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Russian Turkestan

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	Topics Russian Turkestan Topic Home Russian Turkestan, also known as Turkestansky Krai (????????????? ????), was TurkestanTurkestan Turkestan is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic people.... within the Russian EmpireRussian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until it was declared a republic in August 1917.... as a, comprising the oasis region to the South of the KazakhKazakhstan Kazakhstan, also spelled Kazakstan, , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country that stretches over a ... steppes, but not the Protectorates of the Emirate of BukharaEmirate of Bukhara The Emirate of Bukhara was the name of a Central Asian state that existed from 1747 to 1920.... and the Khanate of KhivaKhanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1510 to 19... . History Although Russia had been pushing south into the steppes from AstrakhanAstrakhan Astrakhan, a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast.... and OrenburgOrenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russi... since the failed Khivan expeditionFacts About Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky was a Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expeditio... of Peter the GreatPeter I of Russia Peter I the Great . ruled Russia from 7 May 1682 until his death, before 1696 jointly with his weak and sickly half-broth... , the beginning of the Russian colonial conquest of Turkestan is normally dated to 1865, when the city of TashkentTashkent Summary TashkentThe name of the city has evolved in a number of stages.... fell to a force under General CherniaevMikhail Chernyayev Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev was a Russian general, who, together with Konstantin Kaufman and Mikhail Skobelev, led the R... . Cherniaev had exceeded his orders (he only had 3,000 men under his command at the time) but Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf... recognised the annexation in any case. This was swiftly followed by the conquest of KhodjendKhujand Khujand, is the second largest city of Tajikistan.... , DjizakJizzakh Jizzakh is a city and the capital of Jizzakh Province in central Uzbekistan, northwest of Samarkand.... and Ura-Tyube, culminating in the annexation of SamarkandSamarkand Samarkand is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.... and the surrounding region on the River ZeravshanZeravshan The Zeravshan or Zarafshan river, whilst smaller and less well-known than the two great rivers of Central Asia, the Am... from the Emirate of BukharaEmirate of Bukhara The Emirate of Bukhara was the name of a Central Asian state that existed from 1747 to 1920.... in 1868. In 1867 TurkestanTurkestan Turkestan is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic people.... was made a separate Governor-GeneralshipGuberniya Guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as governorate or province... , under its first Governor-General, Konstantin Petrovich Von KaufmanKonstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan. ... . It consisted initially of three Oblasts (Provinces): Syr DaryaSyr Darya Syr Darya is a river in Central Asia, sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes from its Ancient Greek name .... , Semirechye and the Zeravshan OkrugOkrug Okrug is a term to denote a subnational entity in some Eastern European, slavic states.... (Military Region). To these were added in 1873 the Amu DaryaAmu Darya The Amu Darya, Amudarya . Amu Darya is the longest river in Central Asia.... Otdel, annexed from the Khanate of KhivaKhanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1510 to 19... , and in 1876 the FerganaFergana Fergana is a city, the capital of Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley in sout... OblastOblast Summary Oblast refers to a subnational entity in some countries.... , formed from the remaining rump of the Kokand KhanateKhanate of Kokand The Khanate of Kokand was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekista... after an uprising in 1875. In 1894 the Transcaspian RegionTranscaspian Region Transcaspian Region, or Transcaspia.... , which was conquered in 1881-1885 by Generals Mikhail SkobelevMikhail Skobelev Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev was a Russian general famous for his conquest of Central Asia and heroism during the Russo-Turk... and Mikhail AnnenkovMikhail Annenkov General Mikhail Nikolayevich Annenkov was an important figure in the history of the Russian conquest of Turkestan in the 19t... , was added to the Governor-Generalship. The administration of the region had an almost purely military character throughout. Von Kaufman died in 1882, and a committee under Confidential Counsellor Fedor Karlovich Girs (brother of Nicholas de GiersNicholas de Giers Nikolay Karlovich Giers was a Russian Foreign Minister during the reign of Alexander III.... ) toured the KraiKrai Krai is a term used to refer to seven of Russia's 88 federal subjects.... and drew up proposals for reform, which were implemented after 1886. In 1888 the new Trans-Caspian railwayTrans-Caspian railway The Trans-Caspian railway is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia.... , begun at Uzun-Ada on the shores of the Caspian SeaCaspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres and ... in 1877, reached Samarkand. Nevertheless Turkestan remained an isolated colonialColonial Colonial can refer to:Colonialism, a type of Western territorial expansion or... outpost, with an administration that preserved many distinctive features from the previous Islamic regimes, including QadiQadi Qadi* is a judge ruling in accordance with the sharia, Islamic religious law.... s' courts and a 'native' administration that devolved much power to local 'Aksakals' (Elders or Headmen). It was quite unlike European Russia. In 1908 Count Konstantin Konstantinovich Pahlen led another reforming Commission to Turkestan which produced a monumental report detailing problems with administrative corruption and inefficiency in 1909-1910. In 1897 the Railway reached TashkentFacts About Tashkent TashkentThe name of the city has evolved in a number of stages.... , and finally in 1906 a direct rail link with European Russia was opened across the steppeSteppe In physical geography, a steppe , pronounced in English as step, is a plain without trees ; it is similar to a prairie, ... from OrenburgOrenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russi... to TashkentTashkent TashkentThe name of the city has evolved in a number of stages.... . This led to much larger numbers of ethnic RussianRussians Russians are an East Slavic ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... settlers flowing into Turkestan than had hitherto been the case, and their settlement was overseen by a specially created MigrationEmigration Emigration is the act and the phenomenon of leaving one's native country to settle abroad.... Department in St. PetersburgSaint Petersburg Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf... (??????????????? ??????????). This caused considerable discontent amongst the local population as these settlers took scarce land and water resources away from them. In 1916 discontent boiled over in the Basmachi RevoltBasmachi Revolt Summary The Basmachi Revolt, or Basmachestvo, was an uprising against Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia.... , sparked by a decree conscripting the natives into Labour battalionLabour battalion Labour battalions have been a form of alternative service or unfree labor in various countries in lieu of or resembling regu... s (they had previously been exempt from military service). Thousands of settlers were killed, and this was matched by Russian reprisals, particularly against the nomadic population. Order had not really been restored by the time the February Revolution took place in 1917. This would usher in a still bloodier chapter in Turkestan's history, as the Bolsheviks of the TashkentTashkent TashkentThe name of the city has evolved in a number of stages.... Soviet (made up entirely of Russian soldiers and railway workers, with no Muslim members) launched an attack on the autonomous JadidJadid Jadids: the name given to Muslim Reformers within the Russian Empire in the late 19th century.... government in Kokand early in 1918, which left 14,000 dead. Resistance to the BolshevikBolshevik Bolsheviks were members of the Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.... s by the local population (dismissed as 'BasmachiBasmachi Revolt The Basmachi Revolt, or Basmachestvo, was an uprising against Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia.... ' or 'Banditry' by Soviet historians) continued well into the 1920s. Soviet rule After the Russian Revolution of 1917Russian Revolution of 1917 The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autoc... , a Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist RepublicTurkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created from the Turkestan Krai of Imperial Russia.... of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... was created in Soviet Central AsiaSoviet Central Asia Soviet Central Asia is a reference to the five Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ... ,(excluding modern-day KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan, also spelled Kazakstan, , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country that stretches over a ... ), which in 1924 was split into the Turkmen SSRTurkmen SSR The Turkmen SSR was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 1991 when it declared independence as Turkmenistan.... and Uzbek SSRUzbek SSR The Uzbek SSR or Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Uzbekistan on October 27 1924.... . The Tajik SSRTajik SSR The Tajik SSR or Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Tajikistan when it was part of the Soviet Union... was formed out of part of the Uzbek SSRUzbek SSR The Uzbek SSR or Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Uzbekistan on October 27 1924.... in 1928, and a few years later the Kyrgyz SSRKyrgyz SSR The Kyrgyz SSR formally known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Kirgizia, was the name for ... was separated from KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan, also spelled Kazakstan, , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country that stretches over a ... . After the collapse of the Soviet UnionHistory of the Soviet Union (1985-1991) The Soviet Union's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985.... , these republics gained their independence. cs gained their independence.