Russian influence operations in the United States
Encyclopedia
Russian influence operations in the United States have existed since 1992.

According to American counterintelligence, in 2007 Russian espionage reached Cold War levels.

Doctrine

The Foundations of Geopolitics
Foundations of Geopolitics
The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Alexander Dugin. The book has had a large influence within the Russian military, police, and statist foreign policy elites and is used as a textbook in the General Staff Academy of Russian military.-Use:The...

, initially published in 1997 when Vladimir Putin became FSB chief, is a military training textbook which has influenced key Russian decision-makers. It states that Russia should use its special forces within the borders of the United States to:
According to American counterintelligence, Russian espionage has reached Cold War levels.

Public opinion manipulation

Sergei Tretyakov
Sergei Tretyakov (intelligence officer)
Colonel Sergei Tretyakov was a Russian SVR officer who defected to the United States in October 2000.-Biography:...

, SVR officer who defected in 2000, warns that Americans, as people, are very naive about Russia and its intentions. Tretyakov's book Comrade J describes how he delivered material to American websites and then send it in emails to US publications and broadcasters. Some of the material, produced at SVR Center
Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)
The Russian Foreign Intelligence Service is Russia's primary external intelligence agency. The SVR is the successor of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB since December 1991...

 by Russian experts, would be disguised as educational or scientific reports. The reports would be 99% accurate but would always contain a kernel of disinformation that favored Russian foreign policy. The goal was to cause dissension and unrest inside the US and anti-American feelings abroad.
During his work in New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

 in the end of 1990s, one of the most frequent disinformation subjects was the war in Chechnya.

Defected Colonel Stanislav Lunev
Stanislav Lunev
Stanislav Lunev is a former Soviet military officer, the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States.He was born in the family of a Soviet Army officer...

 said in 2000 that the number of American journalists working for Russia is "very big." According to Lunev, Russia has penetrated, and continues to penetrate, all the major press outlets in the United States.

A policy analysis paper published in 2010 by the Heritage Foundation
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a conservative American think tank based in Washington, D.C. Heritage's stated mission is to "formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong...

recommends Obama administration to launch a comprehensive audit of Russian information operations in the United States.
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