Rurik Dynasty
Encyclopedia
The Rurik dynasty or Rurikids was a dynasty
founded by the Varangian (Viking
) prince Rurik
, who established himself in Novgorod around the year 862 AD. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty
of Kievan Rus'
(after 862), the successor principalities of Galicia-Volhynia (after 1199), Chernigov, Vladimir-Suzdal
, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow
, and the founders of the Tsardom of Russia
.
They are one of Europe's oldest royal house
s, with numerous existing cadet branch
es, and are regarded as the founders of Rus
and later Russia
.
, a Varangian prince. The apocryphal story tells of the Slavic tribes in the area calling on “‘the Varangians [i.e. Scandinavians], to the Rus … The Chud, the Slovenes, the Krivichi and the Ves said “Our land is vast and abundant, but there is no order in it. Come and reign as princes and have authority over us!”’ Three brothers came with ‘their kin’ and ‘all the Rus’ in response to this invitation. Rurik set up rule in Novgorod, giving more provincial towns to his brothers. There is some ambiguity even in the Primary Chronicle
about the specifics of the story, “hence their paradoxical statement ‘the people of Novgorod are of Varangian stock, for formerly they were Slovenes.’” However, archaeological evidence such as “Frankish swords, a sword chape and a tortoiseshell brooch” in the area suggest that there was, in fact, a Scandinavian population during the tenth century at the latest. The "Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project" of FamilyTreeDNA
commercial genetic genealogy
company reports that Y-DNA testing of the descendants of Rurikids suggests their non-slavic origin.
. By the middle of the twelfth century, Kievan Rus' had dissolved into independent principalities, each ruled by different branches of the Rurik dynasty.
“The Rurikid dynasty… attempted to impose on their highly diverse polity the integrative concept of russkaia zemlia (“the Rus’ land”) and the unifying notion of a “Rus’ people.” This sense of proto-nationalism is largely the product of historians in the modern era: “Kievan Rus’ was never really a unified polity. It was a loosely bound, ill-defined, and heterogeneous conglomeration of lands and cities inhabited by tribes and populous groups whose loyalties were primarily territorial.” This caused the Rurik dynasty to effectively dissolve into several sub-dynasties ruling smaller states in the 10th and 11th centuries. These were the Olgoviches of Severia
who ruled in Chernigov, Yuryeviches who controlled Vladimir-Suzdal
, and Romanoviches in Galicia-Volhynia.
The Olgoviches were the offsprings of Oleg I of Chernigov
, who was a grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. They continued to rule until early 14th century when they were torn apart by emerging Grand Duchy of Lithuania
and Grand Duchy of Moscow
.
The Romanoviches was the line of Roman the Great
, they were eventually crowned kings and ruled until 1323. The last ones were two brothers Andrew
and Lev II
, who ruled jointly and were slain trying to repel Mongol incursions on behalf of the rest of Europe. Polish king Władysław I the Elbow-high in his letter to the Pope wrote with regret: "The two last Ruthenian
kings, that had been firm shields for Poland from the Tatars, left this world and after their death Poland is directly under Tatar threat." Losing their leadership role, Rurikids, however, continued to play a vital role in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
and the later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
. Most notably, the Ostrogski family held the title of Grand Hetman of Lithuania and strove to preserve the Ruthenian language
and Eastern Orthodoxy in this part of Europe.
The Yuryeviches were found by Yuriy Dolgorukiy, the founder of Moscow and spread vastly in the north-east. Beginning with the reign of Ivan the Terrible
, the Muscovite branch used the title "Tsar of All Russia" and ruled over the Tsardom of Russia
. The death in 1598 of Tsar Feodor I
ended the rule of the Rurik dynasty. The unstable period known as the Time of Troubles
succeeded Feodor's death and lasted until 1613. In that year, Mikhail I ascended the throne, founding the Romanov dynasty that would rule until 1762 and as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov until the revolutions of 1917
. One descendant of the Rurik Grand Prince of Tver
was Catherine the Great, who married Peter III
of the Romanov dynasty. Historian Vasily Tatishchev
and filmmaker Jacques Tati
were descended from Rurik.
Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project, Rurik appears to have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup N1c1, based on testing of his modern male line descendants. But while genetically related to the later Baltic Finnic peoples
, the Rurikids do not possess the DYS390=24 mutation associated with the Finnic languages
, theirs remaining the ancestral DYS390=23, with the Rurikid haplotype itself (all values considered) more closely associated with [North] Germanic
speakers (Varangians
).
