Sahibzada Abdul Latif
Encyclopedia
Sahibzada Abdul Latif (1853 – July 14, 1903) was an Afghan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

 of Khost
Khost
Khost or Khowst is a city in eastern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Khost province, which is a mountainous region near Afghanistan's border with Pakistan...

. He was born in Sayed Ga of Tani
Tani
Tani may refer to:*Abotani a tribal group in Arunachal Pradesh, India*The Tani languages*Tani is a district in Khost Province, Afghanistan...

 District in Khost Province, Afghanistan in 1853, to Sahibzada Mohmmad Shareef. He had two brothers, Sahibzada Abdul Aziz and Sahibzada Abdul Haleef. He is often called the Sayyed-ul-Shuhada (leader of the Martyrs) within the Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious revivalist movement founded in India near the end of the 19th century, originating with the life and teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , who claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies about the world reformer of the end times, who was to herald the Eschaton as...

 community.

Sahibzada Abdul Latif was called Raees-e-Kabul (wealthiest of Kabul
Kabul
Kabul , spelt Caubul in some classic literatures, is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It is also the capital of the Kabul Province, located in the eastern section of Afghanistan...

). He used to own 400,000 kanals of land in Tani
Tani
Tani may refer to:*Abotani a tribal group in Arunachal Pradesh, India*The Tani languages*Tani is a district in Khost Province, Afghanistan...

 in Khost, and belonged to the village Sayed Ga. He was a learned man, and knew such languages as Arabic, Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...

, and Pushto. He had visited Hoshiarpur
Hoshiarpur
Hoshiarpur is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the fourth century. In 1809 it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united into the greater state of Punjab....

, and frequented Deoband
Deoband
Deoband is a city and a municipal board in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located in the upper Doab region of Uttar Pradesh. Deoband used to be surrounded by dense forests, and was believed to be the abode of the Goddess Durga, according to one tradition this is...

 Markaz in Hyderabad, India.

He was the Royal Advisor on the European influence in Afghanistan to both Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.The third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government in Kabul after the disarray that followed the second...

, 1880 to 1901, and to his son Amir Habibullah Khan, 1901–1919, the kings of Afghanistan. Sahibzada Abdul Latif was an eminent member of the Ulama
Ulama
-In Islam:* Ulema, also transliterated "ulama", a community of legal scholars of Islam and its laws . See:**Nahdlatul Ulama **Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama **Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal**Jamiat ul-Ulama -Other:...

 of Afghanistan. He had great influence on the kings of Afghanistan and its darbar
Darbar
Darbar may refer to:* A term for a court in Urdu from the Persian - Durbar * A surname used in the Indian Subcontinent, it originated during Mughal rule...

; as claimed by Sahibzada Zahoor Ahmad, he had the honour to place the Afghan amir's crown on the head of Amir Habibullah Khan himself on the eve of his coronation in 1901.

He claimed to be the direct descendant of the renowned Islamic saint Data Ganj Baksh, who is buried in Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...

. He heard about Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad was a religious figure from India and the founder of the Ahmadiyya Community. He claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th Islamic century, the promised Messiah , and the Mahdi awaited by the Muslims in the end days...

 of Qadian
Qadian
Qadian is a small town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur District, north-east of Amritsar, situated north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India....

 when Mirza claimed to be the "Promised Messiah", and Mahdi
Mahdi
In Islamic eschatology, the Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on Earth for seven, nine or nineteen years- before the Day of Judgment and, alongside Jesus, will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny.In Shia Islam, the belief in the Mahdi is a "central religious...

, and established Ahmadiyya Movement on 23 March, 1889.

As he was in the king's court, he could not go himself, so he sent his colleague and friend Maulvi Abd ur-Rahman to Qadian, which is near Gurdaspur
Gurdaspur
Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. It was the location of a fort which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals...

 Punjab
Punjab (British India)
Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British rule. With the end of British rule in 1947 the province was split between West Punjab, which went to Pakistan, and East Punjab, which went to India...

