Salyut 7
Encyclopedia
Salyut 7 (aka DOS-6) was a space station
in low Earth orbit
from April 1982 to February 1991. It was first manned in May 1982 with two crew via Soyuz T-5
, and last visited in June 1986, by Soyuz T-15
. Various crew and modules were used over its lifetime, including a total of 12 manned and 15 unmanned launches. Supporting spacecraft included the Soyuz T, Progress, and TKS spacecraft
.
It was part of the Soviet Union
's Salyut Program, and launched on April 19, 1982, on a Proton rocket from Site 200/40
at the Baikonur Cosmodrome
in what was then the USSR. Salyut 7 was part of the transition from "monolithic" to "modular" space stations, acting as a testbed for docking of additional modules and expanded station operations. It was also the tenth space station of any kind launched.
Salyut 7 was the back-up vehicle for Salyut 6
and very similar in equipment and capabilities. With delays to the Mir
programme it was decided to launch the back-up vehicle as Salyut 7. In orbit the station suffered a number of technical failures though it benefited from the improved payload capacity of the visiting Progress and Soyuz craft and the experience of its crews who improvised many solutions (such as a fuel line rupture in September 1983 requiring EVA
s by the Soyuz T-10
to repair). It was aloft for eight years and ten months (a record not broken until Mir), during which time it was visited by 10 crews constituting 6 main expeditions and 4 secondary flights (including French and Indian cosmonauts). The station also saw two flights of Svetlana Savitskaya
making her the second woman in space since 1963 and the first to perform an EVA
. Aside from the many experiments and observations made on Salyut 7, the station also tested the docking and use of large modules with an orbiting space station. The modules were called "Heavy Cosmos modules" though in reality were variants of the TKS spacecraft
intended for the cancelled Almaz
military space station. They helped engineers develop technology necessary to build Mir
. Salyut 7 deorbited on February 7, 1991.
It had two docking ports, one on either end of the station, to allow docking with the Progress unmanned resupply craft, and a wider front docking port to allow safer docking with a Heavy Cosmos module. It carried three solar panel
s, two in lateral and one in dorsal longitudinal positions, but they now had the ability to mount secondary panels on their sides. Internally, the Salyut 7 carried electric stoves, a refrigerator, constant hot water and redesigned seats at the command console (more like bicycle
seats). Two portholes were designed to allow ultraviolet
light in, to help kill infections. Further, the medical, biological and exercise sections were improved, to allow long stays in the station. The BST-1M telescope used in Salyut 6 was replaced by an X-ray
detection system.
Following up the use of Cosmos 1267
on Salyut 6, the Soviets launched Cosmos 1443 on March 2, 1983, from a Proton SL-13. It docked with the station on March 10, and was used by the crew of Soyuz T-9
. It jettisoned its recovery module on August 23, and re-entered the atmosphere on September 19. Cosmos 1686
was launched on September 27, 1985, docking with the station on October 2. It did not carry a recovery vehicle, and remained connected to the station for use by the crew of Soyuz T-14
. Ten Soyuz T crews operated in Salyut 7. Only two InterCosmos "guest cosmonauts" worked in Salyut 7. The first attempt to launch Soyuz T-10
was aborted on the launch pad when a fire broke out at the base of the vehicle. The payload was ejected, and the crew was recovered safely.
Salyut 7 had six resident crews.
There were also four visiting missions, crews which came to bring supplies and make shorter duration visits with the resident crews.
s. On September 9, 1983, during the stay of Vladimir Lyakhov
and Alexander Alexandrov
, while reorienting the station to perform a radiowave transmission experiment, Lyakhov noticed the pressure of one fuel tank was almost zero. Following this, Alexandrov spotted a fuel leak looking through the aft porthole. Ground control decided to try to repair the damaged pipes, in what was to be the most complex repair attempted during EVA at the time. However this was to be attempted by the next crew, the current one lacking the necessary training and tools. The damage was eventually repaired by Leonid Kizim
and Vladimir Solovyov
, who after four EVAs managed to fix two leaks but needed a special tool to fix the third. The tool was delivered by Soyuz T-12
, and the leak was subsequently fixed.
On February 12, 1985, contact with Salyut 7 was lost. The station began to drift, and all systems shut down. At this time the station was uninhabited, after the departure of Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov and Oleg Atkov
, and before the next crew arrived. Once again ground control decided to attempt repairing the station, which was performed by Vladimir Dzhanibekov
and Viktor Savinykh
. After manually docking with the station (the automatic system didn't have power) they found the hull intact, although the lack of power caused the station's walls to be covered in ice, and made working very difficult. The fault was eventually found to be electrical sensor that determined when the batteries need charging. Once the batteries were replaced, the station started charging them, and warmed up over the next few days.