Further genetic studies seem to indicate the existence of two major haplogroup
s among modern Rurikids: the descendants of Vladimir II Monomakh
(Monomakhoviches) and some others are of N1c1
group (130 people or 68%), while the descendants of a junior prince from the branch of Oleg I of Chernigov
(Olgoviches) and some others (total 45 peoples or 24%) are of R1a
and R1b
haplogroups typical for Slavic
, Germanic
and Celtic peoples.
through his sixth son Yuri Dolgorukiy:
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
founded by the Varangian (Viking
Viking
The term Viking is customarily used to refer to the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.These Norsemen used their famed longships to...
) prince Rurik
Rurik
Rurik, or Riurik , was a semilegendary 9th-century Varangian who founded the Rurik dynasty which ruled Kievan Rus and later some of its successor states, most notably the Tsardom of Russia, until 1598....
, who established himself in Novgorod around the year 862 AD. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
of Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus was a medieval polity in Eastern Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240....
(after 862), the successor principalities of Galicia-Volhynia (after 1199), Chernigov, Vladimir-Suzdal
Vladimir-Suzdal
The Vladimir-Suzdal Principality or Vladimir-Suzdal Rus’ was one of the major principalities which succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century and lasted until the late 14th century. For a long time the Principality was a vassal of the Mongolian Golden Horde...
, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
, and the founders of the Tsardom of Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
.
They are one of Europe's oldest royal house
Royal House
A royal house or royal dynasty consists of at least one, but usually more monarchs who are related to one another, as well as their non-reigning descendants and spouses. Monarchs of the same realm who are not related to one another are usually deemed to belong to different houses, and each house is...
s, with numerous existing cadet branch
Cadet branch
Cadet branch is a term in genealogy to describe the lineage of the descendants of the younger sons of a monarch or patriarch. In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets – titles, realms, fiefs, property and income – have...
es, and are regarded as the founders of Rus
Rus
Ruś may refer to the following places:*Ruś, Podlaskie Voivodeship, a village in Łomża County, north-eastern Poland*Ruś, Olsztyn County, a village in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland...
and later Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
.
Origins
The Rurikid dynasty was founded in 862 by RurikRurik
Rurik, or Riurik , was a semilegendary 9th-century Varangian who founded the Rurik dynasty which ruled Kievan Rus and later some of its successor states, most notably the Tsardom of Russia, until 1598....
, a Varangian prince. The apocryphal story tells of the Slavic tribes in the area calling on “‘the Varangians [i.e. Scandinavians], to the Rus … The Chud, the Slovenes, the Krivichi and the Ves said “Our land is vast and abundant, but there is no order in it. Come and reign as princes and have authority over us!”’ Three brothers came with ‘their kin’ and ‘all the Rus’ in response to this invitation. Rurik set up rule in Novgorod, giving more provincial towns to his brothers. There is some ambiguity even in the Primary Chronicle
Primary Chronicle
The Primary Chronicle , Ruthenian Primary Chronicle or Russian Primary Chronicle, is a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, originally compiled in Kiev about 1113.- Three editions :...
about the specifics of the story, “hence their paradoxical statement ‘the people of Novgorod are of Varangian stock, for formerly they were Slovenes.’” However, archaeological evidence such as “Frankish swords, a sword chape and a tortoiseshell brooch” in the area suggest that there was, in fact, a Scandinavian population during the tenth century at the latest. The "Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project" of FamilyTreeDNA
FamilyTreeDNA
Family Tree DNA is a commercial genetic genealogy company based in Houston, Texas with its partner laboratory, Arizona Research Labs, housed at the University of Arizona. Family Tree DNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, YDNA, and mtDNA to individuals for genealogical purposes based on DNA samples...
commercial genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy is the application of genetics to traditional genealogy. Genetic genealogy involves the use of genealogical DNA testing to determine the level of genetic relationship between individuals.-History:...
company reports that Y-DNA testing of the descendants of Rurikids suggests their non-slavic origin.
Evolution and end of the dynasty
Rurik and his brothers founded a state that later historians called Kievan Rus'Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus was a medieval polity in Eastern Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240....
. By the middle of the twelfth century, Kievan Rus' had dissolved into independent principalities, each ruled by different branches of the Rurik dynasty.