. Maulvi Abd ur-Rahman returned after having pledged his allegiance to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad was a religious figure from India and the founder of the Ahmadiyya Community. He claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th Islamic century, the promised Messiah , and the Mahdi awaited by the Muslims in the end days...

 of Qadian, and joining Ahmadi Movement, bringing with him some books written by Mirza and his Ahmadi Movement's publications from Qadian for him to read. He became Ahmadi after reading this book.

In 1902, Sahibzada Abdul Latif himself visited Qadian near Gurdaspur, after he took permission from Amir Habibullah Khan, for Haj
Háj
Háj may refer to:* Háj in Turčianske Teplice District, Slovakia* Háj in Košice-okolie District, Slovakia...

 to Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...

. Instead, he went to Qadian on his way, and he publicly announced his allegiance to the Ahmadiyya movement
Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious revivalist movement founded in India near the end of the 19th century, originating with the life and teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , who claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies about the world reformer of the end times, who was to herald the Eschaton as...

, publicly offering Bay'ah to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, which he did not before.

He was able to convert before 1902; many tribesmen of Tani in the province of Khost started to become Ahmadi, which enabled him to earn the ire and punishment of death by stoning from Amir Habibullah Khan. The final nail in the coffin was placed after he published an article about the Ahmadiyya's peculiar and signature views on jihad
Jihad
Jihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning "struggle". Jihad appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of God ". A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid; the plural is...

 in Kabul. He banned jihad against the British occupiers, who were supposedly enemies of Afghans.

He was sentenced to death by Amir Habibullah Khan on 14 July 1903.
On 14 July 1903, he was stoned and killed, after he was buried half underground, by the order of Amir Habibullah Khan, for belonging to the Ahmadiyya movement and opposing jihad against British. He is the second recognized martyr
Martyr
A martyr is somebody who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce, or accept, a belief or cause, usually religious.-Meaning:...

 of the Ahmadi community. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad has written books on him and his killing.

Persecution of Ahmadis in Afghanistan

The killing of Ahmadis in Kabul started in 1901, and then continued intermittently till 1924. Since then, no more Ahmadis have been reported in Afghanistan, but a possibility of their existence remains.

The Maulvi Abdur Rehaman was also condemned to death by Habibullah Khan, and had to flee to Turkistan
Türkistan
*Türkistan is the local name for Turkestan, a region of Central Asia.*Türkistan, Kazakhstan is a historic city and place of pilgrimage in southern Kazakhstan...

, near China, but came back after his family was jailed by Amir Habibullah Khan. In fact, Prince Nasrullah Khan, the brother of Amir Habibullah Khan, was also angry at him for being blasphemous, Ahmadi, and pro-British. The Ahmadis regard his role as instrumental in convincing Amir Habibullah Khan to punish him, and court clergy was also in favour of killing him.

The Ahmadi community claims turmoil occurred in Afghnistan because of the Great Game from 1903 onwards, like the Third Afghan War of 1919, to overthrow of Amir Amanullah Khan
Amanullah Khan
Amanullah Khan was the King of the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as Amir and after 1926 as Shah. He led Afghanistan to independence over its foreign affairs from the United Kingdom, and his rule was marked by dramatic political and social change...

 in 1929, or Operation Cyclone
Operation Cyclone
Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm, train, and finance the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, 1979 to 1989...

, of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. It is an executive agency and reports directly to the Director of National Intelligence, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment to senior United States policymakers...

, and the famous Afghan Jihad/Fourth Afghan War, or the Soviet war in Afghanistan
Soviet war in Afghanistan
The Soviet war in Afghanistan was a nine-year conflict involving the Soviet Union, supporting the Marxist-Leninist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahideen and foreign "Arab–Afghan" volunteers...

, when Afghans and the Mujahideen
Mujahideen
Mujahideen are Muslims who struggle in the path of God. The word is from the same Arabic triliteral as jihad .Mujahideen is also transliterated from Arabic as mujahedin, mujahedeen, mudžahedin, mudžahidin, mujahidīn, mujaheddīn and more.-Origin of the concept:The beginnings of Jihad are traced...

 fought with Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 known as Operation Cyclone, in 1979, or the 2001 War on Terror
War on Terror
The War on Terror is a term commonly applied to an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other North Atlantic Treaty Organisation as well as non-NATO countries...

