San Cesareo in Palatio

[[Image:S saba - san Cesareo in Palatio 01476.JPG|thumb|280px|San Cesareo in Palatio]] '''San Cesareo in Palatio''' or '''San Caesareo de Appia''' is a [[titular church]] in [[Rome]], near the beginning of the [[Appian Way]]. It is dedicated to [[Saint Caesarius of Africa]], a 2nd century deacon and martyr. ===Origins=== In the 4th century, Emperor Valentinian was cured at the shrine of Caesarius at [[Terracina]], the site of his martyrdom. The emperor then decided to move his relics to Rome. They were taken to a church on the [[Palatine Hill]], and when they were later moved to a new church, that church got the name "in Palatio", "at the Palace". It is also known as San Cesareo de Appia. Excavations have revealed a Roman bath on the site from the 2nd or 3rd century, with a huge black and white mosaic depicting Neptune and marine creatures, along with foundations of what is thought to be the first church here, built in the 8th century. ===Medieval=== No written evidence exists for the church's origins; it is first mentioned in the written sources is 1192. In the Middle Ages, the church was part of a hospice and hospital for pilgrims, and had a column in front of it to demonstrate this. ===17th century=== The present church is the result of [[Pope Clement VIII]]'s rebuild in 1602/3, under the instructions of the antiquarian [[Cesare Baronio]], who was then titular here and whose house survives. Clement's coat-of-arms (the [[Aldobrandini]] family) was added to the [[coffered ceiling]] (which has St Caesarius is depicted in the central panel). Frescoes were added to the [[Giacomo della Porta]] facade at this date, though they have been lost to pollution. The [[Cosmatesque]] pulpit, balustrades, altar frontal and [[cathedra|episcopal chair]] behind the altar (in pale blue, unusual in Cosmatesque work) may have been brought here at this time from [[St John Lateran|San Giovanni in Laterano]], although it may also have come from other churches, when the transepts of St John were at this time. The paintings between the windows are also 17th century, by [[Cavalier D'Arpino]] and [[Cesare Rosetti]], depicting the martyrdoms of St Caesarius and several saints named Hippolytus (as a compliment to Pope Clement VIII, who was baptized as Ippolito). Cavalier D'Arpino also produced the design for the rare motif in the mosaic, God the Father. ===20th century=== Another restoration occurred in the years 1955 to 1963. [[John Paul II]] was the titular cardinal of this church. ==List of Cardinal Deacons== * Niccolò Pandolfini ''pro hac vice''(6 July 1517 - 17 September 1518) * Louis de Gorrevod ''pro hac vice'' (16 May 1530 - 22 April 1535) * Bartolomeo Guidiccioni ''pro hac vice'' (28 January 1540 - 24 September 1543) * [[Cristoforo Madruzzo]] ''pro hac vice'' (9 January 1545 - 16 January 1560) * Pier Francesco Ferrero ''pro hac vice'' (3 June 1561 - 10 November 1561) * Archangelo de’ Bianchi ''pro hac vice'' (3 July 1570 - 18 January 1580) * Silvestro Aldobrandini (5 November 1603 - 28 January 1612) * [[Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo]] ''pro hac vice'' (1616 - 2 March 1623) * [[Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio]] (17 December 1629 - 17 October 1644) * [[Carlo Rossetti]] (28 November 1644 - 18 August 1653) * [[Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt]] (30 March 1661 - 14 November 1667) * [[Carlo Barberini]] (18 August 1653 - 30 August 1660; 14 November 1667 - 2 December 1675) * Girolamo Casanate (2 December 1675 - 6 April 1682) * [[Benedetto Pamphili]] (30 April 1685 - 30 September 1686) * Giovanni Francesco Negroni (30 September 1686 - 2 January 1696) * [[Giambattista Spínola, Jr|Giambattista Spinola]] ''pro hac vice'' (2 January 1696 - 19 March 1719) * Thomas Philip Wallrad d’Hénin-Liétard d’Alsace-Boussu de Chimay ''pro hac vice'' (16 June 1721 - 2 December 1733) * [[Giovanni Battista Spinola]] (2 December 1733 - 23 September 1743) * [[Gian Francesco Albani]] (15 May 1747 - 12 February 1759) * Giovanni Costanzio Caracciolo (19 November 1759 - 12 December 1770) * Bernardino De Vecchi (29 May 1775 - 24 December 1775) * Giovanni Cornaro (20 July 1778 - 29 March 1789) * Filippo Campanelli (26 September 1791 - 18 February 1795) * [[Giuseppe Albani]] (29 October 1804 - 2 October 1818) * Tommaso Bernetti (25 June 1827 - 22 January 1844) * Giuseppe Bofondi (14 June 1847 - 2 December 1867) * Ignazio Masotti (13 November 1884 - 31 October 1888) * Achille Apolloni (27 May 1889 - 3 April 1893) * [[Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco]] (3 December 1896 - 24 March 1898) * Wilhelmus Marinus van Rossum (30 November 1911 - 6 December 1915) * [[Franz Ehrle|Franziskus Ehrle]] (14 December 1922 - 31 March 1934) * [[Domenico Mariani]] (19 December 1935 - 23 April 1939) * [[Francesco Bracci]] (18 December 1958 - 24 March 1967) * [[Pope John Paul II|Karol Jozef Wojtyła]] ''pro hac vice'' (29 June 1967 - 16 October 1978) (later [[Pope John Paul II]]) * [[Andrzej Maria Deskur]] ''pro hac vice'' (25 May 1985 - 3 September 2011) {{commons|Category:San Cesareo de Appia (Rome)}} ==Sources== *[http://romanchurches.wikia.com/wiki/San_Cesareo_in_Palatio Nyborg] {{coord missing|Italy}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Cesareo In Palatio}}