“The Rurikid dynasty… attempted to impose on their highly diverse polity the integrative concept of russkaia zemlia (“the Rus’ land”) and the unifying notion of a “Rus’ people.” This sense of proto-nationalism is largely the product of historians in the modern era: “Kievan Rus’ was never really a unified polity. It was a loosely bound, ill-defined, and heterogeneous conglomeration of lands and cities inhabited by tribes and populous groups whose loyalties were primarily territorial.” This caused the Rurik dynasty to effectively dissolve into several sub-dynasties ruling smaller states in the 10th and 11th centuries. These were the Olgoviches of Severia
Severia
Severia or Siveria is a historical region in present-day northern Ukraine and southwestern Russia, centered around the city of Novhorod-Siverskyi in Ukraine.-Severians:...
who ruled in Chernigov, Yuryeviches who controlled Vladimir-Suzdal
Vladimir-Suzdal
The Vladimir-Suzdal Principality or Vladimir-Suzdal Rus’ was one of the major principalities which succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century and lasted until the late 14th century. For a long time the Principality was a vassal of the Mongolian Golden Horde...
, and Romanoviches in Galicia-Volhynia.
The Olgoviches were the offsprings of Oleg I of Chernigov
Oleg I of Chernigov
Oleg Svyatoslavich of Chernigiv , sometimes also styled as of Tmutarakan, was a Rurikid prince whose equivocal adventures ignited political unrest in Kievan Rus at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries....
, who was a grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. They continued to rule until early 14th century when they were torn apart by emerging Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
and Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
.
The Romanoviches was the line of Roman the Great
Roman the Great
Roman Mstislavich , also Roman Mstyslavych or Roman the Great, was a Rus’ prince, Grand Prince of Kiev ....
, they were eventually crowned kings and ruled until 1323. The last ones were two brothers Andrew
Andrew of Galicia
Andriy II Yuriyevych or Andrew of Galicia was the last Rus' king of Galicia-Volhynia in 1308–1323 . He was the son of Yuriy I whom he succeeded on the royal throne of Galicia. His mother was Euphemia of Kuyavia. After the death of his father, he ruled the kingdom together with his...
and Lev II
Lev II of Galicia
Lev Yurevich or Lev II of Galicia was the last Rurikid king of Galicia-Volhynia in 1308–1323 . He was the son of Yuri I of Galicia whom he succeeded on the royal throne of Galicia. After the death of his father, he ruled the kingdom together with his brother Andrey. His mother was Euphemia...
, who ruled jointly and were slain trying to repel Mongol incursions on behalf of the rest of Europe. Polish king Władysław I the Elbow-high in his letter to the Pope wrote with regret: "The two last Ruthenian
Rus' (people)
The Rus' were a group of Varangians . According to the Primary Chronicle of Rus, compiled in about 1113 AD, the Rus had relocated from the Baltic region , first to Northeastern Europe, creating an early polity which finally came under the leadership of Rurik...
kings, that had been firm shields for Poland from the Tatars, left this world and after their death Poland is directly under Tatar threat." Losing their leadership role, Rurikids, however, continued to play a vital role in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
and the later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
. Most notably, the Ostrogski family held the title of Grand Hetman of Lithuania and strove to preserve the Ruthenian language
Ruthenian language
Ruthenian, or Old Ruthenian , is a term used for the varieties of Eastern Slavonic spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the East Slavic territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth....
and Eastern Orthodoxy in this part of Europe.
The Yuryeviches were found by Yuriy Dolgorukiy, the founder of Moscow and spread vastly in the north-east. Beginning with the reign of Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV of Russia
Ivan IV Vasilyevich , known in English as Ivan the Terrible , was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 until his death. His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state spanning almost one billion acres,...
, the Muscovite branch used the title "Tsar of All Russia" and ruled over the Tsardom of Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
. The death in 1598 of Tsar Feodor I
Feodor I of Russia
Fyodor I Ivanovich 1598) was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia , son of Ivan IV and Anastasia Romanovna. In English he is sometimes called Feodor the Bellringer in consequence of his strong faith and inclination to travel the land and ring the bells at churches. However, in Russian the name...
ended the rule of the Rurik dynasty. The unstable period known as the Time of Troubles
Time of Troubles
The Time of Troubles was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last Russian Tsar of the Rurik Dynasty, Feodor Ivanovich, in 1598, and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. In 1601-1603, Russia suffered a famine that killed one-third...
succeeded Feodor's death and lasted until 1613. In that year, Mikhail I ascended the throne, founding the Romanov dynasty that would rule until 1762 and as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov until the revolutions of 1917
Russian Revolution of 1917
The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of February 1917...
. One descendant of the Rurik Grand Prince of Tver
Grand Prince of Tver
The title of Prince of Tver was borne by the head of the branch of the Rurikid dynasty that ruled the Principality of Tver. In 1247 Tver was allocated to Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky, and became an independent principality...
was Catherine the Great, who married Peter III
Peter III of Russia
Peter III was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. He was very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader. He was supposedly assassinated as a result of a conspiracy led by his wife, who succeeded him to the throne as Catherine II.-Early life and character:Peter was born in Kiel, in...
of the Romanov dynasty. Historian Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev was a prominent Russian statesman, and ethnographer, best remembered as the author of the first full-scale Russian history...
and filmmaker Jacques Tati
Jacques Tati
Jacques Tati was a French filmmaker, working as a comedic actor, writer and director. In a poll conducted by Entertainment Weekly of the Greatest Movie Directors Tati was voted the 46th greatest of all time...
were descended from Rurik.
