Sarat Chandra Bose
Encyclopedia
Sarat Chandra Bose was a barrister
and Indian freedom fighter. He was the elder brother of Subhash Chandra Bose
.
Born to FatherJanakinath Bose and MotherBibhabati Bose (née Dey
) in Calcutta on 6 September 1889, Sarat Bose studied in Presidency College, Calcutta and then went to England in 1911 to become a barrister. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the Indian independence movement
. Bose was one of the best Bengali Hindu barristers but lost to the Bihari Shia barrister Sir Sultan Ahmed
in one of his most high profile cases despite being aided by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru and Motilal Nehru
. Sarat regarded Syed Hasan Imam
a relative of Syed Sultan Ahmed as the best barrister in British India. He later joined the Indian National Congress
and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement
. He was strongly influenced by the leadership of Chittaranjan Das
, a leading Bengali nationalist.
from 1936 to 1947. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the Central Legislative Assembly
. He strongly supported the formation of the Indian National Army
by Subhash Bose, and actively participated in the Quit India movement
. Following his brother's death in 1945, Bose would lead efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the INA Defence and Relief Committee. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers - the position of a minister in a national executive council led by Jawaharlal Nehru
and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
, and presided over by the Viceroy of India.
Sarat Bose's mother was Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta).
's call to partition Bengal
between Hindu-majority
and Muslim-majority
regions. He attempt to construct a bid for a united but independent Bengal with Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
, the Bengali Muslim League leader, but this received no support from the Congress or the League, nor the common public. After India's independence, Bose would lead his brother's Forward Bloc
and form the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died in 1950, in Calcutta.
Prabhabati Bose was born to the famous Dutta family of Hatkhola in north Kolkata. She mothered fourteen children,six daughters and eight sons among them were nationalist leader Sarat Chandra Bose, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and distinguished cardiologist Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose.
Dr. Sisir Bose was a leading doctor and a freedom fighter, who is said to have driven his youngest uncle, Subhas Bose out of their house on Elgin Road and then out of the city in the family's Wanderer, which still stands as an exhibit at the Netaji Research Bureau. His wife, Prof. Krishna Bose, a niece of the author Nirad Chaudhuri, is an academic and was a Member of Parliament. His grandchildren are Sugata Bose
and Sarmila Bose
, both well-known Indian historians, and Sumantra Bose
, who is a professor of politics at the LSE
.
Barrister
A barrister is a member of one of the two classes of lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions with split legal professions. Barristers specialise in courtroom advocacy, drafting legal pleadings and giving expert legal opinions...
and Indian freedom fighter. He was the elder brother of Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose known by name Netaji was an Indian revolutionary who led an Indian national political and military force against Britain and the Western powers during World War II. Bose was one of the most prominent leaders in the Indian independence movement and is a legendary figure in...
.
Early life
His forefathers had served the Afghan rulers of pre-Mughal Bengal with great distinction.Born to FatherJanakinath Bose and MotherBibhabati Bose (née Dey
Dey
Dey was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers and Tripoli under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards...
) in Calcutta on 6 September 1889, Sarat Bose studied in Presidency College, Calcutta and then went to England in 1911 to become a barrister. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the Indian independence movement
Indian independence movement
The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide area of political organisations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending first British East India Company rule, and then British imperial authority, in parts of South Asia...
. Bose was one of the best Bengali Hindu barristers but lost to the Bihari Shia barrister Sir Sultan Ahmed
Sir Sultan Ahmed
Sir Syed Sultan Ahmed KCSI was an Indian Barrister & Politician. He had a very successful practice as a barrister having victories over Motilal Nehru, Tej Bahadur Sapru and Sarat Chandra Bose...
in one of his most high profile cases despite being aided by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru and Motilal Nehru
Motilal Nehru
Motilal Nehru was an early Indian independence activist and leader of the Indian National Congress, who remained Congress President twice, and...
. Sarat regarded Syed Hasan Imam
Syed Hasan Imam
Syed Hasan Imam born in year 1871, was an Indian politician who served as the President of the Indian National Congress.He was the fourth Muslim to become the President of Indian National Congress. One of his ancestors was the private tutor to Aurangzeb. Hasan Imam's father was a professor of...
a relative of Syed Sultan Ahmed as the best barrister in British India. He later joined the Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian...
and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement
Non-cooperation movement
The non-cooperation movement was a significant phase of the Indian struggle for freedom from British rule which lasted for years. This movement, which lasted from September 1920 to February 1922 and was led by Mohandas Gandhi, and supported by the Indian National Congress. It aimed to resist...
