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SS uniform
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1932-1945, from Organisationshandbuch der NSDAP (1939).]]
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Hans Lammers with Totenkopf emblem on his peaked cap. ]]
SS uniform refers to the various uniforms worn by the units and departments of the Schutzstaffel (SS) between 1925 and 1945. Because they are strongly associated with Nazi Germany and the Second World War, some of these designs are considered among the most recognizable uniforms in modern history.
History
In 1932, Heinrich Himmler introduced the all-black SS uniform, which was designed by SS-Oberführer Prof.
Discussion
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Encyclopedia
]]
1932-1945, from Organisationshandbuch der NSDAP (1939).]]
]]
Hans Lammers with Totenkopf emblem on his peaked cap. ]]
SS uniform refers to the various uniforms worn by the units and departments of the Schutzstaffel (SS) between 1925 and 1945. Because they are strongly associated with Nazi Germany and the Second World War, some of these designs are considered among the most recognizable uniforms in modern history.
History
In 1932, Heinrich Himmler introduced the all-black SS uniform, which was designed by SS-Oberführer Prof. Dr. Karl Diebitsch and graphic designer Walter Heck.
Some of the uniforms were produced by the Hugo Boss firm, and were produced under forced labor conditions, especially later in the war. The SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT), a precursor of the fighting units of Waffen-SS, instead wore a variation of the green-grey (feldgrau) Army (Wehrmacht Heer) uniform with SS insignia.
In 1938 a pale-grey (steingrau) version was produced, which gradually replaced the black uniform in Germany, beginning with full-time officers. Most of the black uniforms were collected, stripped of SS insignia, and issued to SS foreign legions and auxiliary forces inside and outside Germany.
The pale-grey uniform was cut the same as the black one, with the addition of two shoulder boards and an eagle badge replacing the red swastika arm-band. This was to more closely approximate a military uniform, to reflect the position of the SS as backbone of the security apparatus of a state at war, and signify the full identification between party and state. The original black uniform was rarely worn throughout the war, and to the German people it signified service shirkers and party bullies.
The majority of SS service personnel in occupied territory continued to wear variations of the Waffen-SS uniforms or a green-grey version of the SS service tunic. Branches that normally would wear civilian attire in the Reich, such as the Gestapo and Kripo, were issued Army-like uniforms to avoid being mistaken for civilians in occupied territory.
Designs and Implications
wile of uniforms existed for the SS, often depending on the theatre of war where they were stationed, the all black uniform is the most well known. As with many non-camouflage military uniforms, these SS uniforms were tailored to project authority, and foster fear and respect. As Himmler put it, 'I know there are many people who fall ill when they see this black uniform; we understand that and don't expect that we will be loved by many people.' The historian Michael Burleigh saw it thus: 'Why, one might reasonably ask, should anyone want to go around wearing skulls and crossbones and runic symbols, unless they suffered from the morbid obsessions which animate juvenile motorbike gangs?' They used the Black-White-Red colour scheme, characteristic of the Nazi Party, on a variation of the standard SA uniform, with different insignia. The choice of colour was not by chance. Black is traditionally a German colour and the Nazis believed that it reflected their 'Aryan' heritage. Black was a sombre and authoritative colour, popular with fascist movements, introduced by the blackshirts in Italy years before the creation of the SS.
Before the outbreak of war, the SS had two primary branches. The civil security forces Gestapo, SD (security services), Kripo (criminal-investigation police), and most other minor SS departments were deemed Allgemeine SS and the combat units were known as Waffen-SS. Most of the Allgemeine SS, especially in occupied areas, switched to the Army's green-grey uniforms like those already in use with the Waffen-SS and the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV; the “Totenkopf” or death-head corps) while retaining their own insignia. The officers, depending on their rank and position, wore either Waffen-SS uniforms or the pale-grey SS uniforms. Himmler, for example, wore the pale-grey uniform of the Reichsführer-SS as did the majority of the SS and Police Leaders.
The Waffen-SS
The precursor units of the Waffen-SS were the militarised branches of the SS known as the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH), the SS-TV (SS-Totenkopfverbände, or "Totenkopfstandarten"), and the SS-VT (SS-Verfügungstruppe). These troops were the first SS to introduce earth colours for their uniforms in 1935. Just before the outbreak of the war they were issued a variation of the 1936 Army model, with some distinguishable features, the most obvious of which was their collar, which could be worn open with a tie. As there were no sufficient numbers of field uniforms for the SS yet, quite some SS units had to wear Army uniforms during the invasion of Poland, which resulted in some Army officers complaining about SS-units wearing Army uniforms when they were conducting executions and atrocities behind Polish frontlines. The Wehrmacht (Army) did not want to be linked with these actions. Some SS-units still had to rely on Army uniforms in April 1940, during the occupation of Denmark. In late 1940 and as the then newly formed/named Waffen-SS was expanding, it made logistical sense to issue uniforms from the same Army contractors and the new issue SS uniforms had practically the same design of the green-grey uniforms of the Army, with the addition of SS insignia. Officers used both original SS collar patches and shoulder boards similar to the Wehrmacht shoulder boards. Until early stages of the war, SS-officers used only one shoulder board (see photo). By the end of the war a wide variety of uniforms could be observed, even within the same unit, and standardization was never complete, as previous stocks were issued or recycled, and as officers combined Army and SS uniform parts according to personal taste: quite some high-ranking officers preferred to wear grey Army coats and blouses, especially those officers who formerly served in World War I, the Reichswehr (German Armed Forces 1921-1935) or in the Wehrmacht.
It is a common misconception that the SS fought in black uniforms. Only SS tank crews wore black uniforms in combat. This was not, however, the all-black uniform worn by the pre-war SS, but rather a short, black waist-cut coat similar in style to that worn by tank crews in the Wehrmacht. The black colour was chosen for tank crews because it would not show grease and oil stains as the green-grey equivalent did.
Waffen-SS troops were also pioneering among the German forces in the use of camouflage clothing and wore it extensively during the war. Waffen-SS used a variety of original summer and winter designs in dot and splinter patterns. Usually camouflage was worn on overall parkas or helmet covers, and only late in the war were camouflaged tunics introduced.
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