Trade
In the early days of the Rurikid dynasty, the Kievan Rus’ mainly traded with other tribes in northeastern Europe. “There was little need for complex social structures to carry out these exchanges in the forests north of the steppes. So long as the entrepreneurs operated in small numbers and kept to the north, they did not catch the attention of observers or writers.” The Rus’ also had strong trading ties to Byzantium, particularly in the early 900’s, as treaties in 911 and 944 indicate. These treaties deal with the treatment of runaway Byzantine slaves and limitations on the amounts of certain commodities such as silk that could be bought from Byzantium. The Rus’ used logs floated down the Dnieper river by Slavic tribes for the transport of goods, particularly slaves to Byzantium.Skirmish with Byzantium
One of the largest military accomplishments of the Rurikid dynasty was the attack on Byzantium in 960. Pilgrims of the Rus’ had been making the journey from Kiev to Constantinople for many years, and Constantine Porphyrogenitus believed that this gave them significant information about the arduous parts of the journey and where travelers were most at risk, as would be pertinent for an invasion. This route took travelers through domain of the Pechenegs, journeying mostly by river.[1] In June 941, the Rus’ staged a naval ambush on Byzantine forces, making up for their smaller numbers with small, maneuverable boats. Interestingly, these boats were ill-equipped for the transportation of large quantities of treasure, suggesting that looting was not the goal. The raid was led, according to the Primary Chronicle, by a king called Igor. Three years later, the treaty of 944 stated that all ships approaching Byzantium must be preceded by a letter from the Rurikid prince stating the number of ships and assuring their peaceful intent. This not only indicates fear of another surprise attack, but an increased Kievan presence in the Black Sea.Legacy
Russian and Ukrainian historians have debated for many years about the legacy of the Rurikid dynasty. The Russian view, “resting largely on religious-ecclesiastical and historical-ideological claims and on political-juridical theories [was] formulated in Moscow between the 1330’s and the late 1850’s,” and views the Principality of Moscow as the sole heir to the Kievan Rus’ civilization. The Ukrainian nationalist view came into being somewhat later “between the 1840’s and the end of the 1930’s,” and views the Ukrainian descendants of the Rurikid dynasty as its only true successors. The Soviet theory “allotted equal rights to the Kievan inheritance to the Three Slavic Peoples, that is the Russians, the Ukrainians, and the Belorussians.”Genetic studies of Rurikids
According to the FamilyTreeDNAFamilyTreeDNA
Family Tree DNA is a commercial genetic genealogy company based in Houston, Texas with its partner laboratory, Arizona Research Labs, housed at the University of Arizona. Family Tree DNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, YDNA, and mtDNA to individuals for genealogical purposes based on DNA samples...
Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project, Rurik appears to have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup N1c1, based on testing of his modern male line descendants. But while genetically related to the later Baltic Finnic peoples
Baltic Finns
The Baltic Finns are a historical linguistic group of peoples of northern Europe whose modern descendants include the Finns proper, Karelians , Izhorians, Veps, Votes, Livonians and Estonians who speak Baltic-Finnic languages and have inhabited the Baltic Sea region for 3,000 years according to...
, the Rurikids do not possess the DYS390=24 mutation associated with the Finnic languages
Finnic languages
The term Finnic languages often means the Baltic-Finnic languages, an undisputed branch of the Uralic languages. However, it is also commonly used to mean the Finno-Permic languages, a hypothetical intermediate branch that includes Baltic Finnic, or the more disputed Finno-Volgaic languages....
, theirs remaining the ancestral DYS390=23, with the Rurikid haplotype itself (all values considered) more closely associated with [North] Germanic
North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages, the languages of Scandinavians, make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages...
speakers (Varangians
Varangians
The Varangians or Varyags , sometimes referred to as Variagians, were people from the Baltic region, most often associated with Vikings, who from the 9th to 11th centuries ventured eastwards and southwards along the rivers of Eastern Europe, through what is now Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.According...
).
Further genetic studies seem to indicate the existence of two major haplogroup
Haplogroup
In the study of molecular evolution, a haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor having the same single nucleotide polymorphism mutation in both haplotypes. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, this is what makes it possible to predict a haplogroup...
s among modern Rurikids: the descendants of Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh |Basileios]]) was a Velikiy Kniaz of Kievan Rus'.- Family :He was the son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium Vladimir II Monomakh |Basileios]]) (1053 – May 19, 1125) was a Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kievan Rus'.- Family :He was the son of Vsevolod I (married in...
