Samuel Linde
Encyclopedia
Samuel Bogumił Linde was a linguist
, librarian
, and lexicographer of the Polish language
. He was director of the Prussian-founded Warsaw Lyceum
during its existence (1804–31), and an important figure of the Polish Enlightenment
.
, a province of the Kingdom of Poland, to Jan Jacobsen Linde, a master locksmith and member of the city council who had immigrated from Sweden
, and Anna Barbara, née
Langenhann. His mother's family originated from Coburg
. His second name Gottlieb has been rendered in Polish as Bogumił. Linde came from a German speaking family but was fluent in Polish and served as a lector
of Polish at University of Leipzig
where he had previously studied theology and philology. In 1793 he began to collaborate with supporters of the Constitution of May 3, 1791
. During the Kościuszko Uprising
(1794) he was in Warsaw and supported Hugo Kołłątaj.
In 1795–1803 he was a librarian to Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński
and began gathering material for his future dictionary. In 1800 he was invited to join the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning. As director of the Warsaw Lyceum
during its existence, 1804–31, Linde hired Frédéric Chopin
's father, Nicolas Chopin, as a teacher of French language
. The composer himself studied at the Lyceum in 1823–26.
Linde was a Lutheran and is buried at the Evangelical Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw
. He married Ludwika Nussbaum, originally from Switzerland. Their daughter Ludwika Emilia Izabela married Leopold Otto
, a Lutheran pastor.
, of lasting importance for Slavic
lexicography
, published in Warsaw in 1807–14. It was the first major dictionary of the Polish language.
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
, librarian
Librarian
A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs...
, and lexicographer of the Polish language
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
. He was director of the Prussian-founded Warsaw Lyceum
Warsaw Lyceum
The Warsaw Lyceum was a secondary school that existed in Warsaw, under the Kingdom of Prussia and under the Kingdom of Poland, from 1804 to its closing in 1831 by Imperial Russia following the Polish November 1830 Uprising.-History:...
during its existence (1804–31), and an important figure of the Polish Enlightenment
Enlightenment in Poland
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in the Western Europe, as Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta culture together with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth political system were in deep crisis...
.
Life
Samuel Gottlieb Linde was born in Toruń, Royal PrussiaRoyal Prussia
Royal Prussia was a Region of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . Polish Prussia included Pomerelia, Chełmno Land , Malbork Voivodeship , Gdańsk , Toruń , and Elbląg . It is distinguished from Ducal Prussia...
, a province of the Kingdom of Poland, to Jan Jacobsen Linde, a master locksmith and member of the city council who had immigrated from Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, and Anna Barbara, née
NEE
NEE is a political protest group whose goal was to provide an alternative for voters who are unhappy with all political parties at hand in Belgium, where voting is compulsory.The NEE party was founded in 2005 in Antwerp...
Langenhann. His mother's family originated from Coburg
Coburg
Coburg is a town located on the Itz River in Bavaria, Germany. Its 2005 population was 42,015. Long one of the Thuringian states of the Wettin line, it joined with Bavaria by popular vote in 1920...
. His second name Gottlieb has been rendered in Polish as Bogumił. Linde came from a German speaking family but was fluent in Polish and served as a lector
Lecturer
Lecturer is an academic rank. In the United Kingdom, lecturer is a position at a university or similar institution, often held by academics in their early career stages, who lead research groups and supervise research students, as well as teach...
of Polish at University of Leipzig
University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...
where he had previously studied theology and philology. In 1793 he began to collaborate with supporters of the Constitution of May 3, 1791
Constitution of May 3, 1791
The Constitution of May 3, 1791 was adopted as a "Government Act" on that date by the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Historian Norman Davies calls it "the first constitution of its type in Europe"; other scholars also refer to it as the world's second oldest constitution...
. During the Kościuszko Uprising
Kosciuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland, Belarus and Lithuania in 1794...
(1794) he was in Warsaw and supported Hugo Kołłątaj.
In 1795–1803 he was a librarian to Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński
Józef Maksymilian Ossolinski
Count Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński was a Polish noble , politician, writer, researcher of literature, and founder of the Ossoliński Institute....
and began gathering material for his future dictionary. In 1800 he was invited to join the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning. As director of the Warsaw Lyceum
Warsaw Lyceum
The Warsaw Lyceum was a secondary school that existed in Warsaw, under the Kingdom of Prussia and under the Kingdom of Poland, from 1804 to its closing in 1831 by Imperial Russia following the Polish November 1830 Uprising.-History:...
during its existence, 1804–31, Linde hired Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music and has been called "the poet of the piano"....
's father, Nicolas Chopin, as a teacher of French language
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
. The composer himself studied at the Lyceum in 1823–26.
Linde was a Lutheran and is buried at the Evangelical Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw
Evangelical Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw
, The Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw is a historic Lutheran Protestant cemetery located in the Wola district, western part of Warsaw, Poland.-Details:...
. He married Ludwika Nussbaum, originally from Switzerland. Their daughter Ludwika Emilia Izabela married Leopold Otto
Leopold Otto
Pastor Leopold v. Otto also Leopold Marcin von Otto was a Lutheran Pastor of the German Community in Warsaw and Poland and a national activist, participant of the patriotic manifestation of 1861 in Warsaw. In 1866-1875 Otto worked in Cieszyn...
, a Lutheran pastor.
Works
Linde's major work was Słownik języka polskiego (Dictionary of the Polish Language), a six-volume monolingual dictionaryDictionary
A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically, with usage information, definitions, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information; or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon...
, of lasting importance for Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
lexicography
Lexicography
Lexicography is divided into two related disciplines:*Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries....
, published in Warsaw in 1807–14. It was the first major dictionary of the Polish language.