Salyut 7 was last inhabited in 1986. It underwent uncontrolled reentry with Cosmos 1686
on February 7, 1991, reentering over Argentina
, scattering much of its debris over the town of Capitan Bermudez
.
Space station
A space station is a spacecraft capable of supporting a crew which is designed to remain in space for an extended period of time, and to which other spacecraft can dock. A space station is distinguished from other spacecraft used for human spaceflight by its lack of major propulsion or landing...
in low Earth orbit
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...
from April 1982 to February 1991. It was first manned in May 1982 with two crew via Soyuz T-5
Soyuz T-5
-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 190 km*Apogee: 231 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 89.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
, and last visited in June 1986, by Soyuz T-15
Soyuz T-15
- Backup crew :- Mission parameters :* Mass: 6850 kg* Perigee: 331 km* Apogee: 366 km* Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 91.5 minutes- Mission highlights :Soyuz T-15 was the first expedition to Mir....
. Various crew and modules were used over its lifetime, including a total of 12 manned and 15 unmanned launches. Supporting spacecraft included the Soyuz T, Progress, and TKS spacecraft
TKS spacecraft
TKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use...
.
It was part of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
's Salyut Program, and launched on April 19, 1982, on a Proton rocket from Site 200/40
Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 200
Site 200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome is a launch site used by Proton rockets. It consists of two launch pads, areas 39 and 40. Area 39 is currently used for Proton-M launches, including commercial flights conducted by International Launch Services. Area 40 is currently inactive, as it was slated to...
at the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur Cosmodrome
The Baikonur Cosmodrome , also called Tyuratam, is the world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It is located in the desert steppe of Kazakhstan, about east of the Aral Sea, north of the Syr Darya river, near Tyuratam railway station, at 90 meters above sea level...
in what was then the USSR. Salyut 7 was part of the transition from "monolithic" to "modular" space stations, acting as a testbed for docking of additional modules and expanded station operations. It was also the tenth space station of any kind launched.
Description
Salyut 6
Salyut 6 , DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth flown as part of the Salyut programme. Launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket, the station was the first of the 'second-generation' type of space station. Salyut 6 possessed several revolutionary advances over the earlier...
and very similar in equipment and capabilities. With delays to the Mir
Mir
Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
programme it was decided to launch the back-up vehicle as Salyut 7. In orbit the station suffered a number of technical failures though it benefited from the improved payload capacity of the visiting Progress and Soyuz craft and the experience of its crews who improvised many solutions (such as a fuel line rupture in September 1983 requiring EVA
Extra-vehicular activity
Extra-vehicular activity is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth, and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth , but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon...
s by the Soyuz T-10
Soyuz T-10
-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 199 km*Apogee: 219 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:Fifth expedition to Salyut 7. Visited by 6th and 7th expeditions....
to repair). It was aloft for eight years and ten months (a record not broken until Mir), during which time it was visited by 10 crews constituting 6 main expeditions and 4 secondary flights (including French and Indian cosmonauts). The station also saw two flights of Svetlana Savitskaya
Svetlana Savitskaya
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.She was twice awarded the Hero...
making her the second woman in space since 1963 and the first to perform an EVA
Extra-vehicular activity
Extra-vehicular activity is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth, and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth , but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon...
. Aside from the many experiments and observations made on Salyut 7, the station also tested the docking and use of large modules with an orbiting space station. The modules were called "Heavy Cosmos modules" though in reality were variants of the TKS spacecraft
TKS spacecraft
TKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use...
intended for the cancelled Almaz
Almaz
The Almaz program was a series of military space stations launched by the Soviet Union under cover of the civilian Salyut DOS-17K program after 1971....
military space station. They helped engineers develop technology necessary to build Mir
Mir
Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
. Salyut 7 deorbited on February 7, 1991.
It had two docking ports, one on either end of the station, to allow docking with the Progress unmanned resupply craft, and a wider front docking port to allow safer docking with a Heavy Cosmos module. It carried three solar panel
Photovoltaic module
A solar panel is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells...
s, two in lateral and one in dorsal longitudinal positions, but they now had the ability to mount secondary panels on their sides. Internally, the Salyut 7 carried electric stoves, a refrigerator, constant hot water and redesigned seats at the command console (more like bicycle
Bicycle
A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
seats). Two portholes were designed to allow ultraviolet
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3 eV to 124 eV...
light in, to help kill infections. Further, the medical, biological and exercise sections were improved, to allow long stays in the station. The BST-1M telescope used in Salyut 6 was replaced by an X-ray
X-ray
X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
detection system.
