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Saifuddin Kitchlew (January 15, 1888 - October 9, 1963) was an India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n freedom fighter
Freedom fighter

"Freedom fighter" is a term for those engaged in an armed struggle, the main cause of which is to achieve, in their or their supporters' view, freedom for themselves or obtain freedom for others....
 and a Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n nationalist leader.

uddin Kitchlew was born to Azizuddin Kitchlew and Dan Bibi on January 15, 1888, in Amritsar
Amritsar

Amritsar is located in the northwestern part of India and is the administrative headquarters of Amritsar district in the States and territories of India of Punjab, India, India....
, Punjab
Punjab region

Punjab , also Panjab , is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. The "Five Rivers" are Beas River, Ravi River, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum River; all these are tributaries of the Indus river, Jhelum being the biggest one....
. Kitchlew went to school in India, but obtained a B.A. from Cambridge University
University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge , located in Cambridge, England, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation university in the Anglosphere....
, and a Ph.D. from a German university, and began practising law in India. In 1919, he was elected the Municipal Commissioner of the city of Amritsar.

Kitchlew was first exposed to Indian nationalism
Indian nationalism

Indian Nationalism describes the many underlying forces that moulded the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society....
 when the whole country was outraged by the Rowlatt Acts.






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Saifuddin Kitchlew (January 15, 1888 - October 9, 1963) was an India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n freedom fighter
Freedom fighter

"Freedom fighter" is a term for those engaged in an armed struggle, the main cause of which is to achieve, in their or their supporters' view, freedom for themselves or obtain freedom for others....
 and a Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n nationalist leader.

Early life

Saifuddin Kitchlew was born to Azizuddin Kitchlew and Dan Bibi on January 15, 1888, in Amritsar
Amritsar

Amritsar is located in the northwestern part of India and is the administrative headquarters of Amritsar district in the States and territories of India of Punjab, India, India....
, Punjab
Punjab region

Punjab , also Panjab , is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. The "Five Rivers" are Beas River, Ravi River, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum River; all these are tributaries of the Indus river, Jhelum being the biggest one....
. Kitchlew went to school in India, but obtained a B.A. from Cambridge University
University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge , located in Cambridge, England, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation university in the Anglosphere....
, and a Ph.D. from a German university, and began practising law in India. In 1919, he was elected the Municipal Commissioner of the city of Amritsar.

Jallianwala Bagh

Dr. Kitchlew was first exposed to Indian nationalism
Indian nationalism

Indian Nationalism describes the many underlying forces that moulded the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society....
 when the whole country was outraged by the Rowlatt Acts. Kitchlew was arrested with Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha?resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non-violence?which led India to Indian independence movement and inspired movements for civi...
 and Dr. Satyapal for leading protests in Punjab against the legislation. To protest the arrest of the trio, a public meeting had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh
Jallianwala Bagh

Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar city in Punjab province of India, and houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 to commemorate the murder of up to 2,000 peaceful demonstrators on occasion of Punjabi New Year on April 13, 1919 in Jallianwala Bagh Massacre....
, when Gen. Reginald Dyer
Reginald Dyer

Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer Order of the Bath was a British Indian Army officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre....
 and his troops fired mercilessly upon the unarmed, civilian crowd. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more injured. This act, the worst case of civilian massacre since the Indian rebellion of 1857
Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of British Honourable East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pr...
 outraged the nation, and riots broke out all throughout the Punjab
Punjab region

Punjab , also Panjab , is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. The "Five Rivers" are Beas River, Ravi River, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum River; all these are tributaries of the Indus river, Jhelum being the biggest one....
.

Leader

Kitchlew rose in the Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress

Indian National Congress-I is a major political party in India. Founded in 1885 by Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Edulji Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, Allan Octavian Hume, and William Wedderburn, the Indian National Congress became the leader of the Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million memb...
, first heading its Punjab unit, and then rising to the post of AICC
AICC

The acronym AICC could refer to:*The , a music competition open to young musicians of the world.*the All India Congress Committee, the central presidium of the Congress Party...
 General Secretary, an important executive position in 1924. Kitchlew was also the chairman of the reception committee of the Congress session in Lahore
Lahore

is the capital of the Pakistani Subdivisions of Pakistan of Punjab and is the List of most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan city in Pakistan after Karachi....
 in 1929-30, where on January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress declared Indian independence and inaugurated an era of civil disobedience and revolution aimed to achieve full independence.

Kithclew was also a founding leader of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha , which rallied hundreds of thousands of students and young Indians to nationalist causes. He was also among the principal founders of Jamia Millia Islamia
Jamia Millia Islamia

Jamia Millia Islamia is an Indian Central University located in Delhi. It was originally established at Aligarh in United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, India in 1920....
.

Throughout the 1930-1934 struggles, Kitchlew was repeatedly arrested.

Post Independence

Dr. Kitchlew was opposed to the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan and later in the 1940s became President of the Punjab Congress Committee. In 1947 he strongly opposed the acceptance of the Partition of India
Partition of India

File:Brit IndianEmpireReligions3.jpgThe Partition of India was the Partition of British India that led to the creation, on August 14, 1947 and August 15, 1947, respectively, of the Sovereignty states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India ....
 by the Congress Party. He spoke out against it at public meetings all over the country, and at the All India Congress Committee session that ultimately voted for the resolution. He called it a blatant "surrender of nationalism for communalism". Some years after partition and Independence, he left the Congress. He began to come closer to the Communist Party of India.

Dr. Kitchlew moved to Delhi
Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
 and spent the rest of his years working for closer political and diplomatic relations with the USSR
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
, and received the Lenin Award for International Peace
Lenin Peace Prize

File:Leninpeace b.jpgThe International Stalin Prize or the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples was the Soviet Union's equivalent to the Nobel Peace Prize....
. He died on October 9, 1963.

See also

  • Indian Independence Movement
    Indian independence movement

    The term Indian independence movement incorporates various national and regional campaigns, agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Revolutionary movement for Indian independence philosophy....
    , Indian Nationalism
    Indian nationalism

    Indian Nationalism describes the many underlying forces that moulded the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society....
    , Indian National Congress
    Indian National Congress

    Indian National Congress-I is a major political party in India. Founded in 1885 by Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Edulji Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, Allan Octavian Hume, and William Wedderburn, the Indian National Congress became the leader of the Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million memb...
  • Amritsar Massacre, Salt Satyagraha
    Salt Satyagraha

    The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12, 1930....
    , Partition of India
    Partition of India

    File:Brit IndianEmpireReligions3.jpgThe Partition of India was the Partition of British India that led to the creation, on August 14, 1947 and August 15, 1947, respectively, of the Sovereignty states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India ....


Muslim Indian Nationalists


Dr Syed Mahmud, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari

Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari was an Indian nationalist and political leader, and former president of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League during the Indian Independence Movement....
, Maulana Azad, Abbas Tyabji
Abbas Tyabji

Abbas Tyabji was an Freedom fighters of India from Gujarat, who once served as the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court. Mahatma Gandhi appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt Satyagraha in May, 1930 after Gandhi?s arrest....
, Hakim Ajmal Khan
Hakim Ajmal Khan

Ajmal Khan Hakim Ajmal Khan?s ancestors, a distinguished line of physicians, had come to India during the reign of Babar, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India....
, Asaf Ali
Asaf Ali

Asaf Ali was an Freedom fighters of India and noted Indian lawyer. He was the first ambassador from India to the Foreign relations of the United States....