Screeve
Encyclopedia
A screeve is a term of grammatical description in traditional Georgian grammars that roughly corresponds to TAM (tense-aspect-mood) marking in the Western grammatical tradition. It derives from the Georgian
word mts'k'rivi (მწკრივი), which means "row". Formally, it refers to a set of six verb forms inflected for person and number forming a single paradigm. For example, the aorist
screeve for most verbal forms consists at least of a preverb (და da-), a root (წერ c'er, "write"), and a screeve ending (ე -e, ა -a, ეს -es), and in the first and second persons a plural suffix (თ -t) to form the form (დაწერეთ dac'eret):
Given the presence of similar terms in Western grammars, it is important to understand how screeves differ from them. In many Western languages, endings encode all of tense, aspect and mood, but in Georgian, the screeve endings may or may not include one of these categories. For example, the perfect series screeves have modal and evidential properties that are completely absent in the aorist and present/future series screeves, such that წერილი დაუწერია c'erili dauc'eria "He has apparently written the letter" implies that you know the letter is written because you see the letter written on a table. However, the present form წერილს დაწერს c'erils dac'ers "He will write the letter" is simply neutral with respect to the question of how you know (or do not know) that the letter will be written.
Georgian language
Georgian is the native language of the Georgians and the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.Georgian is the primary language of about 4 million people in Georgia itself, and of another 500,000 abroad...
word mts'k'rivi (მწკრივი), which means "row". Formally, it refers to a set of six verb forms inflected for person and number forming a single paradigm. For example, the aorist
Aorist
Aorist is a philological term originally from Indo-European studies, referring to verb forms of various languages that are not necessarily related or similar in meaning...
screeve for most verbal forms consists at least of a preverb (და da-), a root (წერ c'er, "write"), and a screeve ending (ე -e, ა -a, ეს -es), and in the first and second persons a plural suffix (თ -t) to form the form (დაწერეთ dac'eret):
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| First person | დავწერე davc'ere "I wrote it" | დავწერეთ davc'eret "We wrote it" |
| Second Person | დაწერე dac'ere "You wrote it" | დაწერეთ dac'eret "You all wrote it" |
| Third Person | დაწერა dac'era "He wrote it" | დაწერეს dac'eres "They wrote it" |
Given the presence of similar terms in Western grammars, it is important to understand how screeves differ from them. In many Western languages, endings encode all of tense, aspect and mood, but in Georgian, the screeve endings may or may not include one of these categories. For example, the perfect series screeves have modal and evidential properties that are completely absent in the aorist and present/future series screeves, such that წერილი დაუწერია c'erili dauc'eria "He has apparently written the letter" implies that you know the letter is written because you see the letter written on a table. However, the present form წერილს დაწერს c'erils dac'ers "He will write the letter" is simply neutral with respect to the question of how you know (or do not know) that the letter will be written.