, when USA bombed Afghanistan and created its bases; is because of the wrath of God after the killing of Sahibzada Abdul Latif and Maulivi Abdur Rehman Ahmadi.

About three million Afghan people died in Operation Cyclone, and later, millions more were killed in the Pakistan-sponsored Taliban rule from 1994-2001, and then by the USA Great Game, War Effort, later in 2001, also known as the Fifth Afghan War. The Ahmadi community claim that cholera
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission occurs primarily by drinking or eating water or food that has been contaminated by the diarrhea of an infected person or the feces...

 broke out in Afghanistan immediately after killing of Sahibzada Abdul Latif, which killed Prince Nasrullah Khan's family and many others, after the water sources were infected.

Prince Nasrullah Khan was jailed after he was accused of killing Amir Habibullah Khan at a hunting trip, which Amadies claim is also part of the curse of God.

Durand Line

In 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand
Mortimer Durand
Sir Henry Mortimer Durand was a British diplomat and civil servant of colonial British India.-Background:Born at Sehore, Bhopal, India, he was the son of Sir Henry Marion Durand, the Resident of Baroda and he was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School, and Tonbridge School.-Career:Durand...

 negotiated with Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.The third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government in Kabul after the disarray that followed the second...

, the Amir of Afghanistan. This international boundary line of Afghanistan and Pakistan, the Durand Line
Durand Line
The Durand Line refers to the porous international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which has divided the ethnic Pashtuns . This poorly marked line is approximately long...

, is named after Mortimer Durand, and remains the international boundary between Afghanistan and modern-day Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

, officially recognised by most nations. However, it is an ongoing point of contention between the two countries.

In 1893, during the rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.The third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government in Kabul after the disarray that followed the second...

 of Afghanistan, a "Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary" set the Durand line between Afghanistan and the British-governed India. It was set up to negotiate terms with the British, for the agreeing to the Durand line Agreement, and the two parties camped at Parachinar
Parachinar
Parachinar is the capital of Kurram Agency, FATA of Pakistan. It is about 290 km west of the capital, Islamabad...

, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.

From the British side, the camp was attended by Sir Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Political Agent of Khyber
Khyber
The term Khyber may refer to:*The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province of Pakistan*The Khyber Pass, a mountain pass that links Pakistan and Afghanistan.*The Khyber Agency, part of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....

.

Afghanistan was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor Sardar Shireendil Khan
Sardar Shireendil Khan
In the year 1893 during rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan a Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary the Durand line between Afghanistan and the British governed India was set up to negotiate terms with the British, for the agreeing to the Durand line, and the two parties camped at...

, representing the King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.

See also

  • The Afghan martyrs
  • Persecution of Ahmadiyya
    Persecution of Ahmadiyya
    The Persecution of Ahmadis is the religious persecution of Ahmadi Muslims as a consequence of professing their faith. They have been subject to various forms of persecution and discrimination since the movement's inception in 1889...

  • Durand line
    Durand Line
    The Durand Line refers to the porous international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which has divided the ethnic Pashtuns . This poorly marked line is approximately long...

  • Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum
  • Mortimer Durand
    Mortimer Durand
    Sir Henry Mortimer Durand was a British diplomat and civil servant of colonial British India.-Background:Born at Sehore, Bhopal, India, he was the son of Sir Henry Marion Durand, the Resident of Baroda and he was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School, and Tonbridge School.-Career:Durand...

  • FATA
    Fata
    The FATA or FC-ATA is a type of computer hard disk drive. FATA is simply the low cost ATA or SATA disk drive equipped with a small external converter, that changes the interface to Fibre Channel...

  • North-West Frontier Province
    North-West Frontier Province
    Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province and various other names, is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the north-west of the country...

  • Balochistan (Pakistan)
    Balochistan (Pakistan)
    Balochistan is one of the four provinces or federating units of Pakistan. With an area of 134,051 mi2 or , it is the largest province of Pakistan, constituting approximately 44% of the total land mass of Pakistan. According to the 1998 population census, Balochistan had a population of...

  • Pakistan
    Pakistan
    Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

  • Afghanistan
    Afghanistan
    Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

  • Iran
    Iran
    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...


Further reading


External links

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