Crews and missions
Cosmos 1267
Kosmos 1267 was an unmanned TKS spacecraft which docked to the Soviet space station Salyut 6 as part of tests to attach scientific expansion modules to stations in Earth orbit. The module which docked to the station was the FGB component of a TKS vehicle launched on April 25, 1981. The...
on Salyut 6, the Soviets launched Cosmos 1443 on March 2, 1983, from a Proton SL-13. It docked with the station on March 10, and was used by the crew of Soyuz T-9
Soyuz T-9
-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 201 km*Apogee: 229 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:4th expedition to Salyut 7...
. It jettisoned its recovery module on August 23, and re-entered the atmosphere on September 19. Cosmos 1686
Cosmos 1686
Kosmos 1686 was a heavily modified TKS spacecraft which docked unmanned to the Soviet space station Salyut 7 as part of tests to attach scientific expansion modules to stations in Earth orbit. The module which docked to the station was the FGB component of a TKS vehicle launched on 1985-09-27, and...
was launched on September 27, 1985, docking with the station on October 2. It did not carry a recovery vehicle, and remained connected to the station for use by the crew of Soyuz T-14
Soyuz T-14
-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
. Ten Soyuz T crews operated in Salyut 7. Only two InterCosmos "guest cosmonauts" worked in Salyut 7. The first attempt to launch Soyuz T-10
Soyuz T-10-1
-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: N/A*Apogee: N/A*Inclination: N/A*Period: N/A-Mission highlights:...
was aborted on the launch pad when a fire broke out at the base of the vehicle. The payload was ejected, and the crew was recovered safely.
Salyut 7 had six resident crews.
- The first crew, Anatoli BerezovoyAnatoli BerezovoyAnatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy is a former Soviet cosmonaut.Berezovoy was born on April 11, 1942 in Enem, Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Russian SFSR in a Ukrainian family. He is married with two children. He graduated from the Air Force AcademyHe was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970. He...
and Valentin LebedevValentin LebedevValentin Vitaljevich Lebedev was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records....
, arrived on May 13, 1982 on Soyuz T-5Soyuz T-5-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 190 km*Apogee: 231 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 89.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
and remained for 211 days until December 10, 1982. - On June 27, 1983 the crew of Vladimir LyakhovVladimir LyakhovVladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov , Ukrainian SSR), Soviet Union on July 20, 1941) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union....
and Alexander AlexandrovAleksandr Pavlovich AleksandrovAleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov , born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
arrived on Soyuz T-9Soyuz T-9-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 201 km*Apogee: 229 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:4th expedition to Salyut 7...
and remained for 150 days, until November 23, 1983. - On February 8, 1984 Leonid KizimLeonid KizimLeonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
, Vladimir SolovyevVladimir Alekseyevich SolovyovVladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
, and Oleg AtkovOleg AtkovOleg Yur'yevich At'kov is a Soviet cosmonaut. He is married with one child....
began a 237 day stay, the longest on Salyut 7, which ended on October 2, 1984. - Vladimir DzhanibekovVladimir DzhanibekovVladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh...
and Viktor SavinykhViktor SavinykhViktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. Retired on February 9, 1989.Flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5....
(Soyuz T-13Soyuz T-13Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06...
) arrived at the space station on June 6, 1985. - On September 17, 1985 Soyuz T-14Soyuz T-14-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
docked with the station carrying Vladimir VasyutinVladimir VasyutinVladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin was a Soviet cosmonaut.He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978...
, Alexander VolkovAlexander Alexandrovich Volkov (cosmonaut)Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov is a Russian cosmonaut.At the age of 13, Volkov witnessed Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space and this inspired him to become a cosmonaut...
, and Georgi GrechkoGeorgi GrechkoGeorgy Mikhaylovich Grechko is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights among which Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14.Grechko graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics with a doctorate in mathematics. He was a member of Communist Party of Soviet Union...
. Eight days later Dzhanibekov and Grechko left the station and returned to Earth after 103 days, while Savinyikh, Vasyutin, and Volkov remained on Salyut 7 and returned to Earth on November 21, 1985 after 65 days. - On May 6, 1986 Soyuz T-15Soyuz T-15- Backup crew :- Mission parameters :* Mass: 6850 kg* Perigee: 331 km* Apogee: 366 km* Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 91.5 minutes- Mission highlights :Soyuz T-15 was the first expedition to Mir....
carrying Leonid KizimLeonid KizimLeonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
and Vladimir SolovyovVladimir Alekseyevich SolovyovVladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
docked with the space station. The Soyuz had come from the MirMirMir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
space station and returned to Mir after 50 days on Salyut.
There were also four visiting missions, crews which came to bring supplies and make shorter duration visits with the resident crews.
