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Saint-Malo (; Gallo
Gallo language

Gallo is a languages of France. Gallo is a Romance language, one of the Langues d'o?l. It is spoken in Brittany and the west of France along the border with Normandy....
: Saent-Malô) is a walled port city in Brittany
Brittany

Brittany is a former independent Celtic nations monarchy and duchy, now incorporated into France. It is also, more generally, the name of the cultural area whose limits correspond to the historic province and independent duchy....
 in northwestern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 on the English Channel
English Channel

The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....
. It is a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine

Ille-et-Vilaine is a departments of France of France, located in the regions of France of Bretagne in the northwest of the country....
 department.

population can increase to up to 200,000 in the summer tourist season. With the suburbs included, the population is about 135,000.

The population of the commune more than doubled in 1968 with the merging of three communes: Saint-Malo, Saint-Servan (population 14,963 in 1962), and Paramé (population 8811 in 1962).

Inhabitants of Saint-Malo are called Malouins, Malouines.

007, 0,7% of the children attended the bilingual schools in primary education.

t-Malo during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 was a fortified island at the mouth of the Rance River
Rance River

The Rance is a river of northwestern France. It flows into the English Channel between Dinard and Saint-Malo.Before reaching the Channel, its waters are barred by a 750 metre long dam forming the Rance tidal power plant....
, controlling not only the estuary
Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
 but the open sea beyond.






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Saint-Malo (; Gallo
Gallo language

Gallo is a languages of France. Gallo is a Romance language, one of the Langues d'o?l. It is spoken in Brittany and the west of France along the border with Normandy....
: Saent-Malô) is a walled port city in Brittany
Brittany

Brittany is a former independent Celtic nations monarchy and duchy, now incorporated into France. It is also, more generally, the name of the cultural area whose limits correspond to the historic province and independent duchy....
 in northwestern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 on the English Channel
English Channel

The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....
. It is a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine

Ille-et-Vilaine is a departments of France of France, located in the regions of France of Bretagne in the northwest of the country....
 department.

Demographics

The population can increase to up to 200,000 in the summer tourist season. With the suburbs included, the population is about 135,000.

The population of the commune more than doubled in 1968 with the merging of three communes: Saint-Malo, Saint-Servan (population 14,963 in 1962), and Paramé (population 8811 in 1962).

Inhabitants of Saint-Malo are called Malouins, Malouines.

Breton language

In 2007, 0,7% of the children attended the bilingual schools in primary education.

History

Saint-Malo during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 was a fortified island at the mouth of the Rance River
Rance River

The Rance is a river of northwestern France. It flows into the English Channel between Dinard and Saint-Malo.Before reaching the Channel, its waters are barred by a 750 metre long dam forming the Rance tidal power plant....
, controlling not only the estuary
Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
 but the open sea beyond. The promontory fort
Promontory fort

A promontory fort is a fortification located above a steep cliff, often only connected to the mainland by a small neck of land, thus utilizing the topography to reduce the ramparts needed....
 of Aleth, south of the modern centre in what is now the Saint-Servan
Saint-Servan

Saint-Servan is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the Ferry port of St Malo.It is renowned for its lovely shops and restaurants....
 district, commanded approaches to the Rance even before the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
, but modern Saint-Malo traces its origins to a monastic settlement founded by Saint Aaron
Saint Aaron

Saint Aaron of Aleth was a mid-sixth century hermit, monk and abbot at a monastery on C?zembre, a small island near Aleth, opposite Saint-Malo in Brittany, France....
 and Saint Brendan early in the 6th century. Its name is derived from a man said to have been a follower of Brendan, Saint Malo
Saint Malo (saint)

Saint Malo was the mid-6th century founder of Saint-Malo in Brittany, France. He is one of the seven founding saints of Brittany.Details of Malo's career are preserved in three Middle Ages 'Lives' which seem to include incidents associated with several different people of similar names....
.