(Monomakhoviches) and some others are of N1c1
Haplogroup N (Y-DNA)
In human genetics, Haplogroup N is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, defined by the presence of the marker M231. The b2/b3 deletion in the AZFc region of the human Y-chromosome is a characteristic of Haplogroup N haplotypes. This deletion, however, appears to have occurred independently on four...
group (130 people or 68%), while the descendants of a junior prince from the branch of Oleg I of Chernigov
Oleg I of Chernigov
Oleg Svyatoslavich of Chernigiv , sometimes also styled as of Tmutarakan, was a Rurikid prince whose equivocal adventures ignited political unrest in Kievan Rus at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries....
(Olgoviches) and some others (total 45 peoples or 24%) are of R1a
Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup R1a is the phylogenetic name of a major clade of Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. In other words, it is a way of grouping a significant part of all modern men according to a shared male-line ancestor. It is common in many parts of Eurasia and is frequently discussed in human...
and R1b
Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)
The point of origin of R1b is thought to lie in Eurasia, most likely in Western Asia. T. Karafet et al. estimated the age of R1, the parent of R1b, as 18,500 years before present....
haplogroups typical for Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
, Germanic
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Indo-European Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.Originating about 1800 BCE from the Corded Ware Culture on the North...
and Celtic peoples.
List of rulers of the Rurik dynasty
The following image shows the descent of the so-called central branch of the Rurikids, descendants of Vladimir II MonomakhVladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh |Basileios]]) was a Velikiy Kniaz of Kievan Rus'.- Family :He was the son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium Vladimir II Monomakh |Basileios]]) (1053 – May 19, 1125) was a Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kievan Rus'.- Family :He was the son of Vsevolod I (married in...
through his sixth son Yuri Dolgorukiy:
Princely families of Rurik stock
from princes of- StarodubStarodubStarodub is a town and the administrative center of Starodubsky District of Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Babinets River , southwest of Bryansk. Population: 16,000 .-History:...
: Gagarin , Golibesovsky, Gundorov, KovrovKovrovKovrov is a city and the administrative center of Kovrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, situated on the right bank of the Klyazma River . Kovrov's population as of the preliminary results of the 2010 Census was 145,492; down from 155,499 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from...
, Krivoborsky, Lyalovsky, Nebogaty, Neuchkin, Ossipovsky, Paletsky, PozharskyPozharskyPozharsky , Pozharskaya , or Pozharskoye may refer to:*Dmitry Pozharsky , Rurikid prince who helped bring the Time of Troubles to an end...
, Romodanovsky, Ryapolovsky, TatevTatevThe Monastery of Tatev is a 9th century Armenian monastery located in the Tatev village in Syunik Province in southern Armenia. The term "Tatev" usually refers to the monastery. It stands on a plateau on the edge of the deep gorge of the Orotan River...
, Tulupov and Khilkoff. - Polotsk: Vitebsky, Izyaslavsky, Drutsky, MinskyMinsky-People:*Hyman Minsky , American economist*Marvin Minsky , American cognitive scientist in the field of Artificial Intelligence*Michael Minsky , Russian opera singer...
and Polotsky. - PeremyshlPeremyshlPeremyshl may refer to:*Peremyshl, Russia, a village in Kaluga Oblast, Russia*Peremyshl, a Cyrillic alphabet transliteration of the city of Przemyśl...
: Galitsky and Peremyshlsky. - Chernigov: Baryatinsky , Belevsky , VolkonskyVolkonskyVolkonsky is a famous Russian, from Rurikid princely house. It inherited some Rurikid land along the Volkona river sometime in the dark centuries of Mongol disturbances in Russia and it is not totally clear what was the route of the inheritance. according to Almagro, Rurikid princes disputed for...
, VorotynskyVorotynskyVorotynsky was one of the most eminent Rurikid princely houses of Muscovite Russia. Their lands lay principally in the Upper Oka region and comprised the towns of Peremyshl and Vorotynsk as well as parts of Novosil and Odoyev....
, Gorensky , GorchakovGorchakovGorchakov, or Gortchakoff , is a Russian princely family of Rurikid stock, descended from the Rurikid sovereigns of Peremyshl, Russia.-Aleksey Gorchakov:The family first achieved prominence during the reign of Catherine II...