Technical problems
The station suffered from two major problems, the first of which required extensive repair work to be performed on a number of EVAExtra-vehicular activity
Extra-vehicular activity is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth, and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth , but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon...
s. On September 9, 1983, during the stay of Vladimir Lyakhov
Vladimir Lyakhov
Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov , Ukrainian SSR), Soviet Union on July 20, 1941) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union....
and Alexander Alexandrov
Alexander Alexandrov
Alexander Alexandrov may refer to:*Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov , Russian mathematician and physicist*Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov , Russian cosmonaut...
, while reorienting the station to perform a radiowave transmission experiment, Lyakhov noticed the pressure of one fuel tank was almost zero. Following this, Alexandrov spotted a fuel leak looking through the aft porthole. Ground control decided to try to repair the damaged pipes, in what was to be the most complex repair attempted during EVA at the time. However this was to be attempted by the next crew, the current one lacking the necessary training and tools. The damage was eventually repaired by Leonid Kizim
Leonid Kizim
Leonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
and Vladimir Solovyov
Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov
Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
, who after four EVAs managed to fix two leaks but needed a special tool to fix the third. The tool was delivered by Soyuz T-12
Soyuz T-12
Soyuz T-12 was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. The name "Soyuz T-12" is also the name of the spacecraft used to launch and land the mission's three person crew. The mission occurred in July 1984, during the long-duration expedition Salyut 7 EO-3...
, and the leak was subsequently fixed.
On February 12, 1985, contact with Salyut 7 was lost. The station began to drift, and all systems shut down. At this time the station was uninhabited, after the departure of Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov and Oleg Atkov
Oleg Atkov
Oleg Yur'yevich At'kov is a Soviet cosmonaut. He is married with one child....
, and before the next crew arrived. Once again ground control decided to attempt repairing the station, which was performed by Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh...
and Viktor Savinykh
Viktor Savinykh
Viktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. Retired on February 9, 1989.Flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5....
. After manually docking with the station (the automatic system didn't have power) they found the hull intact, although the lack of power caused the station's walls to be covered in ice, and made working very difficult. The fault was eventually found to be electrical sensor that determined when the batteries need charging. Once the batteries were replaced, the station started charging them, and warmed up over the next few days.
Salyut 7 was last inhabited in 1986. It underwent uncontrolled reentry with Cosmos 1686
Cosmos 1686
Kosmos 1686 was a heavily modified TKS spacecraft which docked unmanned to the Soviet space station Salyut 7 as part of tests to attach scientific expansion modules to stations in Earth orbit. The module which docked to the station was the FGB component of a TKS vehicle launched on 1985-09-27, and...
on February 7, 1991, reentering over Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, scattering much of its debris over the town of Capitan Bermudez
Capitán Bermúdez
Capitán Bermúdez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, , on the western shore of the Paraná River. It has a population of about 27,000 inhabitants per the .The town was founded in 1889, and officially became a city in 1970...
.
Expeditions
| Expedition | Crew | Launch date | Flight up | Landing date | Flight down | Duration (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salyut 7 - EO-1 | Anatoli Berezovoy Anatoli Berezovoy Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy is a former Soviet cosmonaut.Berezovoy was born on April 11, 1942 in Enem, Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Russian SFSR in a Ukrainian family. He is married with two children. He graduated from the Air Force AcademyHe was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970. He... , Valentin Lebedev Valentin Lebedev Valentin Vitaljevich Lebedev was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.... |
May 13, 1982 09:58:05 UTC |
Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 190 km*Apogee: 231 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 89.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
December 10, 1982 19:02:36 UTC |
Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7 -Backup crew:Mission parameters:*Mass: 6,850 kg*Perigee: 289 km*Apogee: 299 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 90.3 minutes... |
211.38 |
| Salyut 7 - EP-1 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh... , Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 29 and Soyuz T-6, he spent 147 days, 12 hours and 37 minutes in space.... , Jean-Loup Chrétien Jean-Loup Chrétien Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien, is a French engineer, a retired Général de Brigade in the Armée de l'Air , and a former CNES astronaut. He flew on two Franco-Soviet space missions and a NASA Space Shuttle mission... - France |