. He was strongly influenced by the leadership of Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das was an eminent Bengali lawyer and a major figure in the Indian independence movement.-Personal life:...
, a leading Bengali nationalist.
Political career
In 1936, Bose became the president of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the All India Congress CommitteeAll India Congress Committee
The All India Congress Committee is the Presidium or central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress Party. It is composed of members elected from State-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members...
from 1936 to 1947. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the Central Legislative Assembly
Central Legislative Assembly
The Central Legislative Assembly was a legislature for India created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the former Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms...
. He strongly supported the formation of the Indian National Army
Indian National Army
The Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauj was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. The aim of the army was to overthrow the British Raj in colonial India, with Japanese assistance...
by Subhash Bose, and actively participated in the Quit India movement
Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement , or the August Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence. Gandhi hoped to bring the British government to the negotiating table...
. Following his brother's death in 1945, Bose would lead efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the INA Defence and Relief Committee. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers - the position of a minister in a national executive council led by Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was an Indian barrister and statesman, one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress and one of the founding fathers of India...
, and presided over by the Viceroy of India.
Sarat Bose's mother was Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta).
Bengal partition and later life
However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the Cabinet Mission Plan1946 Cabinet Mission to India
The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership, providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations...
's call to partition Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
between Hindu-majority
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...
and Muslim-majority
East Bengal
East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly corresponded to the modern state of Bangladesh. Both instances involved a violent partition of Bengal....
regions. He attempt to construct a bid for a united but independent Bengal with Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was a Pakistani-Bengali politician and statesman who served as 5th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 till 1957, and a close associate of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime minister of Pakistan...
, the Bengali Muslim League leader, but this received no support from the Congress or the League, nor the common public. After India's independence, Bose would lead his brother's Forward Bloc
All India Forward Bloc
The All India Forward Bloc is a leftwing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India...
and form the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died in 1950, in Calcutta.
Prabhabati Bose was born to the famous Dutta family of Hatkhola in north Kolkata. She mothered fourteen children,six daughters and eight sons among them were nationalist leader Sarat Chandra Bose, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and distinguished cardiologist Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose.
Family
The Bose family has remained prominent in public life in Bengal. Sarat Bose married Bivabati Dey in 1910, who hailed from a prominent aristocratic family of North Kolkata. She was the grandniece of Shyama Charan Dey, a well known public figure of early 19th Century Bengal. Their marriage was attended by luminaries of the day, including Rabindranath Tagore, who also sang few songs on that occasion. They had a large family of eight children, including four sons and four daughters. Among his sons were Ashoke Nath Bose, who was a chemical engineer, Amiya Nath Bose, who was a barrister, Dr. Sisir Kumar Bose, who was a well-known pediatrician and Member of Parliament, and Subrata Bose, who was an electrical engineer and is presently a Member of Parliament. All four brothers were actively involved in the national movement in the 1940s. Among his daughters are Mira Roy, Gita Biswas, Roma Roy Choudhury and Dr. Chitra Ghosh, a political scientist, academician and social worker, who is married to Subimal Ghosh, owner of a leading firm of builders and contractors.Dr. Sisir Bose was a leading doctor and a freedom fighter, who is said to have driven his youngest uncle, Subhas Bose out of their house on Elgin Road and then out of the city in the family's Wanderer, which still stands as an exhibit at the Netaji Research Bureau. His wife, Prof. Krishna Bose, a niece of the author Nirad Chaudhuri, is an academic and was a Member of Parliament. His grandchildren are Sugata Bose
Sugata Bose
Sugata Bose is the Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University.-Early life:Sugata Bose was born in Calcutta, India. He studied at the Presidency College, Kolkata. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge under Eric Stokes...
and Sarmila Bose
Sarmila Bose
Sarmila Bose is the Director of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University in 2006....
, both well-known Indian historians, and Sumantra Bose
Sumantra Bose
Sumantra Bose is Professor of International and Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics. He specialises in the study of ethnic and national conflicts and their management, with a particular focus on the Indian subcontinent and the former Yugoslavia...
, who is a professor of politics at the LSE
LSE
LSE may refer to:* London School of Economics and Political Science, a specialist school of the University of London* London Stock Exchange or its owner group London Stock Exchange Group...
.