Saint-Malo had a tradition of asserting its autonomy in dealings with the French authorities and even with the local Breton authorities. From 1490–1493, Saint-Malo declared itself to be an independent republic
Republic

A republic is a state or country that is not led by a hereditary monarch but in which the people have an impact on its government. The word originates from the Latin term res publica....
, taking the motto "not French, not Breton, but Malouins".

Saint-Malo became notorious as the home of the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates. (In the nineteenth century the city's "piratical" notoriety was portrayed in Jean Richepin
Jean Richepin

Jean Richepin , France poet, novelist and dramatist, the son of an army doctor, was born at Medea, Algeria .At school and at the ?cole Normale Sup?rieure he gave evidence of brilliant, if somewhat undisciplined, powers, for which he found physical vent in different directions--first as a franc-tireur in the Franco-German War, and afterward...
's play Le flibustier and in César Cui
César Cui

C?sar Antonovich Cui was a Russian of France and Lithuanian descent. His profession was as an army Officer and a teacher of fortifications; his avocational life has particular significance in the history of music, in that he was a composer and Music journalism; in this sideline he is known as a member of The Five, the group of Russian com...
's like-named opera derived therefrom
Le Flibustier (opera)

Le flibustier is a com?die lyrique in three acts, composed by C?sar Cui during 1888-1889. Although the title can translate as The Pirate or The Buccaneer, this is no swashbuckling action-drama, but an idyllic domestic comedy of mistaken identity....
.) The corsairs of Saint-Malo not only forced English ships passing up the Channel to pay tribute, but also brought wealth from further afield. Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he Name of Canada", after the Iroquoian languages word the local natives used for the two big St....
, who sailed the Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River

Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
 and visited the sites of Quebec City
Quebec City

Qu?bec or Quebec, also Quebec City or Qu?bec City , is the Capital of the Canada Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region....
 and Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
 — and is thus credited as the discoverer of Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, lived in and sailed from Saint-Malo, as did the first colonists to settle the Falklands
Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located from the coast of Argentina, west of the Shag Rocks , and north of the British Antarctic Territory ....
 – hence the islands' French name Îles Malouines, which gave rise to the Spanish
Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
 name Islas Malvinas.

The commune of Saint-Servan
Saint-Servan

Saint-Servan is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the Ferry port of St Malo.It is renowned for its lovely shops and restaurants....
 was merged, together with Paramé
Paramé

Param? is a former town and commune of France on the north coast of Britanny . The town merged with Saint-Servan into the commune of Saint-Malo in 1967....
, and became the commune of Saint-Malo in 1967.

Saint Malo was the site of an Anglo
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
-French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 summit in 1998 which lead to a significant agreement regarding European defence policy
European Security and Defence Policy

The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy three pillars of the European Union of the European Union and is the domain of EU policy covering defence and military aspects....
.

Food

Saint-Malo has one of the highest concentration of sea food restaurants in Europe. It is famous for its local oysters from the nearby village of Cancale.

Transport

Saint-Malo is a terminal for a ferry service to Portsmouth
Portsmouth

Portsmouth city status in the United Kingdom located in the Counties of England of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is the UK's only island city and is located on Portsea Island....
 in England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 via the Channel Islands
Channel Islands

The Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel, off the France coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey....
. It also has a railway station offering direct TGV
TGV

The TGV is France's high-speed rail service. It was developed during the 1970s by GEC-Alsthom and SNCF, the French national rail transport operations, and is now operated primarily by SNCF....
 service to Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
 and several links to Guernsey
Guernsey

The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British Isles Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.As well as the island of Guernsey itself, it also includes Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, Burhou, Lihou and other islets....
 and Jersey
Jersey

The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes the nearly uninhabited islands of the Minquiers, ?cr?hous, the Pierres de Lecq and other rocks and reefs....
 in the Channel Islands
Channel Islands

The Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel, off the France coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey....
 via a fast ferry catamaran
Catamaran

A catamaran is a type of multihulled boat or ship consisting of two hull s, or Vaka s, joined by some structure, the most basic being a frame, formed of Aka s....
 service.