, DolgorukovDolgorukovDolgoroukov is the name of a princely Russian family Dolgorukovs of Rurikid stock. Descendants of Mikhail of Chernigov, they took their name from one prince of Obolensk, whose sobriquet was Dolgorouky, or "Long-Armed" in Russian, alluding their lineage to the ancient Persian monarchy. Among its...
, Yeletsky, Zvenigorodsky-Ryumin , Zvenigorodsky-Barashev , Zvenigorodsky-Spyachy , Zvenigorodsky-Shestov , Zvenigorodsky-Zventsov , Zvenigorodsky-Tokmakov , Zvenigorodsky-Nozdrevaty, Karachevsky, KashinKashinKashin is a town and the administrative center of Kashinsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located around a rural agricultural area on the Kashinka River from Moscow and from Kalyazin...
, Klubkov-Massalski, Kozelsky, Koltsov-Massalski , Koninsky, Kurlyatev , Litvinv-Massalski , Lykov , Massalski, Machevsky, Mezetsky, ObolenskyObolenskyObolensky is the name of a princely Russian family of the Rurik Dynasty. The family of aristocrats mostly fled Russia in 1917 during the Russian Revolution...
, Nogtev-Obolensky, Strigin-Obolensky, Yaroslavov-Obolensky, Nagiye-Obolensky, Telepnev-Obolensky, Ovchinin-Telepnev-Obolensky, Obolensky-Cherny, Obolensky-Bely, Obolensky-Zoloty, Obolensky-Serebryany, Odoevsky, Ogiński, Ossovitsky, Peremyshlsky (Peremyshl of KalugaKalugaKaluga is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Population: It is served by Grabtsevo Airport.-History:...
), Peninsky, Puzyny, RepninRepninRepnin , the name of an old Russian princely family of Rurikid stock. The family traces its name to Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Obolensky , nicknamed Repnya, i.e., "bad porridge"...
, Repnin-Volkonsky , Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky , Spashsky, Torussky, Trostensky, Turenin, Tufyakin , Khotetovsky , Shchepin-Obolensky and Shcherbatov. - RyazanRyazanRyazan is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population: The strategic bomber base Dyagilevo is just west of the city, and the air base of Alexandrovo is to the southeast as is the Ryazan Turlatovo Airport...
: Muromsky and Pronsky. - HalychHalychHalych is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The town gave its name to the historic province and kingdom of Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local princes was moved to Lviv...
: Babichev, Bakrinovsky, Lutsky, OstrogskiOstrogskiOstrogski was one of the greatest Ruthenian princely families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.They were most likely of Rurikid stock and descended from Sviatopolk II of Kiev. Some scholars however claim their descent from Galicia-Volhynia line of Rurikid dynasty. Vasilko Romanovich Prince of...
, Skajnowski, VolynskyVolynskyVolynsky may mean:*Artemy Petrovich Volynsky , Russian statesman*Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi, Ukrainian city*Dmitry Volynsky , Musician, Occupational Therapist...
and Zaslawski. - Drutsk: Drutsky, Drutsky-Ozeretsky, Drutskoy-Sokolinsky, Konoplia-Sokolinsky, Drutsky-Gorsky, Drutsky-Liubetsky , Drutsky-Podberezsky, and PutyatinPutyatin (family)Putyatin , also romanized Poutiatine, Putjatin, Putiatin, is a Rurikid family with princely and noble lines. They branched from the dukes of the autonomous principality of Drutsk, sometime in mid-15th century.-Notable figures of the princely family:...
. - SmolenskSmolenskSmolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River. Situated west-southwest of Moscow, this walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history since it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk...
: VyazemskyVyazemskyVyazemsky is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located southwest of Khabarovsk close to the Ussuri River and the border with China. Population: -History:...
, Berezuisky, Dashkov, Zhizhemsky, KozlovskyKozlovskyKozlovsky , Kozlovskaya , or Kozlovskoye may refer to:People*Aleksey Kozlovsky – Алексей Фёдорович Козловский , composer*Fyodor Kozlovsky , Russian writer...
, Korkodinov, KropotkinKropotkinPeter Kropotkin was a Russian prince and anarchist.Kropotkin may also refer to:*Pyotr Nikolayevich Kropotkin , Soviet/Russian geologist, tectonician, and geophysicist*Mount Kropotkin, a peak in Antarctica...
, Porkhovsky, Rzhevsky, Selekhovsky, Solomeretsky and Fominsky. - YaroslavlYaroslavlYaroslavl is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historical part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities...
: Alabyshev, Alenkin, BelskyBelskyThe Belsky or Belski family was a princely family of Gediminid origin in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It later deflected to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and played a key role during the regency of Ivan IV of Russia. The family started with Ivan Vladimirovich, son of Vladimir Olgerdovich and grandson...