June 24, 1982 16:29:48 UTC |
Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 189 km*Apogee: 233 km*Inclination: 51.7°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
July 2, 1982 14:20:40 UTC |
Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 189 km*Apogee: 233 km*Inclination: 51.7°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
7.91 |
| Salyut 7 - EP-2 | Leonid Popov Leonid Popov Leonid Ivanovich Popov is a former Soviet cosmonaut.Popov was born in Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970, and flew as Commander on Soyuz 35, Soyuz 40 and Soyuz T-7, logging 200 days, 14 hours, and 45 minutes in space before his... , Aleksandr Serebrov Aleksandr Serebrov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He was born in Moscow, on February 15, 1944, graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , and was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. He retired on May 10, 1995... , Svetlana Savitskaya Svetlana Savitskaya Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.She was twice awarded the Hero... |
August 19, 1982 17:11:52 UTC |
Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7 -Backup crew:Mission parameters:*Mass: 6,850 kg*Perigee: 289 km*Apogee: 299 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 90.3 minutes... |
August 27, 1982 15:04:16 UTC |
Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 190 km*Apogee: 231 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 89.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
7.91 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-2 | Vladimir Lyakhov Vladimir Lyakhov Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov , Ukrainian SSR), Soviet Union on July 20, 1941) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union.... , Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov , born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union .... |
June 27, 1983 09:12:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-9 Soyuz T-9 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 201 km*Apogee: 229 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:4th expedition to Salyut 7... |
November 23, 1983 19:58:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-9 Soyuz T-9 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 201 km*Apogee: 229 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:4th expedition to Salyut 7... |
149.45 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-3 | Leonid Kizim Leonid Kizim Leonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union .... , Vladimir Solovyov Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union .... , Oleg Atkov Oleg Atkov Oleg Yur'yevich At'kov is a Soviet cosmonaut. He is married with one child.... |
February 8, 1984 12:07:26 UTC |
Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 199 km*Apogee: 219 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:Fifth expedition to Salyut 7. Visited by 6th and 7th expeditions.... |
October 2, 1984 10:57:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 195 km*Apogee: 224 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
236.95 |
| Salyut 7 - EP-3 | Yuri Malyshev Yuri Malyshev Yury Vasilyevich Malyshev was born in the village Nikolayevsk, Stalingrad Oblast , USSR on August 27, 1941. Studied in Taganrog's high school N24, 1949-1959. Married with two children. Selected as a cosmonaut on May 7, 1967. Retired on July 20, 1988... , Gennady Strekalov Gennady Strekalov Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov was an Instructor-Test-Cosmonaut and Department Head at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia. He has been decorated twice as Hero of the Soviet Union... , Rakesh Sharma Rakesh Sharma Wing commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, is a former Indian Air Force test pilot, and Cosmonaut aboard Soyuz T-11 as part of an Intercosmos Research Team... - India |
April 3, 1984 13:08:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 195 km*Apogee: 224 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
April 11, 1984 10:48:48 UTC |
Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 199 km*Apogee: 219 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:Fifth expedition to Salyut 7. Visited by 6th and 7th expeditions.... |
7.90 |
| Salyut 7 - EP-4 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh... , Svetlana Savitskaya Svetlana Savitskaya Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.She was twice awarded the Hero... , Igor Volk Igor Volk Igor Petrovich Volk was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union. He is married and has two children.Igor Volk was selected as a cosmonaut on July 30, 1980, flew as Research Cosmonaut on Soyuz T-12, the 7th expedition to Salyut 7... |
July 17, 1984 17:40:54 UTC |
Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. The name "Soyuz T-12" is also the name of the spacecraft used to launch and land the mission's three person crew. The mission occurred in July 1984, during the long-duration expedition Salyut 7 EO-3... |
July 29, 1984 12:55:30 UTC |
Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. The name "Soyuz T-12" is also the name of the spacecraft used to launch and land the mission's three person crew. The mission occurred in July 1984, during the long-duration expedition Salyut 7 EO-3... |