Sites of interest


Now inseparably attached to the mainland
Mainland

Mainland is usually the continental part of a region, as opposed to the islands nearby. Sometimes the residents are called "the Mainlanders". As a result of the usually larger area of mainland, there are significantly more mainlanders than islanders, and mainlander culture and politics sometimes threaten to dominate those of the islands....
, Saint-Malo is the most visited place in Brittany. Sites of interest include:

  • The walled city (La Ville Intra-Muros)
  • The château
    Château

    A ch?teau is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor or a country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally - and still most frequently - in French language-speaking regions....
     of Saint-Malo, part of which is now the town museum.
  • The Solidor Tower
    Solidor Tower

    Solidor Tower is a strengthened keep with three linked towers, located in the estuary of the river Rance in Brittany.It was built between 1369 and 1382 by duke Jean IV de Bretagne, to control access to the Rance at a time when the city of Saint-Malo did not recognize his authority....
     in Saint-Servan
    Saint-Servan

    Saint-Servan is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the Ferry port of St Malo.It is renowned for its lovely shops and restaurants....
     is a fourteenth century building which holds a collection tracing the history of voyages around Cape Horn
    Cape Horn

    Cape Horn island is the southernmost Headlands and bays of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile.Cape Horn is widely considered to be the most southerly point of South America, and marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage; for many years it was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried tr...
    . Many scale models, nautical instruments and objects made by the sailor
    Sailor

    A sailor or mariner is a person who navigates ships or assists in their operation, maintenance, or service. The term can apply to professional mariners, military personnel, and recreational sailors as well as a plethora of other uses....
    s during their crossing or brought back from foreign ports invoke thoughts of travel aboard extraordinary tall ship
    Tall ship

    A tall ship is a large traditionally rigging sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques....
    s at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
  • The tomb of the writer Chateaubriand
    François-René de Chateaubriand

    Fran?ois-Ren?, vicomte de Chateaubriand was a France writer, France during the 19th century. He is considered the founder of Romanticism in French literature....
     on the Ile du Grand Bé
    Grand Bé

    Grand B? is a tidal island near Saint-Malo, France. It is located at the mouth of the Rance River, a few hundred meters from the walls of Saint-Malo....
  • The Petit Bé
    Petit Bé

    Petit B? is a tidal island near Saint-Malo, France, close to the larger island of Grand B?. At low tide the island can be reached on foot from the nearby Bon-Secours beach....
  • The Cathedral
    Cathedral

    A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop. It is a Religion building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic Church, Anglicanism, Orthodox Christian and some Lutheranism churches, which serves as a bishop's seat, and thus as the central church of a dioc...
     of St. Vincent
    Vincent Ferrer

    Vincent Ferrer was a Kingdom of Valencia Dominican Order missionary and logician. Vincent was the fourth child of the Anglo-Scottish nobleman William Stewart Ferrer and his Spanish wife, Constantia Miguel.....
  • The Privateer's House ("La Demeure de Corsaire"), a ship-owner's town house built in 1725, shows objects from the history of privateering, weaponry and ship models.


Personalities

Saint-Malo was the birthplace of:
  • Jacques Cartier
    Jacques Cartier

    Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he Name of Canada", after the Iroquoian languages word the local natives used for the two big St....
     (1491-1557), explorer
    List of explorers

    This list of explorers is sorted by surname. See also the links #See also.A B C D E F G ...
     of Canada
    Canada

    Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
  • Philippe Cattiau
    Philippe Cattiau

    Philippe Cattiau was a French fencer who won a total of eight Olympic medals between 1920 and 1936.He was born in Saint-Malo in Brittany.A stadium in the Paris suburb of Villeneuve-la-Garenne now bears his name....
     (1892-1962), Olympic medalist
    List of multiple Olympic gold medalists

    The page lists individuals who have won multiple gold medals at the Olympics....
     in fencing
    Fencing

    Fencing is a family of sports and activities that feature armed combat involving cutting, stabbing, or slapping Club ing weapons that are directly manipulated by hand, rather than shot, thrown or positioned....
  • Jacques Gouin de Beauchene
    Jacques Gouin de Beauchene

