis
  • Scrophularia kakudensis
  • Scrophularia kiriloviana
  • Scrophularia kotschyana
  • Scrophularia kurdica
  • Scrophularia laevigata
  • Scrophularia laevis - Smooth Figwort
  • Scrophularia lanceolata - Lanceleaf Figwort
  • Scrophularia lepidota
  • Scrophularia lhasaensis
  • Scrophularia libanotica
  • Scrophularia lijiangensis
  • Scrophularia lucida
  • Scrophularia luridiflora
  • Scrophularia macrantha - Mimbres Figwort
  • Scrophularia macrobotrys
  • Scrophularia macrocarpa
  • Scrophularia mapienensis
  • Scrophularia marilandica
    Scrophularia marilandica

    Scrophularia marilandica, also called Late Figwort, Maryland Figwort, Carpenter's Square, or Eastern Figwort, is a flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native throughout Eastern United States and Central United States North America, where it is found growing in dry woods from Manitoba and Quebec south to...
     - Late Figwort
  • Scrophularia meridionalis
  • Scrophularia mersinensis
  • Scrophularia mesopotamica
  • Scrophularia modesta
  • Scrophularia moellendorffii
  • Scrophularia myriophylla
  • Scrophularia nachitschevanica
  • Scrophularia nankinensis
  • Scrophularia neesii
  • Scrophularia ningpoensis
    Ningpo figwort

    Ningpo figwort , also called Chinese figwort, is a perennial plant of the family Scrophulariaceae . It reaches 1 m by 0.4 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite, insect-pollination and the plant usually flowers in late spring....
     - Ningpo Figwort
  • Scrophularia nodosa
    Scrophularia nodosa

    Scrophularia nodosa is a Perennial plant herbaceous plant found in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere except western North America ....
     - Common Figwort
  • Scrophularia olympica
  • Scrophularia orientalis
  • Scrophularia paphlagonica
  • Scrophularia parviflora - Pineland Figwort
  • Scrophularia pauciflora
  • Scrophularia pegaea
  • Scrophularia peregrina - Nettle-leaved Figwort
  • Scrophularia peyronii
  • Scrophularia pinardii
  • Scrophularia pruinosa
  • Scrophularia przewalskii
  • Scrophularia pulverulenta
  • Scrophularia pumilio
  • Scrophularia rimarum
  • Scrophularia rubricaulis
  • Scrophularia sambucifolia
  • Scrophularia scariosa
  • Scrophularia schmitzii
  • Scrophularia scopolii
  • Scrophularia scorodonia - Balm-leaved Figwort
  • Scrophularia serratifolia
  • Scrophularia sosnowskyi
  • Scrophularia souliei
  • Scrophularia spicata
  • Scrophularia striata
  • Scrophularia stylosa
  • Scrophularia subaequiloba
  • Scrophularia sublyrata
  • Scrophularia taihangshanensis
  • Scrophularia thesioides
  • Scrophularia trichopoda
  • Scrophularia umbrosa - Green Figwort
  • Scrophularia urticifolia
  • Scrophularia variegata
  • Scrophularia vernalis - Yellow Figwort
  • Scrophularia versicolor
  • Scrophularia vvednskyi
  • Scrophularia xanthoglossa
  • Scrophularia xylorrhiza
  • Scrophularia yoshimurae
  • Scrophularia yunnanensis
  • Scrophularia zuvandica


    • Other plants called "figwort"

    Some other plants - mainly Lamiales
    Lamiales

    The order Lamiales is a taxon in the Asteridae group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided up into about 10 family ....
     formerly or still in the Scrophulariaceae
    Scrophulariaceae

    Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with zygomorphic flowers....
     - are also called "figwort". These include:
    • Euphrasia officinalis (Red Eyebright)
    • Veronica officinalis
      Veronica officinalis

      Veronica officinalis is a species of Veronica , native to Europe and western Asia.It is a herbaceous perennial plant with hairy green stems 10?50 cm long that cover the ground in mats and send up short vertical shoots which bear soft violet flowers....
       (Common Speedwell)
    • Veronica anagallis-aquatica (Water Speedwell)
    • Gratiola officinalis
      Gratiola officinalis

      Gratiola officinalis is an ornamental plant in the Plantaginaceae family.ReferencesExternal links...
       (Common Hedgehyssop)
    • Bacopa monnieri
      Bacopa monnieri

      Bacopa monnieri is a Perennial plant, creeping herb whose habitat includes wetlands and muddy shores. Common names include Coastal Waterhyssop and brahmi....
       (Coastal Waterhyssop)
    • Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed)
    • Ilysanthes riparia (False Pimpernel)