, Velikogagin, Golygin, DulovDulovDulov is a village and municipality in the Ilava District of the Trenčín Region of Slovakia....
, Deyev, Zhirovy-Zasekin, Zaozersky, Zasekin, Zubaty, Kubensky, Kurbsky, L'vov, Molozhsky, Mortkin, Okhlyabinin, Penkov, ProzorovskyProzorovskyPrinces Prozorovsky were a Russian noble family of Rurikid stock descending from medieval rulers of Yaroslavl and Mologa. Their name is derived from the village of Prozorovo near Mologa, which used to be their only votchina in the 15th century...
, Sandyrevsky, Siseev, Sitsky, Sontsov, Sontsov-Zasekin, Sudsky, Temnosiny, Troekurov, Ukhorsky, Ushaty, Skulimowski, Khvorostinin, Yukhotsky, Shamin, Shastunov, Shakhovskoy, Shekhonsky, Shumorovsky and ShchetininShchetininShchetinin was the first Russian aviation company. It was founded in St. Petersburg in 1909 under the name Russko-Baltiskovo Vagonovo Zavod . The company was led by the famous pilot S. S. Shchetinin and the lead designer was Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich...
. - RostovRostovRostov is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:...
: Bakhteyarov-Rostovsky, Brity-Rostovsky, Buinosov-Rostovsky, Bychkov-Rostovsky, Gvozdev-Rostovsky, Golenitsin-Rostovsky, Goluby-Rostovsky, Kasatkin-Rostovsky, Katyrev-Rostovsky, Lastkin-Rostovsky, Lobanov-RostovskyLobanov-RostovskyLobanov-Rostovsky was a Russian princely family.-History:It originated with Prince Ivan , who lived at the end of the 15th century and was a great-grandson of ruling prince of Rostov Konstantin Vasilyevich.-Notable members:...
, Priimkov-Rostovsky, Puzhbolsky-Rostovsky, Temkin-Rostovsky, Khokholkov-Rostovsky, Shchepin-Rostovsky and Yanov-Rostovsky. - Beloozero: Andomsky, Beloselsky, Belosselsky-Belozersky, Vadbolsky, Dyabrinsky, Kargolomsky, Kemsky, Sugorsky, UkhtomskyUkhtomskyUkhtomsky , alternatively Ukhtomskii, Oechtomski, Ouhtomski, Ukhtomskiy, Ukhtomski, Ukhtomskii, Oukhtomsky, Oukhtomski, Ookhtomsky is a Russian surname of a noble family descended from the Rurik Dynasty, that has been borne by, among others:...
and Sheleshpansky. - SuzdalSuzdalSuzdal is a town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, situated northeast of Moscow, from the city of Vladimir, on the Kamenka River. Population: -History:...
: Barbashin, Brukhaty-Shuisky, Glazaty-Shuisky, Gorbaty-Shuisky, Kirdyapin-Shuisky, Nizhegorodsky, Nogtev-Suzdalsky, Skopin-Shuisky and ShuiskyShuiskyThe Princes Shuisky were a Rurikid family of boyars descending from Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Vladimir-Suzdal and Prince Andrey Yaroslavich, brother to Alexander Nevsky. Their name is derived from the town of Shuya, of which they gained ownership in 1403. The family briefly reached the...
. - Moscow: BorovskyBorovsky-People:*Alexander Borovsky, Curator of Contemporary Art at the Russian Museum, St. Petersburg*Eugene Znosko-Borovsky , Russian chess master*Karel Havlíček Borovský Czech author and influential journalist...
, Busovsky, Vereisky, Volotsky, Galitsky (Galich of Merya), Mozhaisky, Uglitsky and Shemyakin. - TverTverTver is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: 403,726 ; 408,903 ;...
: Dorogobuzhsky, Kashinsky, Mikulinsky, Telyatevsky , Kholmsky and Chernyatinsky.
Noble families of Rurik stock
who do not use or lost their princely titles, from princes of- Chernigov: SatinSatinSatin is a weave that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back. It is a warp-dominated weaving technique that forms a minimum number of interlacings in a fabric. If a fabric is formed with a satin weave using filament fibres such as silk, nylon, or polyester, the corresponding fabric is...
. - SmolenskSmolenskSmolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River. Situated west-southwest of Moscow, this walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history since it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk...
: Aladyin, Bezsonov, Bokeev, Burukhin, Vnukov, Vsevolozhsky, Gubastov, DanilovDanilovDanilov , or Danilova is a common Russian last name and may refer to:-People:*Alexander Danilov , an Israeli pistol shooter...