    Jacques Gouin de Beauch?ne was a French people explorer. His name is also spelled as Beauchesne. He was born in Saint-Malo in Brittany, and died there at 78 years of age....
     (1652-1730), explorer
    List of explorers

    This list of explorers is sorted by surname. See also the links #See also.A B C D E F G ...
     of the Falkland Islands
    Falkland Islands

    The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located from the coast of Argentina, west of the Shag Rocks , and north of the British Antarctic Territory ....
  • Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759), mathematician
    Mathematician

    A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
     and astronomer
    Astronomer

    An astronomer is a scientist who studies Celestial body such as planets, stars, and Galaxy.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws....
  • Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais
    Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais

    Bertrand-Fran?ois Mah? de La Bourdonnais was a France naval officer and administrator, in the service of the French East India Company....
     (1699-1753), sailor and administrator
  • François-René de Chateaubriand
    François-René de Chateaubriand

    Fran?ois-Ren?, vicomte de Chateaubriand was a France writer, France during the 19th century. He is considered the founder of Romanticism in French literature....
     (1768-1848), writer and diplomat
  • Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne
    Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne

    Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne was a France explorer. He was born in Saint Malo and joined the French East India Company at the age of 11 as a sub-lieutenant aboard the French ship Duc de Bourgogne ....
     (1724-1772), explorer
  • Robert Surcouf
    Robert Surcouf

    Robert Surcouf was a famous French corsair. During his legendary career, he captured 47 ships and was renowned for his gallantry and chivalry, earning the nickname of Roi des Corsaires ....
     (1773-1827), sailor
    Sailor

    A sailor or mariner is a person who navigates ships or assists in their operation, maintenance, or service. The term can apply to professional mariners, military personnel, and recreational sailors as well as a plethora of other uses....
    , trader
    Merchant

    Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit....
    , ship-owner
    Ship-owner

    A shipowner is the owner of a commercial ship.In the commercial sense of the term, a shipowner is someone who equips and exploits a ship, usually for delivering cargo at a certain freight rate, either as a per freight rate or based on hire ....
     and corsair
    Corsair

    Corsairs were French privateers from the north-western French port of Saint-Malo, located on the northern coast of Brittany. Since the corsairs gained a swashbuckling reputation, the word corsair is also used generically as a more romantic or flamboyant version of the word privateer, or even of the word pirate....
  • Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais
    Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais

    Hugues Felicit? Robert de Lamennais, also known as Fr?d?ric de La Mennais , was a France priest, and philosophical and political writer....
     (1782-1854), priest, philosophical and political writer
  • Louis Duchesne
    Louis Duchesne

    Abb? Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne was a France priest, philology, teacher and a critical historian of Christianity and Roman Catholic liturgy and institutions....
     (1843-1922), historian, French academician
  • Colin Clive
    Colin Clive

    Colin Clive was a Great Britain stage and screen actor best remembered for his portrayal of Dr. Frankenstein in James Whale's two Universal Studios Frankenstein films Frankenstein and Bride of Frankenstein....
     (1900-1937), actor


Twin towns

Port-Louis, Mauritius
Mauritius

Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius, , is an island nation off the coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres east of Madagascar....
 (1999)

Gallery


See also

  • Saint-Servan
    Saint-Servan

    Saint-Servan is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the Ferry port of St Malo.It is renowned for its lovely shops and restaurants....
  • Rothéneuf
    Rothéneuf

    Roth?neuf is a village in the north of France, situated north-east from Saint-Malo, about five kilometres alongside the coast. Administratively, it is part of the communes of France of Saint-Malo, in the d?partements of France of Ille-et-Vilaine....
  • Mont-Saint-Michel
  • Battle for Brest
    Battle for Brest

    The Battle for Brest was one of the fiercest battles fought during Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout of Normandy which began on 27 July 1944, during the Battle of Normandy during World War II....
  • Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department


External links

  • Images and information