11.80 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-4-1a | Viktor Savinykh Viktor Savinykh Viktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. Retired on February 9, 1989.Flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5.... |
June 6, 1985 06:39:52 UTC |
Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06... |
November 21, 1985 10:31:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-14 Soyuz T-14 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
168.16 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-4-1b | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh... |
June 6, 1985 06:39:52 UTC |
Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06... |
September 26, 1985 09:51:58 UTC |
Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06... |
112.13 |
| Salyut 7 - EP-5 | Georgi Grechko Georgi Grechko Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights among which Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14.Grechko graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics with a doctorate in mathematics. He was a member of Communist Party of Soviet Union... |
September 17, 1985 12:38:52 UTC |
Soyuz T-14 Soyuz T-14 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
September 26, 1985 09:51:58 UTC |
Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06... |
8.88 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-4-2 | Vladimir Vasyutin Vladimir Vasyutin Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin was a Soviet cosmonaut.He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978... , Alexander Volkov Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov (cosmonaut) Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov is a Russian cosmonaut.At the age of 13, Volkov witnessed Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space and this inspired him to become a cosmonaut... |
September 17, 1985 12:38:52 UTC |
Soyuz T-14 Soyuz T-14 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
November 21, 1985 10:31:00 UTC |
Soyuz T-14 Soyuz T-14 -Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:... |
64.91 |
| Salyut 7 - EO-5 | Leonid Kizim Leonid Kizim Leonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union .... , Vladimir Solovyov Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union .... |
March 13, 1986 12:33:09 UTC |
Soyuz T-15 Soyuz T-15 - Backup crew :- Mission parameters :* Mass: 6850 kg* Perigee: 331 km* Apogee: 366 km* Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 91.5 minutes- Mission highlights :Soyuz T-15 was the first expedition to Mir.... |
July 16, 1986 12:34:05 UTC |
Soyuz T-15 Soyuz T-15 - Backup crew :- Mission parameters :* Mass: 6850 kg* Perigee: 331 km* Apogee: 366 km* Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 91.5 minutes- Mission highlights :Soyuz T-15 was the first expedition to Mir.... |
125.00 50 on S7 |
Spacewalks
| Spacecraft | Spacewalker | Start - UTC | End - UTC | Duration | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salyut 7 - PE-1 - EVA 1 | Lebedev & Berezevoi | July 30, 1982, 02:39 |
July 30, 1982, 05:12 |
2 h, 33 min | Retrieve experiments |
| Salyut 7 - PE-2 - EVA 1 | Lyakhov & Alexandrov | Nomember 1, 1983, 04:47 |
Nomember 1, 1983, 07:36 |
2 h, 50 min | Add solar array |
| Salyut 7 - PE-2 - EVA 2 | Lyakhov & Alexandrov | November 3, 1983, 03:47 |
November 3, 1983, 06:62 |
2 h, 55 min | Add solar array |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 1 | Kizim & Solovyov | April 23, 1984, 04:31 |
April 23, 1984, 08:46 |
4 h, 20 min | ODU repair |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 2 | Kizim & Solovyov | April 26, 1984, 02:40 |
April 26, 1984, 07:40 |
4 h, 56 min | Repair ODU |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 3 | Kizim & Solovyov | April 29, 1984, 01:35 |
April 29, 1984, 04:20 |
2 h, 45 min | Repair ODU |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 4 | Kizim & Solovyov | May 3, 1984, 23:15 |
May 4, 1984, 02:00 |
2 h, 45 min | Repair ODU |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 5 | Kizim & Solovyov | May 18, 1984, 17:52 |
May 18, 1984, 20:57 |
3 h, 05 min | Add solar array |
| Salyut 7 - VE-4 - EVA 1 | Savitskaya & Dzhanibekov | July 25, 1984, 14:55 |
July 25, 1984, 18:29 |
3 h, 35 min | First woman EVA |
| Salyut 7 - PE-3 - EVA 6 | Kizim & Solovyov | August 8, 1984, 08:46 |
August 8, 1984, 13:46 |
5 h, 00 min | Complete ODU repair |
| Salyut 7 - PE-4 - EVA 1 | Dzhanibekov & Savinykh | August 2, 1985, 07:15 |
August 2, 1985, 12:15 |
5 h, 00 min | Augment solar arrays |
| Salyut 7 - PE-6 - EVA 1 | Kizim & Solovyov | May 28, 1986, 05:43 |
May 28, 1986, 09:33 |
3 h, 50 min | Test truss, retrieve samples |
| Salyut 7 - PE-6 - EVA 2 | Kizim & Solovyov | May 31, 1986, 04:57 |
May 31, 1986, 09:57 |
5 h, 00 min | Test truss |
Specifications
Specifications of the baseline 1982 Salyut 7 module, from Mir Hardware Heritage (1995, NASA RP1357):- Length - about 16 m
- Maximum diameter - 4.15 m
- Habitable volume - 90 m³
- Weight at launch - 19,824 kg
- Launch vehicle - Proton rocketProton rocketProton is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russian government space launches. The first Proton rocket was launched in 1965 and the launch system is still in use as of 2011, which makes it one of the most successful heavy boosters in the history of spaceflight...
(three-stage) - Orbital inclination - 51.6°
- Span across solar arrays - 17 m
- Area of solar arrays - 51 m²
- Number of solar arrays - 3
- Electricity available - 4.5 kW
- Resupply carriers - Soyuz-TSoyuz-TThe Soyuz-T spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport...