, DmitrievDmitrievDmitriyev or Dmitriev is a common Russian surname shared by the following people:*Alexander Sergeyevich Dmitriyev , Russian conductor*Aleksandr Dmitriyev , Russian footballer...
, Dmitriev-Mamonov, Dobrynsky, Yeropkin, Zabolotsky, IvanovIvanovIvanov may refer to one of the following:*Ivanov , list of real people with this last nameFictional characters*D. D. Ivanov, a fictional character in the Macross universe...
, Karpov-Dalmatov, Kisleevsky, Knutov, Korobyin, Molody, Monastyrev, MussorgskyMussorgsky familyMussorgsky , the name of an old Russian noble family, which is one of the branches of rich boyar family of Monastyrev, descendants of princes of Smolensk from Rurikid stock. The family traces its name to Roman Vasilyevich Monastyrev, nicknamed Mussorga . Peter Ivanovich Mussorgsky governed Staritsa...
, Netshin, Polev, Rezanov, Rzhevsky, Rozhestvensky, Sapogov, Solomin, Sudakov, Tatishchev, Tolbuzin, Travin, Tsyplyatev and Shukalovsky. - GalichGalichGalich may refer to:*Alexander Ivanovich Galich , Russian philosopher and Latin scholar*Alexander Galich , Russian dissident bard*Galich, Russia, a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia...
(Galich of Merya): BerezinBerezinBerezin is a Russian surname which can refer to:* Felix Berezin, a Russian mathematician and physicist.* Fyodor Berezin, a Ukrainian science fiction writer.* Mabel Berezin, a sociologist at Cornell University....
, Ivin, IlyinIlyinIlyin , or Ilyina is a common Russian last name derived from a given name Ilya and may refer to:*Aleksandr Ilyin, several people...
, LyapunovLyapunovLyapunov may refer to:* Prokopy Lyapunov , Russian statesman* Zakhary Lyapunov , Russian statesman, Prokopy Lyapunov's brother* Mikhail Lyapunov , Russian astronomer...
, Ossinin. - BelozerskBelozerskBelozersk , known as Beloozero until 1777 , is a town and the administrative center of Belozersky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, situated on the southern bank of Lake Beloye, from which it takes the name...
, Kurtsov, Funikov. - RyazanRyazanRyazan is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population: The strategic bomber base Dyagilevo is just west of the city, and the air base of Alexandrovo is to the southeast as is the Ryazan Turlatovo Airport...
: Ovtsyn, Lykov, Zhulyebin, BulgakovBulgakovBulgakov is a common Russian family name and may refer to:*Gediminid family of Princes Bulgakov*Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bulgakov, Soviet politician, USSR Minister of Education 1978 to 1983*Aleksandr Viktorovich Bulgakov Bulgakov is a common Russian family name and may refer to:*Gediminid family...
, Denysyev, NazarovNazarovNazarov , or Nazarova is a Russian last name of Rurik stock and may refer to:*Alexander Nazarov , a Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union*Anarkul Nazarov , an Uzbek composer and conductor...
, Izmailov, Zamyatin, Zlobin, Velyaminov, Fedorov. - RostovRostovRostov is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:...
: KrasnovKrasnovKrasnov is a Russian name.* Danny Krasnov , Israeli pole vaulter*Pyotr Krasnov Lieutenant-general and leading member of the White movement during the Russian Civil War....
. - TverTverTver is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: 403,726 ; 408,903 ;...
: Agryenev.
See also
- Rulers of Kievan Rus’
- Shum GoraShum GoraShum Gora is a massive kurgan situated in Peredolskaya parish, near the bank of the Luga River, Batetsky rayon, Novgorod Oblast, northwestern Russia, about 60 km west of Novgorod.The hill was formerly involved in local liturgical practice....
- Vikings
- Uí ÍmairUí ÍmairThe Uí Ímair , or Dynasty of Ivar, were an enormous royal and imperial Norse dynasty who ruled Northern England, the Irish Sea region and Kingdom of Dublin, and the western coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides, from the mid 9th century, losing control of the first in the mid 10th, but the rest...
(House of Ivar), contemporary Norse dynasty powerful in the Anglo-Celtic Isles - Grand Prince of TverGrand Prince of TverThe title of Prince of Tver was borne by the head of the branch of the Rurikid dynasty that ruled the Principality of Tver. In 1247 Tver was allocated to Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky, and became an independent principality...
- KnyazKnyazKniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
External links
- Royal and Imperial House of Rurikovich [www.casarealrurikovich.com]
- Fund of Princes [www.fundprinces.com]
- Genealogy of the Rurik dynasty from Genealogy.eu
- Genealogical chart of Dukes of Kiev