, Progress, TKS spacecraftTKS spacecraftTKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use... - Docking System - IglaIgla (spacecraft docking system)The IGLA docking system was a Russian radio telemetry system for automated docking of Soyuz . The first prototypes were made in late 1965. On 30 October 1967, the first automated docking of Soyuz unmanned spacecraft took place.-Problems:...
or manual approach - Number of docking ports - 2
- Total manned missions - 12
- Total unmanned missions - 15
- Total long-duration missions - 6
- Number of main engines - 2
- Main engine thrust (each) - 300 kg
Visiting spacecraft and crews
(Launched crews. Spacecraft launch and landing dates listed.)- Soyuz T-5Soyuz T-5-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 190 km*Apogee: 231 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 89.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
- May 13 - August 27, 1982- Anatoli BerezovoyAnatoli BerezovoyAnatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy is a former Soviet cosmonaut.Berezovoy was born on April 11, 1942 in Enem, Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Russian SFSR in a Ukrainian family. He is married with two children. He graduated from the Air Force AcademyHe was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970. He...
- Valentin LebedevValentin LebedevValentin Vitaljevich Lebedev was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records....
- Anatoli Berezovoy
- Soyuz T-6Soyuz T-6-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 189 km*Apogee: 233 km*Inclination: 51.7°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
- June 24 - July 2, 1982 - Intercosmos Flight- Vladimir DzhanibekovVladimir DzhanibekovVladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh...
- Aleksandr IvanchenkovAleksandr IvanchenkovAleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 29 and Soyuz T-6, he spent 147 days, 12 hours and 37 minutes in space....
- Jean-Loup ChrétienJean-Loup ChrétienJean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien, is a French engineer, a retired Général de Brigade in the Armée de l'Air , and a former CNES astronaut. He flew on two Franco-Soviet space missions and a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
- France
- Vladimir Dzhanibekov
- Soyuz T-7Soyuz T-7-Backup crew:Mission parameters:*Mass: 6,850 kg*Perigee: 289 km*Apogee: 299 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 90.3 minutes...
- August 19 - December 10, 1982- Leonid PopovLeonid PopovLeonid Ivanovich Popov is a former Soviet cosmonaut.Popov was born in Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970, and flew as Commander on Soyuz 35, Soyuz 40 and Soyuz T-7, logging 200 days, 14 hours, and 45 minutes in space before his...
- Aleksandr SerebrovAleksandr SerebrovAleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He was born in Moscow, on February 15, 1944, graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , and was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. He retired on May 10, 1995...
- Svetlana SavitskayaSvetlana SavitskayaSvetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.She was twice awarded the Hero...
- Leonid Popov
- Soyuz T-8Soyuz T-8-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 200 km*Apogee: 230 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:...
- April 20 - 22, 1982 - Failed docking- Vladimir TitovVladimir TitovVladimir Georgiyevich Titov , Colonel, Russian Air Force, Ret., and former Russian cosmonaut was born January 1, 1947, in Sretensk, in the Zabaykalsky Krai region of Russia. He is married to the former Alexandra Kozlova of Ivanovo Region, Russia...
- Gennady StrekalovGennady StrekalovGennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov was an Instructor-Test-Cosmonaut and Department Head at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia. He has been decorated twice as Hero of the Soviet Union...
- Aleksandr SerebrovAleksandr SerebrovAleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He was born in Moscow, on February 15, 1944, graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , and was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. He retired on May 10, 1995...
- Vladimir Titov
- Soyuz T-9Soyuz T-9-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 201 km*Apogee: 229 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.6 minutes-Mission highlights:4th expedition to Salyut 7...
- June 27 - November 23, 1983- Vladimir LyakhovVladimir LyakhovVladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov , Ukrainian SSR), Soviet Union on July 20, 1941) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union....
- Alexander AlexandrovAleksandr Pavlovich AleksandrovAleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov , born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
- Vladimir Lyakhov
- Soyuz T-10-1Soyuz T-10-1-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: N/A*Apogee: N/A*Inclination: N/A*Period: N/A-Mission highlights:...
- September 26, 1983 - Launch abort- Vladimir TitovVladimir TitovVladimir Georgiyevich Titov , Colonel, Russian Air Force, Ret., and former Russian cosmonaut was born January 1, 1947, in Sretensk, in the Zabaykalsky Krai region of Russia. He is married to the former Alexandra Kozlova of Ivanovo Region, Russia...
- Gennady StrekalovGennady StrekalovGennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov was an Instructor-Test-Cosmonaut and Department Head at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia. He has been decorated twice as Hero of the Soviet Union...
- Vladimir Titov
- Soyuz T-10Soyuz T-10-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 199 km*Apogee: 219 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:Fifth expedition to Salyut 7. Visited by 6th and 7th expeditions....
- February 8 - April 11, 1984- Leonid KizimLeonid KizimLeonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
- Vladimir SolovyevVladimir Alekseyevich SolovyovVladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
- Oleg AtkovOleg AtkovOleg Yur'yevich At'kov is a Soviet cosmonaut. He is married with one child....
- Leonid Kizim
- TKS 2TKS spacecraftTKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use...
- March 4 - August 14, 1983 - Launched unmanned as Cosmos 1443.
- Soyuz T-11Soyuz T-11-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass: 6850 kg*Perigee: 195 km*Apogee: 224 km*Inclination: 51.6°*Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
- April 3 - October 2, 1984 - Intercosmos Flight- Yuri MalyshevYuri MalyshevYury Vasilyevich Malyshev was born in the village Nikolayevsk, Stalingrad Oblast , USSR on August 27, 1941. Studied in Taganrog's high school N24, 1949-1959. Married with two children. Selected as a cosmonaut on May 7, 1967. Retired on July 20, 1988...
- Gennady StrekalovGennady StrekalovGennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov was an Instructor-Test-Cosmonaut and Department Head at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia. He has been decorated twice as Hero of the Soviet Union...
- Rakesh SharmaRakesh SharmaWing commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, is a former Indian Air Force test pilot, and Cosmonaut aboard Soyuz T-11 as part of an Intercosmos Research Team...
- India
- Yuri Malyshev
- Soyuz T-12Soyuz T-12Soyuz T-12 was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. The name "Soyuz T-12" is also the name of the spacecraft used to launch and land the mission's three person crew. The mission occurred in July 1984, during the long-duration expedition Salyut 7 EO-3...
- July 17 - 29, 1984- Vladimir DzhanibekovVladimir DzhanibekovVladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh...
- Svetlana SavitskayaSvetlana SavitskayaSvetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.She was twice awarded the Hero...
- Igor VolkIgor VolkIgor Petrovich Volk was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union. He is married and has two children.Igor Volk was selected as a cosmonaut on July 30, 1980, flew as Research Cosmonaut on Soyuz T-12, the 7th expedition to Salyut 7...
- Vladimir Dzhanibekov
- Soyuz T-13Soyuz T-13Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Salyut 7. The eighth expedition to the orbital station, the mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:39:52 UTC on 1985-06-06...
- June 6 - September 26, 1985- Vladimir DzhanibekovVladimir DzhanibekovVladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.He was born in the remote area of Iskandar in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. He changed his surname from Krysin when he married to honor his wife's family, which was noble kin of the descendants of the medieval Kazakh...
- Viktor SavinykhViktor SavinykhViktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. Retired on February 9, 1989.Flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5....
- Vladimir Dzhanibekov
- Soyuz T-14Soyuz T-14-Backup crew:-Mission parameters:* Mass: * Perigee: * Apogee: * Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 88.7 minutes-Mission highlights:...
- September 17 - November 21, 1985- Vladimir VasyutinVladimir VasyutinVladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin was a Soviet cosmonaut.He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978...
- Georgi GrechkoGeorgi GrechkoGeorgy Mikhaylovich Grechko is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights among which Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14.Grechko graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics with a doctorate in mathematics. He was a member of Communist Party of Soviet Union...
- Alexander VolkovAlexander Alexandrovich Volkov (cosmonaut)Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov is a Russian cosmonaut.At the age of 13, Volkov witnessed Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space and this inspired him to become a cosmonaut...
- Vladimir Vasyutin
- TKS 3TKS spacecraftTKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use...
- September, 1985 - February 7, 1991 - Launched unmanned as Cosmos 1686. Featured a high-resolution photo apparatus and optical sensor experiments (infrared telescope and Ozon spectrometer).
- Soyuz T-15Soyuz T-15- Backup crew :- Mission parameters :* Mass: 6850 kg* Perigee: 331 km* Apogee: 366 km* Inclination: 51.6°* Period: 91.5 minutes- Mission highlights :Soyuz T-15 was the first expedition to Mir....
- March 13 - July 16, 1986 - Also visited Mir- Leonid KizimLeonid KizimLeonid Denisovich Kizim was a Soviet cosmonaut who was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
- Vladimir SolovyevVladimir Alekseyevich SolovyovVladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union ....
- Leonid Kizim
See also
- SalyutSalyutThe Salyut program was the first space station program undertaken by the Soviet Union, which consisted of a series of nine space stations launched over a period of eleven years from 1971 to 1982...
- TKS spacecraftTKS spacecraftTKS spacecraft was a Soviet spacecraft design in the late 1960s intended to supply the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for manned or autonomous cargo resupply use...
- AlmazAlmazThe Almaz program was a series of military space stations launched by the Soviet Union under cover of the civilian Salyut DOS-17K program after 1971....
- MirMirMir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
- SkylabSkylabSkylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of...
- International Space StationInternational Space StationThe International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
- List of spacewalks
External links
- http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1982-033A
- Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format)